NEET PG,INICET/FMGE Phryanx

Ajouté : 2026-05-26

[00:00:02]fairings which allows both air and food to pass through it is divided into naja fairings or fairerings and ling fairings. One of the important vertebral landmark to remember in fairings is the C6 vertebral level. C6 is the vertebra at which fairings continues as the isopus.

[00:00:23]Fairnings is made up of muscles mainly two group of muscles longitudinal group of muscle and circular group of muscles.

[00:00:30]The longitudinal group of muscle are oriented vertically.

[00:00:34]The circular group of muscles are oriented in a circular f and circling the fairings. The longitudinal group of muscle include styophringes, surping fringes and pelative fringes. The circular group of muscle include superior constrictor, middle constrictor and in constrictor.

[00:00:49]These circular group of muscles are arranged one above the other like the petals of a flower.

[00:00:57]So this kind of arrangement creates gaps between the muscles.

[00:01:01]One of the important gap I want to highlight is a gap between the super constrictor and middle constrictor muscles. These gaps allow some vital structures to pass through it. So the gap between superior and middle constrictor muscle allows the styopharingious muscle to pass through it.

[00:01:17]Clear?

[00:01:18]Now styopharing muscle is an exceptional muscle of the fairings. It is the only muscle that is supplied by the glossophringial nerve. Rest of the muscles are supplied by the vagus nerve.

[00:01:27]Okay. We understood that there are gaps between the muscles and each gap allows certain important structures to pass through it.

[00:01:37]What is really really important to remember is the gap between superior and middle constrictor not only allows the styof fringes muscle but also the glossophrrenial nerve which is supplying the muscle itself.

[00:01:51]Among all the muscles of the fairings I urge you to remember only one muscles that has a significant clinical relevance and that muscle is the inferior constrictor muscle. The infra constrictor muscle has two different components.

[00:02:06]One is the oblique fibers which is known as the thyrofaringes.

[00:02:10]Another one is the horizontal fibers which is known as the cricopharanges.

[00:02:13]The there is a gap between these two fibers and the gap is known as the giant. So it creates a potential weakness in the poster wall of the fairings. This weakness lead to prolapse of mucosa and sub mucosa sometimes leading to a pouch or diverticulum that is known as the jenkus diverticulum.

[00:02:35]These are lymphoid tissues around the aerodyigestive system in the noperings and oroperings. They are arranged in rings. That is why they are known as component of wers ring. There are usually four groups. Two in the noperings, two in the oroperings. In the napings, najofingial tonsil and adenoid tubal tonsil and in the ferings, palatin tonsil and lingual tonsil.

[00:02:59]This is a 7-year-old child with mouth breathing.

[00:03:02]Her mother took her to the hospital. The physician advised one radioraph. This is the radioraph of the child. Now what is the diagnosis? The diagnosis in this case is adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoid lies in the nap. This is the adenoid gland which is enlarged in this case because of the enlargement of the adenoid adenoid. It compromises the napial estimus. So that is why the child cannot able to take a nasal breathe is breathing through the mouth.

[00:03:29]And there is a specific radioraph dedicated to identify the adenoid hypertrophy. The radioraphy is soft view of the nofarings. And the facial expression of the child in case of adenoid hypertrophy is very characteristics is known as the adenoid faces. The face is elongated dl looking there is open mouth with upturned leaves.

[00:03:52]Paladin tonsil is located between the palto glossal and the palopharangial arches.

[00:03:59]There are many structures that form the bait of the paraline tonsils.

[00:04:05]The most important and clinically relevant structure in the tonsular bed is the glossopherrenial nerve.

[00:04:12]So during tonslectomy surgery there is a risk to injure the glossophrrenial nerve.

[00:04:18]Glossophringial nerve has a sensory supply to the poster one third of the tongue fairings and middle ear cavity.

[00:04:24]The epherent fibers of the gag reflux is supplied by the glossophringial nerve.

[00:04:30]So injury to the glossopherial nerve may lead to loss of sensory system in these three structures or loss of gag reflux.

[00:04:40]Now identify the anatomical structure marked by the arrow.

[00:04:47]Let us first understand the question.

[00:04:49]This is a radiological anatomic question.

[00:04:55]Let's understand the question from the source image. The image is derived from a study which is done for dysphasia.

[00:05:04]Dysphasia is usually two types orangial dispasia and esophagial dispasia. For oroaringial dysphasia a study is done which is known as video fllororoscopic swallow study.

[00:05:16]This is a modification of berium swallow.

[00:05:22]Barium solo for oroaringial dispia done in two projections lateral projection and a projections. In both these projections we take one peeling phase and one relief phase.

[00:05:36]Coming to the radiological anatomy.

[00:05:39]This one is the hydone. This is the epiglotus which usually closes the laryngial inlet.

[00:05:46]This one is the valicular.

[00:05:49]This is the pyroform sinus. Pyroform sinus is a part of the hypotharings which extends alongside of the layings.

[00:06:00]Coming back to the question, this is pyroform sinus. It is also known as the smuggler's fossa. It is a mucosal resource which extends alongside the larynx.

[00:06:13]One of the anatomical relations we need to remember is that pyroform sinus is closely related with the internal langial nerve. Why is this is relevant?

[00:06:22]Sometimes foreign bodies like fistbone get stuck in the fifth sinus. So there is a risk to injury to the internal langial nerve.

[00:06:33]Summary of today's learning fairings is a muscular tube made up of three longitudinal muscles and three circular muscles. Styophringious muscle is the only muscle supplied by the glossophrrenial nerve which pass through the gap between the superior constrictor and middle constrictor muscle.

[00:06:49]Weakness between the thyoparanges and cryopharingial muscle is known as the giant which may lead to formation of janker diverticulum.

[00:06:58]Glossopherial nerves lies in the tonsular bed and internal narangial nerve is close related with the pyroform sinus. Fangel tonsil table tonsil paladin tonsil and lingual tonsil constitute the wilderling.

[00:07:12]Glossopherial nerve supplies the motor to the styopharanges sensory to the poster one third of the tongue fairings and middlear cavity and ephrent fibers of the gag reflex.