Lecture -01 🌍Welcome -आधुनिक इतिहास NCERT सारसंग्रह ;By-manish sir

Added: 2026-06-01

[00:00:37]Hello Check Hello Hello So come let us start modern India from today and very soon we will finish it too.

[00:00:53]We will start with NCERT Essence Collection and Modern India. It is a most important book. You must read it carefully once.

[00:01:02]So this is modern India and from here today we will try to remember and those who are sitting offline will also speak with me. Ok? You will say it, right?

[00:01:14]Arrival of the European Company. So let's start the class from here.

[00:01:24]You have to speak through sea route for trade.

[00:01:27]You people don't even speak. You should come forward and sit. So we sit at a distance from here and both of us keep talking comfortably.

[00:01:40]Who were the first Europeans to come to India by sea route for trade? So were the Portuguese. Who was it? Portugal. So what is it saying that who were the first Europeans to come to India by sea to do sea trade? Portuguese. Who was it? Portuguese. So who were the first Europeans to come to India by sea to trade?

[00:02:01]So who were the Portuguese? Portuguese. Who discovered the sea route from Europe to India? By Vasco da Gama.

[00:02:11]By whom? By Vasco da Gama.

[00:02:14]So who discovered the sea route from Europe to India? So by Vasco da Gama.

[00:02:21]Arrival in India: 17 May 1498 So when did you come to India? Came to India on 17 May 1498 17 May 1498 So discovered the sea route to come to India from Europe 17 May 1498 17 May 1498 Let's move to the next question.

[00:02:42]So who were the people coming by sea to trade? So who were these?

[00:02:48]Bas ye Portuguese. Who was it? Portuguese and India mean that India was not forgotten, did they discover India, the Bhalalwal of India was not anywhere, so they came here, they discovered it through the sea route, the sea route was discovered to come to India from Europe, Vasco da Gama, 17 May 1498, 17 May 1498, first you guys come forward and sit, is everything alright, you live so far away, I don't understand, who welcomed Vasco da Gama on the shores of Calicut port, when he came to Calicut port, who welcomed him, it was Zamorin, who welcomed him, then here and there, you all are always ready to stand, right, you need one person to sit and stand, you just stand like this without any trouble, you just steal the study, who welcomed Vasco da Gama on the shores of Calicut port, when Vasco da Gama came to Calicut port, who welcomed him, it was Zamorin, it was Zamorin, it was the local ruler, then who did Vascodima's research on the shores of Calicut port? So what will be in the answer? Who is Gemoren? Jemoran is saying where did the Portuguese first establish their trading houses and factories in India? So in Kochi, Kerala. Where? Kochi in Kerala. So when the Portuguese first established their trading house in India, where did they establish their trading house? Cochin in Kerala. Where is Cochin?

[00:04:17]In Kerala. So you will have to keep the map in mind again and again only then you will understand a little about Kerala, if you want to read here then it is saying where did the Portuguese first establish their trading house in India, so where is Cochin in Kerala, where is Cochin in Kerala, so keep this in mind that who was appointed the first Viceroy of the Portuguese colony in India, so remember who was appointed the first Viceroy of the Portuguese colony, Francisco de Almeida, the name Francisco de Almeida is tricky but you will have to remember it. Ok? That is, who was the first Viceroy of the Portuguese colony, that is, when the Portuguese came, who was their first Viceroy? So Francisco de Almeida.

[00:04:58]Francisco de Almeida. And when was it made?

[00:05:01]In 1505. It happened on 17 May 1498 and who welcomed it? Gemoren. Who did it?

[00:05:08]Gemoren. Who did it? Gemoren. Next, who is credited with starting tobacco cultivation and printing press in India? He also told the Portuguese to cultivate potatoes there.

[00:05:20]So tell me what will tobacco say in India. Nicotine is found in tobacco. Now who started this salute to the printing press? The Portuguese. Who did it? The Portuguese.

[00:05:32]So call it tobacco cultivation or printing press. Who were these two people? The Portuguese. It is said that the first printing press in India was established in 1556. So he said that the first printing press in India was established in 1556. And where did it happen? In Goa. Where did it happen?

[00:05:50]In Goa. So the first printing press in India was established in 1556. Where did it happen?

[00:05:55]In Goa. Where did it happen? In Goa. And he is saying that when the merchant was setting up the warehouse, who was the first Viceroy of the Portuguese at that time? So Francisco de Almora who came forward in 1505. The Real Founder of Portuguese Power in India It is important to know who was the real founder of Portuguese power? So was Albakar. Who was it? Albuquerque. So who was the real founder of Portuguese power in India? Albuquerque. So who was the real founder of Portuguese power in India? Albuquerque. So who is considered the real founder of Portuguese power in India, then Albuquerque is considered so, this word has to be kept in mind that who was the real founder of Portuguese power in India, who was Albuquerque and who served as the Viceroy, tell me who served as the Viceroy, Francisco de Almora, who was appointed as the first Viceroy, then Francisco de Almora and the real one was Albuquerque Albuquerque Albuquerque let's move ahead, the Dutch came to India mainly in 1502. When did you come? In 1502. So what did the Dutch mainly trade in India? So of cotton cloth. What did the Dutch trade? Of cotton cloth. Of which object? of cotton goods. Meaning he used to trade in cotton clothes.

[00:07:15]Some facts have been given here.

[00:07:18]Let us read this also. Then we will move forward.

[00:07:22]Now he is saying that there are researchers from different countries about the discoveries they have made. So Vasco da Gama went to discover the country of India.

[00:07:30]So it was not such a discovery, meaning the sea route was discovered. So Vasco da Gama discovered India by exploring the sea route. So tell me how Vasco da Gama discovered India. Who discovered America? Columbus. Who discovered America? Columbus. Columbus. Next up is Captain James Cook of Australia. Captain James Cook of Australia. Captain James Cook of Australia.

[00:07:52]Where is the capital of Australia?

[00:07:54]Canvara. There is also the Murray Darling River in Australia. Isn't it? What is called the country of kangaroos? To Australia. What is it called?

[00:08:00]Australia. Where is the Great Baron Rif?

[00:08:02]in Australia. Next up is who discovered Tasmania and New Zealand? So has Tasman. Who did it? Tasman.

[00:08:10]Who discovered Tasmania and New Zealand? Tasman. Cape of Good Hope. Cape of Good Hope. Who discovered South Africa? So Bartholomeo did. This question arises that who discovered the Cape of Good Hope i.e. South Africa?

[00:08:24]Bartholomea Dar Constitution Amendment We have taken it from here. Taken from South Africa. It is in Part 20. It is written in Article 368.

[00:08:31]So keep this in mind that who discovered the Cape of Good Hope?

[00:08:35]By Bartholomea Diaz. Further, the policy of calm or blue water to control trade in the Indian Ocean. Who implemented the calm or blue water policy? So Francisco de Almora. Francisco de Almora. Good question, remember who introduced the policy of calm or blue waters to control trade in the Indian Ocean, Francisco de Almeida Francisco de Almeida, so calm or blue waters Francisco de Almeida Francisco de Almeida, remember during the reign of which Viceroy Goa was made the formal headquarters of the Portuguese, Nano de Cunha, Nano de Cunha, so during the reign of which Viceroy Goa was made the formal headquarters of the Portuguese, Nano de Cunha, so who made Goa the formal headquarters of the Portuguese, Nano de Cunha, who made it, Nano de Cunha, the Portuguese are saying that to establish control over trade in the Indian Ocean region, who is the Cartez Almeida caravan leader, the Cartez Admela caravan system was started. So the Portuguese started the Cartage Armada convoy system to establish control over trade in the Indian Ocean region. The Cartage Armuda convoy system was introduced. After the Portuguese, the Dutch came to trade in India.

[00:10:10]So who came to trade in India after the Portuguese? The Dutch had come. He is asking where were you residents of? Of Holland. From where? Holland. Presently its name has become Netherlands. So where did the Dutch come from?

[00:10:21]Of the Netherlands. From where? Netherlands. The Netherlands was originally named Holland. Was there some name?

[00:10:25]Holland. So I am saying that the Dutch, who came to India to trade after the Portuguese, were residents of where? So where does that currently fall under Holland? Netherlands. Where does it fall? Netherlands. Now what is the main fact given in this? He has given the company and is saying that the country is being established and the first factory in India. So who discovered this country i.e. Portuguese East India Company i.e. Estado da India? Portugal is saying that the Portuguese East India Company was established in the Portuguese country Nestado da India, that is, which company arrived? Portugal.

[00:11:00]Portugal came in 1498. And where was your first factory? In Cochin. Where?

[00:11:06]In Cochin. So where did the Portuguese people build their first factory? Cochin. That means where? was established in Kerala. The English East India Company, the Governor, the Governor and the Company of Merchants of London, trading and to the East Indies, who brought it to Britain, so the English East India Company was like this, who brought it to Britain and it brought its company in 1600, where was it in Surat, Surat means Gujarat, so remember when the Portuguese established their first factory, tell me where, in Cochin, Kerala, and what was the English where in 1600? In Surat. Where did you go?

[00:11:44]In Surat. After that he further says United East India Company of Netherlands.

[00:11:49]Who was from the Netherlands? Holland. So where was Holland from? Was from the Netherlands. Isn't it? Was from the Netherlands.

[00:11:54]But when was that company formed? In 1602.

[00:11:57]Masulipatnam. Where is Masulipatnam located?

[00:11:59]Andhra Pradesh. Where is Masulipatnam located?

[00:12:01]In Andhra Pradesh. So first Portuguese 1498 Kochi Kerala. Who came after him?

[00:12:07]English. 1600 where? In Surat.

[00:12:10]Where was the third one after that? Holland. When did Holland come?

[00:12:13]In 1602. That is, Masuli Patna. Masooli in Patna. Remember this in Andhra Pradesh.

[00:12:19]Dennis East India's Manish is saying that Dennis will remember and keep Denmark from Denmark R. Isn't it? And 1616 Travancore Travancore falls in Maharashtra itself.

[00:12:29]Travan says trev in trevco or travancore. Further, the French East India Company was established in France in 1664 by France in 1664 and where was it established in Surat, so what was the first company that was established, Portuguese in 1498, what was it in Cochin, what was it in Britain, that is, the British people, where was it established in 1600 in Surat, after that what was Holland, Masulipatnam in 1602, Holland in 1602, Masulipatnam and Denmark in 1616 in Travancore and what was France in 1664 in Surat, France in 1664 in Surat, now it is being said that the arrival of European traders in India, so who was the first from Europe, Portugal, then Dutch, then British, Portugal, Dutch, British, Portugal, Dutch, British, Dutch, French, Swedish, Denis, French, Swedish, so remember that Portugal, Dutch, British, Denis, French, Swedish, remember Portugal, Dutch, three will remain like this.

[00:13:35]Portugal, Dutch, British, Danish, French, Swedish. Swedish in Portugal, Dutch, British, Denis, Denis, French Last.

[00:13:44]Who was it? Swedish. So let's look again at the Portuguese first, 1498. First factory in Cochin, Kerala.

[00:13:52]Britain in 1600. Where?

[00:13:55]In Surat. Holland in 1602. Where? Masulipatnam.

[00:13:58]and Denmark in 1616. In Travancore. And it is saying France in 1664 but it is saying that European traders arrived in India, so if the company says who went first then Portugal, then Britain, then Holland, then Denmark, then France, but if it says arrival in India then first the Portuguese came, then the Dutch came, then the British came, Portuguese, Dutch, British, Danish, French, Swedish, Portuguese, Dutch, British and Danish, French, Swedish, if you say it three-four times you will remember it, sir, will you get a reply? Yes, tell me what's the matter?

[00:14:39]So he is saying that the European trading companies that came to India were Portuguese, Dutch, British, Danish, French, Swedish. Among the European powers, the Portuguese Company entered India in 1498 and remained in India till the last i.e. in 1961. So these people had gone from Goa in 1961. Isn't it? The first one to come was the Portuguese company in 1498, they were the last ones to go in 1961, this is a competition, take it from any country, be it BPSC, Bihar Daroga Madhya Prohibition, Bihar Police, it is eligible for everyone, let's move ahead, the most important one is from the NCERT book, you should take it once, read it carefully and then you will definitely understand, so tell me, let's move towards the next question, the next question is that which European power gave priority to the export of clothes instead of the export of spices from India? So the Dutch used to trade cotton cloth through the Dutch. Isn't it? And the Dutch came in 1502. The Dutch arrived in 1502.

[00:15:46]And the Portuguese came in 1498. 17 May 1498. So, which European power preferred the export of textiles from India over the export of spices? So who was the Dutch given it by? It was through cotton clothes by the Dutch.

[00:16:08]Who is saying that the first joint stock company was started for trade with India? So did the Dutch.

[00:16:11]So who started the joint stock company? So tell the Dutch. Who did it? The Dutch. So who started the first joint stock company for trade with India? So did the Dutch. Who did it? The Dutch. Let's move ahead.

[00:16:26]Battle of Bedra in 1759 It is important to know when the Battle of Bedra took place? It was fought between which two European powers in 1759? So the Dutch and the English. So the Battle of Bedra took place between the Dutch and the British in 1759.

[00:16:41]So the Battle of Bedra took place in 1759 between the Dutch and the British.

[00:16:51]Who was the Emperor of India at the time of the formation of the British East India Company in London, next between the Dutch and the English? When the British East India Company was formed in London, who was the Emperor of India? So was Akbar. Who was it? Akbar. So the point to remember is who was the Emperor of India at the time of formation of the British East India Company in London? Akbar. Who was it? Akbar. British James Who was the British citizen who came to the court of Jahangir as an ambassador of the British Emperor James I with the aim of establishing a trading house in India? What it means is that the purpose of establishing a trading house in India by becoming the ambassador of the British Emperor James I in the court of Jahangir is to say that who was the first British citizen to come from Britain to the court of Jahangir? So was Captain Hawkins. Who was it? Captain Hawkins in 1608. When did you come? In 1608. So Captain Hawkins came in 1608. When did you come?

[00:17:55]In 1608. He is saying that the first temporary factory in India by the British East India Company was in Masulipatnam. This is the most important question that where was the first temporary factory established by the British East India Company i.e. Britain in Masulipatnam? Masulipatnam is in Andhra Pradesh. And in 1611, the first temporary factory in India by the British East India Company was in Masulipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, right? You will remember that Masulipatnam is in Andhra Pradesh. And in 1611, he is saying that the first temporary factory was in Surat in 1613. If Surat is said to be temporary, then where should it be mentioned?

[00:18:35]In Surat, and if it is said to be temporary, then in Masulipatnam, it was temporary at first in 1611, then it was made permanent after two years in 1613. So remember that the first temporary factory by the British East India Company was in Masulipatnam in 1611. And if it is said to be the first temporary factory, then where should it be mentioned?

[00:18:56]In Surat. Where to tell? In Surat. So, I had asked when was the first temporary one? 1611 and temporary said 1613. Let's move ahead.

[00:19:05]Which English Governor of the East India Company was expelled from India by Aurangzeb? So by Sir John Child.

[00:19:12]Aurangzeb was driven out of India by Sir John Child.

[00:19:15]Sorry.

[00:19:18]Which English Governor of the East India Company? Saying by Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb had expelled him? To Sir John Child. That means Aurang Child means a child has been born. Thinking him to be a child, Aurangzeb threw him out.

[00:19:28]So which Englishman was expelled? So the British expelled him. Aurangzeb expelled Sir John Child.

[00:19:35]Due to the successful treatment by Hamilton, which Mughal Emperor issued a Magna Carta to the East India Company in 1717?

[00:19:45]So tell me. Hamilton was a doctor. Okay, right? Due to its successful treatment, the Mughal Emperor issued a Magna Carta for the East India Company in 1717. Who was Farrukh Siar? Who was Farrukh Siar who was King of England in 1717?

[00:20:06]Who was King of England Charles II in 1661?

[00:20:11]Who was King of England Charles II was married to Princess Catherine of Portugal.

[00:20:18]Who were the Portuguese princesses? It happened to Catherine.

[00:20:21]This is on this occasion, it is about 1661.

[00:20:24]In 1661, King Charles II of England married Princess Catherine of Portugal.

[00:20:32]On this occasion, the Portuguese gave Charles II to whom? The island of Bombay was given to Charles II as dowry. Just imagine, when she was getting dowry, the entire Bombay was given to her as an island.

[00:20:46]Is it or not? Imagine the Bombay Island provided. In 1668, Charles II granted Bombay to the East India Company for an annual rent of £10. So it is being said that in 1668, Charles II, which means after 4 years, that is, after 7 years, Charles II gave Mumbai to the East India Company for an annual rent of 10 pounds.

[00:21:11]Mumbai was given to the East India Company.

[00:21:14]Remember, King Charles II of England gave Bombay to the East India Company for a rent of 10 pounds.

[00:21:20]Remember this question was important. It is asking from where the best Sora and opium was obtained for the Europeans who lived in Bihar.

[00:21:35]What was there for the Europeans who lived there? So tell me, it is asking from where Sora and opium was obtained. It was obtained from Bihar. So, from where did the Europeans get opium and Sora?

[00:21:48]From Bihar. Where did you get it from? From Bihar. Now there are cities and their founders like Kolkata.

[00:21:54]Who founded the city of Kolkata? So did Job Charnock. This is important.

[00:21:59]Remember that the city of Kolkata was founded by Job Charnock. Who did it? By Job Charnock.

[00:22:04]Who founded Madras?

[00:22:06]Francis Day. Madras was founded by Francis Day. Madras was founded by Francis Day.

[00:22:12]Madras was founded by Francis Day. Madras was founded by Francis Day. Madras was founded by Francis Day. Remember this. Let's move ahead.

[00:22:22]New Delhi. Who was the founder of New Delhi?

[00:22:24]Edwin Lutius and Edwin Lutius and Herbert Becker. Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker.

[00:22:30]Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker. Let's move ahead.

[00:22:33]Bombay is saying. Who was from Bombay?

[00:22:35]Gorald Angyar. Who was it? Gorald Angyar. So let's read it once again.

[00:22:40]Job Charan, founder of Kolkata Job Charan, founder of Kolkata Tell me Francis Day of Madras Francis Day of Madras Francis Day of Madras Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker of New Delhi Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker and Who was Gurald Angariar of Mumbai? Gurald Angyar.

[00:23:06]Whose efforts led to the establishment of the French Company in 1664? So with whose efforts was the French Company established in 1664? So Colvert's efforts to whom? Through the efforts of Colvert. So whose efforts led to the establishment of the French Company in 1664? So through the efforts of Colvert.

[00:23:28]During whose tenure was the French Company established? So Louis the 14th. Louis the 14th. So during whose tenure was the French company established? So during whose tenure was Louis the 14th? During the reign of Louis XIV.

[00:23:40]Next is when was the first French factory established in India by Frank Caro? So in 1668. And where was it done? In Surat. So the first French factory in India was established by Frank Caro in Surat. In 1668.

[00:23:58]In 1668. Let us understand the question once again that where was the first Francis factory established in India by Frank Caro? In 1668, the French Governor Dupleix in Surat first introduced the policy of engaging Indian princes in disputes with the aim of acquiring territory.

[00:24:21]French Governor Dupleix.

[00:24:24]Who did it? Dupleix first introduced the policy of acquiring land, i.e. land acquisition, with the objective of involving the Indian states themselves in disputes.

[00:24:37]Where was the fort named Fort Louis built by the French? In Pondicherry. So where was the fort called Fort Louis built? In Pondicherry. So where did the French build the fort called Fort Louis? In Pondicherry. Where was it made?

[00:26:21]Hello, so come on, yes yes, we are going next brother, some important work came up, due to which I had stopped, sometimes problems keep coming, so one should not panic, who was the first French Governor of Pondicherry, so Francois Martin, Francois Martin, so remember who was the first French Governor of Pondicherry, so who was Fr Francois Martin? Francois Martin So who was the first French Governor of Pondicherry? Francois Martin.

[00:26:55]Which British officer defeated the Portuguese at Soli? So did Thomas Best. At which place?

[00:27:03]Which British officer was defeated at the place of Soli? Thomas Best. Thomas Best. Please tell me the gate, sir. Thomas Best. The Battle of Bandivas took place in 1760. So remember when the Battle of Bandivas took place? In 1760.

[00:27:19]Whom did the British defeat? So to France. So the Battle of Bandivas took place in 1760. Whom did the British defeat? So to France.

[00:27:30]Whom did the British defeat in the Carnatic War? So to France. The Carnatic War was fought between whom? So of the British and the French.

[00:27:38]So the Carnatic war that took place between the British and France, through which treaty did the First Carnatic War end? The First Carnatic War was fought through the Treaty of L.A. Saple, 1746 to 48. Remember, through which treaty did the First Carnatic War end? The Treaty of L.A. Saple, 1748.

[00:28:04]1748 and between whom was the Carnatic War fought?

[00:28:07]Between the British and France, who was the first European to snatch Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur? So who was the first to snatch it from the Sultan of Bijapur? So Albuquerque. Who was the first European to capture Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur? Albuquerque. So who was the first European to snatch Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur? Albuquerque. And tell me where is Gol Gumbaz? Gol Gumbaz is in Bijapur. Where from? In Bijapur. Now some important facts have been given as to where and when the First Carnatic War took place and we will try to remember this now, see the First Carnatic War took place from 1746 to 48, so you will remember that the First Carnatic War took place from 1746 to 48 and ended by the Treaty of Aila Saple in 1748, but the result was other is saying that it was Anirut, it is not known about the successors of Stria, that is, the first reason was the successors of Stria. So the question will ask you what was the main reason for the First Carnatic War? So the War of the Austrian SuccessionThe War of the Austrian Succession. The War of the Austrian Succession I 1746 to 48 was ended by the Treaty of El Sapele in 1748. But what was the main reason for this? So the War of the Austrian Succession.The War of the Austrian Succession. The War of the Austrian Succession. So what was the first major reason? So the War of the Austrian Succession. This is an important fact that what was the main reason for the First Carnatic War? So the War of the Austrian Succession. Let's move ahead. The second was from 1749 to 54 and was the War of the Carnatic Succession. There was a war of succession in Karnataka.

[00:29:56]Treaty of Pondicherry. Treaty of Pondicherry was a war in 1754. It is available somewhere for Rs 55.

[00:30:00]So if we read about 54 now, then the Treaty of Pondicherry was in 1754, Britain was strong, who was Britain at that time, Britain was strong, what was Britain at that time, so the second one which happened was due to the War of the Carnatic Succession, i.e. the War of the Carnatic Succession, the question is asked that first Carnatic was ended from 1746 to 48 due to whom, so due to the Austrian Succession, so it was ended by the Treaty of Ella Sable, second one was ended from 1749 to 49, so it was ended by the Treaty of Pondicherry.

[00:30:34]What was there in it? So tell me in this, the main reason for this was the war of succession of Karnataka, the war of succession of Karnataka is visible in the phone.

[00:30:42]You guys didn't bring your phones, you should bring them, right? Further, the third Carnatic war, which is from 1756 to 63, means after 54, leaving 55, from 56 to 63, this is also called the Seven Year War, it happens within seven years, see, 56 and 4, 60 and 60 and three, how much is 63, so this is called Seven Year War and he is saying that because of this Seven Year War and colonial, then we have to keep the Seven Year War directly, the Treaty of Paris was in 1763 and France was defeated, that is, whoever was of France was defeated, so you should remember all three line by line like this that the first Carnatic War was ended from 1746 to 48 by the Treaty of Ella Sapele. The main reason for this was the Austrian North. The second was ended by the war between Pondicherry and the successor states of Carnatic from 1749 to 54. The third war took place from 1756 to 1763 and is called the Seven Years' War. And in this France was defeated. France was in ruins. was defeated. Please take good care of this. The name of the English company is saying that the Governor and Company of Merchants of London and Trading to the East Indies was kept.

[00:31:51]So tell me what is the name of the English company? The Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East India was named. It was named East India.

[00:32:03]So you guys remember the Karnataka war, right? Hey, the Karnataka war happened, aunty, tell me. 1746 to 48, second from 49 to 54 and third from 56, 56 to 63, who lost in the third, France was defeated, in the second, if the main work of the second one is said to be the successor of Karnataka and the first one is said to be the successor of Austria, okay, you tell me where is the capital of Australia, tell me the name of Austria is Bayana, okay, but if you say Australia then Canberra is very beautiful, now we will see about the East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal, so let us start from here, read each fact slowly.

[00:32:39]Let's go.

[00:32:44]Who was the last governor of Bengal independently appointed by the Mughal emperor? So Murshid Quli Khan Murshid Quli Khan. So he is saying that the last governor of Bengal independently was said by the Mughal emperor. So who was the last governor of Bengal independently appointed by the Mughal Emperor? So tell me who was it? Murshid was Quli Khan. Who was it? Murshid Quli Khan. Whose tenure was from 1717 to 1727? Who was the last Governor of Bengal independently from the Mughal Emperor? So it will be said that the last governor of Bengal by the Mughal Emperor was Murshid Kule Khan. The last Governor of Bengal was Murshid Gule Khan whose tenure was from 1717 to 1727. Murshid Quli Khan is saying from 1717 to 1727 from his capital Dhaka, where is Murshidabad written to Murshid, Murshidabad written to Murshid, where was Dhaka before, where is the capital of Bangladesh now, Dhaka, the name of the currency is Kochi, Taka, now Bangladesh is 496.6 km from us. imposes limits. It shares its maximum border with West Bengal. And from how many states does he impose it? From five states. West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and West Bengal. You guys had not forgotten. I have told you guys, it doesn't matter. So where did Murshid Quli Khan move his capital from Dhaka?

[00:34:09]Dhaka to Murshidabad. Murshida from Dhaka.

[00:34:12]Wrote Murshidabad to Murshid. Such a short journey from Dhaka to Murshidabad. So remember this. And tell me what will the last Governor of Bengal say? So Murshid wrote from 1717 to 57. Let's move ahead.

[00:34:24]Which Nawab of Bengal compared Europeans to bees? Europeans were compared to bees. So, which Nawab of Bengal was this? Tell me, who was such a Nawab of Bengal? So that Europe was compared to bees. So Ali Vardi Khan. So when the bee is there, it starts wearing uniform, so compare it with the bees, Ali uniform. If you remember it like this, it will stay in your mind a little longer.

[00:34:49]If you remember it this way, it will remain in your mind longer. So which Nawab of Bengal compared Europe to the one which was Europe, okay let me show you the world map, look this is the world map, oh brother, Europe is here, with whom did you compare Europe, tell me what was the comparison of Europe with bees, who was Ali Vardi Khan, who was Ali Vardi Khan, now when we start the world map, aunty, then you people will understand it better, oh brother, where did Ali Vardi Khan go, yes, then tell me, remember which Nawab of Bengal compared Europeans with bees. So was Ali Bar. The study of bees is called apiculture. Who says yes? Apiculture. Please take care. Let's move ahead. He is saying, remember 20 June 1756, the most important date. The Black Hole incident of 20 June 1756 occurred during the reign of which Nawab of Bengal? So Siraj-ud-Daula is a Suja-ud-Daula. There is a Siraj-ud-Daula. So remember Siraj-ud-Daula's thing is Siraj-ud-Daula.

[00:35:49]So the Black Hole incident happened on 20 June 1756, 20 June 1756 and 146 were described in room A, in 146 only 23 people were alive and 123 were killed, think about it, you have to read further that during the reign of which Nawab of Bengal did the famous Black Hole incident of 20 June 1756 happen, so Siraj Juddaula, so where else did the Black Hole incident happen on 20 June 1756, 20 June 1756 56? Who was its Nawab? So tell me who was Siraj-ud-Daula?

[00:36:24]Sira will ask Babu, who were you guys? Siraj -ud-Daulah 20 June 1756 Black Hole incident. Next 9 February 1757 Between whom was the Treaty of Alinagar signed on 9 February 1757? So Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah. Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah. Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah. So between whom was the treaty of Alinagar? So Clive and Siraj-ud-Daula. Robert Club's tenure was from 1757 to 60 and 65 to 67, so remember 1757 to 60 and 65 to 67, you guys are feeling a bit confused, right? If you are a science student then it is tough to study arts, no problem, you will remember it slowly. 9 February 1757, now do you know when the Battle of Plassey took place? 23 June 1757, 23 June 1757, the Battle of Plassey took place, remember a little bit, the Treaty of Alinagar was signed between Club and Siraj-ud-Daula.

[00:37:19]Sandeep Club of Alinagar and hey brother, is the internet not working? Brother, tell me the internet is working, why do n't you guys tell me? The net is not working. The net is not working. Tell me, is the internet not working?

[00:37:39]Hey, tell me once, is your voice going? Is the net working?

[00:37:46]Hello hello why not such a big issue oh brother let's go brother let's go. Let's move ahead.

[00:38:41]Lord Robert Clive is considered the founder of the British Empire in India.

[00:38:43]So who is considered the founder of the British Empire in India? Robert Clive is considered.

[00:38:49]Who is considered? Robert Clive is called the founder of the British Empire in British India.

[00:38:56]Robert Clive is considered. Robert Clive is considered.

[00:39:02]Robert Clive is considered. Which was fought on the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757.

[00:39:10]Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal.

[00:39:13]Who was the Nawab of Bengal? By defeating Siraj-ud-Daula, he laid the foundation of British dominance in India for the first time. When the Battle of Plassey took place on 23 June 1757, when the Battle of Plassey took place on 23 June 1757, tell me who was defeated, Siraj-ud-Daula was defeated and after that the British came to India, they established their base, base means their arrival here in India, so the Battle of Plassey took place on 23 June 1757, between Robert Claver and Siraj- ud-Daula, between Robert Claver and Siraj-ud- Daula.

[00:39:54]Very nice sister. So what happened in this that Siraj-ud-Daula will remember that the poor man fell at the head and became a Gochi. Tell me when it has fallen in the head? So he lost, right? When it fell in Sira, it became Gochi? fell the Beat. So when Siraj-ud-Daula fell at Sira, he was defeated. Defeated like this. And after that, India became a British colony.

[00:40:17]Robert Clive's rule started from 1757 to 1760 and then he came again from 1765 to 1767, other people also came in between, so remember, if you have to remember then the Battle of Plassey took place on 23 June 1757 between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daula in which Siraj -ud-Daula was defeated, Siraj- ud-Daula was defeated, let's move ahead, at the time of the Battle of Plassey, the Nawab of Bengal i.e. the commander of the Nawab of Bengal was there. Who was the commander of the Nawab of Bengal at the time of the Battle of Plassey? So was Mir Jafar. Who was it? Mir Jafar. Who was it? Mir Jafar. So this is an important fact. Keep in mind the one who betrayed the world in the war. He went and told him about it and was thinking of taking over his kingdom.

[00:41:03]Think a lot, this is flattering from the beginning that the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, the Battle of Plassey was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daula, he drowned in the Siraj and died after that who came, then Britain, that is, he came from Britain, the foundation of Robert Clive started getting laid here and it is being said that at the time of the Battle of Plassey, who was the commander of the Nawab of Bengal, who was Mir Jafar, Mir Jafar who betrayed the world in the war, he betrayed the world in the war, it means there was a belief in this, now suppose at what time we leave from here, at what time the coaching closes, only you people would know, yes, at what time do we start the class and you people betrayed the world by saying that yes, if you come at this time, then Manish Sir will meet you, you will shoot two bullets directly and you will be finished, so who betrayed the world, who Mir Jafar, who Mir Jafar, let's move ahead, who was the Mughal emperor at the time of the Battle of Plassey It was Alamgir II. When the battle of Plassey was taking place, the Mughal emperor was Alamgir II. It happened on 23 June 1757, in which poor Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated and the foundation of Robert Clive had started being laid.

[00:42:17]Who was the Mughal emperor at that time? It was Alamgir II. Who was Alamgir II?

[00:42:23]Who was Alamgir II? Who was Alamgir II? Let's move ahead. The Nawab of Bengal after the battle of Plassey. Now see what this guy has become. You see, who became the Nawab of Bengal?

[00:42:35]Mir Jafar. You see, it means betrayal. Earlier, he was the commander of the Nawab of Bengal. He was his commander. He went and told him in the battle.

[00:42:47]First, the poor guy died. Now he has said that he will remove him too.

[00:42:51]You will see, he made him the Nawab of Mir Jafar for a few days and then he removes him too. So keep in mind who became the Nawab of Bengal after the battle of Plassey. So, it was betrayal on Mir Jafar and this was the betrayal. Look here, he was the commander of the Nawab of Bengal at the time of the Battle of Plassey. The commander does not stand at the door with that stick. Earlier, I used to come to both the gates and ask, “Okay, tell me what work you have.” Isn't it? Then I used to let him enter and he went and told me that he comes at this time. This is what happens, I told you the entire process, what happened to the poor guy? Was defeated. Isn't it? Now look what has been done to Mir Jafar here.

[00:43:26]Who became the Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey? Mir Jafar. who became? Mir Jafar is saying that which war is considered to be the beginning of British rule in India? So when did the British men start coming? So from the Battle of Plassey i.e. 23 June 1757, 23 June 1757, when did the British people come to India and start their dominance? When the Battle of Plassey took place on 23 June 1757, it was fought between Robert Kalb and Siraj-ud-Daula. Isn't it? So poor Siraj-ud-Daula was defeated. And Robert Kalb had won.

[00:43:58]Now during the time of the Nawab of Bengal, he had betrayed the world, his Nawab was Mir Jafar, the commander of the Nawab of Bengal, and then Mir Jafar, when the battle of Plassey took place, Mir Jafar was again given a room there, tell me what was made there, he was made the Nawab of Bengal, the battle of Bandiwas took place in 1707, it is being said that the British did less by removing Mir Jafar, see, first Mir Jafar made his own place and when Mir Jafar was removed from there, then in 1760, after removing Mir Jafar, whom did the British make the Nawab of Bengal? So Mir Qasim was made. Now think, Mir Jafar has been removed. He would go out wearing Zafar and make Mir Qasim swear.

[00:44:40]So when did the Bandivas battle take place?

[00:44:43]In 1760, the British removed Mir Jafar, that is, in 1760, the British accepted their Mir Jafar. Think when was it made? The Battle of Plassey took place in 1757 and after three years he was again removed by Mir Jafar. And now whom have you made famous? Who was made Mir Qasim? To Mir Qasim. Isn't it? Now see, some points have been given. Babu, these incidents are such important facts that what should I tell you?

[00:45:05]How important it is. So you will have to remember.

[00:45:07]Tell about the Black Hole incident on 20 June 1756. 20 June 1756. Black Hole Event 20 June 1700 20 June 1756. So the black hole incident happened on June 20, 1756. Treaty of Alinagar 9 February 1757 Treaty of Alinagar 9 February 1757 Treaty of Alinagar 9 February 1757 9 February 1757 Battle of Plassey 23 Everyone remembers the Battle of Plassey, is it famous or not, this was the first one, this is famous, everyone remembers, next there was the Battle of Buxar, it is being said, 22 October 1764, 22 October 1764, what happened in Alinagar, 9 February 1757, 57, look at one thing, look at these three, what is there in these two, what was the Treaty of Alinagar, 9 February and what was the Black Hole, 20 June, what was the Black Hole, 20 June, remember, let's move ahead, the first Treaty of Allahabad was on 12 August and after four days, the second Treaty was done, so the first Treaty of Allahabad was on 12 August 1765 and the second Treaty will be said to be on 16 August 1765, 16 August 1765, now the Treaty of Banaras, Treaty of Banaras 1773 Treaty of Banaras Under the Regulating Act of 1773, the Supreme Court was also established in 1774 in Kolkata. Do you not remember? It was told in the Polity class, so remember that tell the Treaty of Alinagar on 9 February 1757.

[00:46:36]All this is directly asked in BPSC, that the Black Hole incident on 20 June 1756 and the Treaty of Alinagar on 9 February 1757, the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, the Battle of Buxar on 22 October 1764, the first Treaty of Allahabad on 12 August 1765 and the second one was on 16 August 1765 and the Treaty of Banaras on 1773, the Treaty of Banaras on 1773. Let us now go here. Some points have been given here, let us understand about it. It has been given here. What is given in the facts is that on 22 October 1764, in the Battle of Buxar, the British removed Mir Qasim. See, first of all, Mir Jafar was removed and whom was made the next Chief Minister?

[00:47:24]Mir Qasim was called Mir Qasim Abad. Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of another