Catédras abertas internacionais Human rights and environmental sustainability Threats to a globall

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[00:00:00][music] [music] [music] Don't Francisco, Professor Christian Philip Klein Fantastic.

[00:01:38]Professor Lucip English.

[00:02:44]Professor Christian Professor Christian Philip Young University, Professor Fore speech.

[00:04:11]Brazil please.

[00:04:43]Okay. Um so first of all I just want to thank you um professor Liliam uh for your kindness and for this invitation.

[00:04:53]So um I'm supposed to talk about something towards human rights, sustainability and what's our role, what's our purpose as citizens towards all these different issues that are going on in our global environment. So I have a small presentation that I would like to share with you tonight and I would like to start talking about the early concerns.

[00:05:20]So when we talk about the impact of the environment or when we talk about uh our concern towards this issue um the first thing that we have to to learn or to think about it is that it hasn't started now. Of course in the mid 20th century we have began to engage ourselves more into this subject but we have been talking about um the environment for for many years or for a thousand of years. So as as I share here in this slide the presentation the the impact of the of the environment on human life such as air water pollution started in the Roman times. So I I didn't mean started but uh it was recorded in the Roman times. So we used to have gutter in Rome. So if you go if you if you still go to Rome today, you can still find a path of gutter that they were that it was made to control some epidemics at the time, right? Such as typhus for example. So pollution was associated with the spread of epidemic diseases in Europe, right? So between late 14th century and the mid6th century um so they were worried about the soil conservation as well and this practice was made in China in India and Peru almost 2,000 years ago. So it's very interesting to to learn that uh this concern about the environment. It hasn't started now.

[00:07:18]Started a long time ago. Maybe was a little bit forgotten but it has been in our minds for a long time.

[00:07:31]But the way we see the environment today started taking form in the beginning of the 1960s.

[00:07:43]So in the beginning of the 1960s we have a lot of activism um towards the environment and at the time we we didn't even talk about the environment. We talk about ecological issues. So we're still talking about ecology, not the environment itself, but the ecology.

[00:08:05]So it was the establishment of green political movements, right? As I said, as a form of activism or the creation of non-governmental organizations. Okay.

[00:08:18]and the forming I think the the the the the starting of the po the the environmentalist political parties. So that was that was the beginning was was the time that things were taking form.

[00:08:35]But despite the diversity of the environmental movement, four [snorts] pillars provided a unifying theme to the broad goals of political ecology, protection of the environment, grassroots democracy, [snorts] social justice, and the nonviolence.

[00:08:58]But unfortunately at the time in the 1960s, ecology and this movement and the activism was still connected to um the hippie movement. So some of the pe al although I'm not criticizing here although they were very committed to the cause they were very engaged the the more traditional part of our society they didn't take them really seriously because um there were people young people and and very not committed into the society um people who didn't work. Um it was um in spite of the ecology they were also engaged in some other issues was during the Vietnam war in the United States.

[00:10:00]Um but they have done I think they were the pioneers. That's that's what I wanted to say. They were the pioneers.

[00:10:09]So they are the ones who made the first um act uh towards the the ecology. They had the the march of the green day in New York.

[00:10:22]So they they started this movement. So they were very important for for what we know as the environment today or the environment issues today.

[00:10:34]But like I said, unfortunately they didn't take a lot of credit from the traditional society.

[00:10:43]Um part of it and we have to understand this is that the international agenda at the time was divided.

[00:10:56]So the issues or the subjects that form the international agenda they were divided in high and low politics.

[00:11:07]So um everything that was concerning um for example uh let's see here military security diplomacy and geopolitical strategy was towards high politics. Now when we talked about economic distribution, social welfare, routine domestic administration, human rights for example, ecology or later the environment, they were seen as low politic issues.

[00:11:53]One thing that we have to understand is it's not that the low politics they didn't have any meaning or they were not important. They are not as important at the time in the theory of international relations.

[00:12:12]They are not important at the time as the high politics issues.

[00:12:18]One thing that we have to understand is that in the 1960s at that time we were living the highest of the cold war.

[00:12:29]So the world was divided and and the world was divided and and the world was afraid because they were in brick of a war although we didn't have a a declared war and the the cold war is also understood as a war of contention between the the Soviet Union and United States the NATO and the pto var of what we have to understand is that at any time at any given time someone could press a button and the world as we see as we understand would be destroyed.

[00:13:14]Sean, at the time the world of spies and with this threat of nuclear bombs, nukes and everything else, I mean, they didn't have much space to talk about the environment.

[00:13:36]So the the political leaders the statement they were not really concerned at the time about the ecology.

[00:13:46]They were concerned about how to defend themselves and how to prevent the world to be destroyed. Okay. So um that's why they understood these issues as of low politics.

[00:14:03]Is that clear? If if didn't didn't if if if you have if you have any questions and if you have any doubts please just I'm not gonna say raise your hand but um you can you can write it down and Lillian can ask me and and we can talk.

[00:14:17]Okay. So you don't have to wait for the whole presentation to ask any questions.

[00:14:22]So please feel free to ask anything if you want.

[00:14:27]One thing that helped topolized um the ecological the environmental issues at the time was that in the early 1980s the green parties they begin to be established in the world. Of course, they begin to be established in the countries that were more ecological orientated.

[00:15:00]So, of course, they started in Europe.

[00:15:03]So, I think the most successful example of a environmental party was the German Green Party, the Dunan that was founded in 1980.

[00:15:17]Although in the beginning they failed to have a lot of seats in the parliament right in the in the German parliament right they they they were able to within years in 1990 and in 1998 to form a coalition with the social democratic party and then to appoint as their leader Joshka Fisher who was appointed later as the country's foreign minister.

[00:15:52]So that gave us visibility, not us but them. The Green Party gave them visibility enough to go to other countries in Europe and this party begin to to grow and today the the the Green Party is very strong. It has been for wow more than more than 40 years right 40 46 years so it's it's a lot right it's a long time another thing that begin to grow and help people to be aware of the environmental problems environmental issues and to help the community and the society to tackle some of the problems was the environmental nos.

[00:16:54]So by late 1980s also um envir environmentalism had became a global as well as a national political force.

[00:17:08]So then we had the creation of organizations such as the green peace, friends of the earth, the worldwide life fund which establish a significant international presence with office throughout the world and centralized international headquarters to coordinate lobbying campaigns and to serve as campaign centers and information clearing houses for their national affiliate organizations.

[00:17:40]So transnational coalition building was and remains another important strategy for environmental organizations and for grassroots movements in developing countries primarily because it facilitates the exchange of information and expertise but also because it strengths lobbying and direct action campaigns at the international level. So basically what do they do in spite of u all the expertise that they bring along to help these nations?

[00:18:17]They also um build a network right to affiliate organizations and they facilitate the exchange of information. Okay. And also that they do the lobbying with the other governments, right?

[00:18:39]And they can [clears throat] on top of everything being they can be um a catalyzer of u information but they also once they are spread throughout the world um people can see this movement can be interested in this movement and can be some sort of a marketing campaign.

[00:19:09]towards the environment, okay? Because they are spread out and people start to get interested in the environmental issues. Okay, it's the question what do they do? Why they do it? Um why why there are so many people engaged in these situations, right? things that some people deny, some things that people are not aware of and some people even question things such as until today people question for instance the existence of climate change. Yes, I was talking to Lilian just before we started this um presentation. Um, I'm based in Brazilia and this time of the year we have the dry season and it's a dry season for over six months and we're just I think we're just in the middle of this dry season and and and never rains at this time of the year and I was telling her that it was it was raining very very heavily here, you know, and and and for me it was a surprise. times because that's something that never happens but it was happening you know but I if you go to some places because of political issues you will find a lot of businessmen and politicals uh campaigns and politicians saying and denying the existence of climate change right so it still happens in the 21st century is this kind of things are still going on today.

[00:21:02]Okay. So another important thing that happened between the late 70s and the beginning of 1980s was that um these these um NOS and some political movements and some activists they begin like I said to coordinate their actions and in order to coordinate their actions and to have validations in other countries.

[00:21:38]They affiliated to the United Nations and through the United Nations they form some commissions that responded to the environmental issues. And one of these commissions which was called the Brutland commission right was very important for us.

[00:22:06]Um it was very important because they were able to coin some very important documents documents terminologies that are still being used today. So the Brutland Commission, formerly the World Commission on Environmental Development was a suborganization of the United Nations that aimed to unite countries in pursuit of sustain sustainable development.

[00:22:38]It was found in 1983 when Javier Perez, the secretary general of the United Nations, appointed Crow Harland Brutland, who was the former prime minister of Norway as the chairperson of this commission. So Brutland was chosen due to her strong background in the sciences and public health.

[00:23:03]And like I said, why was this um this commission so important for us?

[00:23:11]Although the broader commission officially this s of 1987 they released this document our common future that is also known as the brutal report and this document popularized the term sustainable development in 1988.

[00:23:34]The center for common future replace this commission later on. And here it says as the term sustainable development. What it is? Sustainable development is understood as is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

[00:24:01]So it's it's it's it's very nice this um this term because it's very transcending I think um when we think about the future generations. So what's your legacy to the future generations when we talk about sustainability when we talk about the environment when we talk about development what what do you want to share what do we want to leave for the future generations so me I'm 50 years old what what am I leaving to you guys knowledge awareness is what what's my contribution to you as a citizen as a professor as a human being. Okay.

[00:24:55]So I think this is something that we have to ponder that we have to work on uh something that we have to incorporate in our in our daily basis. Okay.

[00:25:14]Now the breakthrough it came with the globalization.

[00:25:23]I mean globalization changed everything.

[00:25:27]Um so globalization was like I said just the was the breakthrough because with the the phenomena of globalization and with the advent of the internet things changed our lives changed um and the world that we understood in the 1980s collapsed ended.

[00:25:52]Um, I mean, I remember going to the banks and I had to wait on lines forever. I mean, to make a transaction or to pay a to pay a bill.

[00:26:06]Today, everything is done by the by by an app. You can use your cell phone. I mean, the cell phone today has more energy, power, capacity that the computers in the 1980s.

[00:26:22]>> [laughter] >> you're you you you walk with a personal computer in your in your pocket. So, um things change.

[00:26:34]Distances also changed.

[00:26:38]I mean, I remember Oh, I went to Europe.

[00:26:42]Wow, that's that was so far. That was that was so that was a dream. I mean, come on. you you were able to go to Europe was so expensive. It was so far away. I mean the the route the roots we didn't have so many flying roots. I mean we had to go to certain points some some checkpoints.

[00:27:10]I mean the world was divided so we couldn't go through one route or get to another. Uh I mean the airplanes itself, the aircrafts wasn't they weren't as technological as they are today. So um but what I meant is that the the the the barriers the frontiers and the spaces begin to shrink is that for example I don't know how many of you had the opportunity to go to for instance Paris and visit the Lou Museum.

[00:27:53]Maybe the majority, maybe a minority, maybe none of you, but I can guarantee one thing to you.

[00:28:04]You can get into the internet right now and you can access the Lou Museum site and you can make a tour a 360 tour in the museum and you can see every single piece of art that you're in that you are interested in and you don't have to pay a scent. You don't have to pay a penny to do that. I mean you can do it from the comfort of your home without spending any money. So this is this is this is very different.

[00:28:41]This is very interesting, right? And all of this was possible with the with the advent of of globalization. Right? So the distinction has faced empirical scrutiny particularly as globalization and interdependence review causal linkage where economic vulnerabilities low politics precipate security crisis high politics such as through resource dependencies or financial se sanctions. Critics including liberal instit instit institutionalists argue that binary character state priorities as evidenced by postcold war cases like trade negotiations influencing alliances formations or health pandemics elevating domestic policy to survival stakes. In two-level game analysis, domestic actors and substate dynamics further erode the separation with low politics bargaining constraining high politics commitments.

[00:29:58]Despite these challenges, the framework persists in explaining why states prioritize ex existential risks over distributive gains informing debates or whether economic affairs warrant equal analytical weight as security in casual models of international behavior. In other words, let me translate all of this to you.

[00:30:28]Um when we talk about inter interdependence in globalization is this all all the subjects in the international in the international agenda are connected.

[00:30:46]So that's that's I think the greatest breakthrough because for example when you're talking about military issues, you're talking about security. Okay, very nice. And you're talking about health issues, you have to understand that the health issue can be part of a military or a security issue. For example, the pandemic in the world was a matter of health or security. Was a matter of health and security. You can't divide health from security because they're both connected, right? Because um all right, we have to tackle this disease.

[00:31:32]We had we we we had to to to find a solution for that. the world had to get together to find a solution. Um, we had to develop a vaccine very fast because people were dying, right? Uh, 3,000 people a day in Brazil. There was there was a time that 3,000 people were dying a day in Brazil.

[00:32:01]In Brazil. Okay. There were countries where there where there were many more casualties, right? And of course there were countries where they had less okay according to their population as well, right? So we also have to understand the percentage of casualties.

[00:32:22]But um so the idea is that today we cannot divide the issues because everything's connected. Everything has an interdependence, right? For instance, when you talk about um financial issues, okay, economic issues, right? Economic issues later on can be considered a question of security, right? Um a question of health. Without money, you cannot buy medication.

[00:32:55]and the country cannot supply every single person with medication or for specific medications.

[00:33:06]Okay. So um and another thing that I mentioned before is that um with this world connection the countries were were forced to get connected to to attack some common interests and some common problems. Okay. And I think the greatest example that we might find here in in the latest history is the COVID pandemic that we faced three, four, five years ago also because of the oh another thing that I forgot to say is that in the late until the late 80s and the beginning of 1990s the world was also divided but the Soviet Union collapsed.

[00:34:08]So the countries that once formed the Soviet Union and they became independent.

[00:34:17]So independent to choose whatever they want to do, right? So they were not um part of a coalition and they had more freedom to choose what they wanted to do and what issues were important for their own agenda. Okay? So they didn't have to follow the party agenda anymore. Okay?

[00:34:44]But going on, moving on, [snorts] in the in the 1990s, we begin to have the global environmental conferences because now as independent countries, we could sit together to talk about important issues for us such as the environment. Okay.

[00:35:08]So, like I told you um before we had the Stockholm conference in 1972, right? Then we had um I think the the greatest mark came in the real earth summit in 1992 as we call in Portuguese novente followed up by the Rio plus 5 in 1997 the Rio plus 10 in 2002 and the Rio plus 20 in um 2022. two and so on. And we still have um these committees uh reinforcing the global commitment to tackle environmental issues. Okay. And they're all associated to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is also called UNF CCC and the Convention on Biological Diversity, the CBD. Okay.

[00:36:18]What were the definitions?

[00:36:21]So the Stockholm declaration, a framework for global environmental governance, the real earth summit, we had the birth of sustainable development, the agenda 21, which was a blueprint for global action. The UNF, CCC, and the CBD, they brought up the legal instruments born from Rio. the follow-up summits, Real Plus 5 and Real Plus 10, they brought the key outcomes of Rio Plus 10. And we still have the these commissions going on um from time to time where we have the legacy and impact shaping future global policies. Okay.

[00:37:07]Right [snorts] now, where do we stand today?

[00:37:15]ecological awareness. Okay. I think now um we have the mo the the the movement going on as as as [snorts] the actor of the state the state actor acting in behalf of their citizens. But when it comes to ecological awareness is the citizen thinking in behalf of the state.

[00:37:45]So natural resources are the source of goods and services that sustain our life on planet earth. So its conservation will allow and ensure the existence of biodiversity and obviously our existence.

[00:38:04]Precisely for this reason, it's essential to generate ecological awareness in principle to make visible and to individualize the environmental problems that exist. Then to take action on the matter and finally to change our way of relating to the environment and achieve sustainable development that ensures the preservation of the environment.

[00:38:30]So we have some examples that we can do.

[00:38:35]Um we can start recycling. For example, we can start to compost some of our organic waste.

[00:38:47]We can reduce the consumption of non reusable materials.

[00:38:53]We can do what else can we do? choose bicycles as a means of transportation. For example, um today we have those um those tricycles uh electrical tricycles as well, right? Uh I I don't know if you guys have it in Baragansa, but I have seen through uh many different places, many different cities that I have visited in Brazil. Um so they have this this this very ecological way of transportation.

[00:39:27]We can eat local and seasonal foods, right?

[00:39:34]Um we can do not promote the flora and the fauna market and we can pay attention to the use of water.

[00:39:46]to that very specific example.

[00:39:50]Um I would like to ask you how many liters of water do you use a day? So how many how many how many liters of water for instance Lydian I'm going to ask you a question.

[00:40:06]Okay.

[00:40:09]How many liters of water do you think you use a day?

[00:40:15]I mean I mean just you I'm not talking about you and your family. Lillian is married and she also has a little boy.

[00:40:22]But just you Lion, how many how many liters of water do you think you use a day? For example, we know that people have to drink about two to two lit two to three liters a day, right? Yeah.

[00:40:45]Um, what else? We know that. Uh, right.

[00:40:50]Lillian, >> hi there.

[00:40:54]>> I can't answer that question. I I really don't know. But I know it's a lot. It's a lot.

[00:41:00]>> Yeah, it's a lot. I mean, I I >> was thinking about my showers, for example. They're not long showers.

[00:41:07]>> They're like what? 10 minutes long. But you know, 10 minutes long and water flowing and there's water flowing. But I must say something. I recycle and I compost. [laughter] >> Very good. You're doing bad.

[00:41:24]>> You're doing your part.

[00:41:24]>> If I may, Professor Klein, talking about eating local and seasonal foods, >> you know that slow food movement, it started in Europe some time ago. How's it going nowadays? I haven't heard much of it lately.

[00:41:44]>> Yeah. Well, well, that's the thing. Um, it's a trend, right? Um, I think it's still a trend, right? The problem of trends is that they come and go.

[00:42:01]>> Yeah.

[00:42:02]>> And um sometimes it becomes a hit, right? Mhm.

[00:42:08]>> Um, and sometimes they become a hit. They stay for a long time, but then later it's totally forgotten.

[00:42:22]So, I it's it's a it's a difficult question. I don't really have an answer for you right now. But one thing I can tell you for sure is not as an important movement as used to be 10 years ago.

[00:42:38]>> Which is really sad.

[00:42:40]>> Yeah. Because 10 years ago was very strong, was very popular, right? It was a big hit, right? It was >> Yep.

[00:42:47]>> They really nailed this one. They scored. But I think nowadays >> all against fast food. I remember that very well.

[00:42:57]that I think I I think what happens I think with the pandemic >> uh for sure >> and the pandemic needs because people didn't cook >> or because people didn't cook as much because they didn't go to the supermarkets and it was very expensive >> to order food.

[00:43:19]>> Yes.

[00:43:20]>> In the supermarkets or the grocery stores. So some people cooked, some people didn't. Um but one thing that increased a lot during the pandemic was um Uber Eats, right? And all the food delivery >> and I think they got a comeback. I mean the the strong fast food franchises >> during the pandemic, >> they hit back. I think there was their comeback, you know. So, I think this I I think the the movement, the slow food movement didn't didn't stop to exist, didn't finish, but is not as strong as used to be. This this >> and now it's def something that I can stated what >> and now it's default again.

[00:44:13]>> Yeah, exactly. Yeah. Unfortunately, >> I see.

[00:44:17]>> Yeah. But thank you very much, Lydian.

[00:44:21]The the the water the water use it's it's incredible high.

[00:44:27]Um a family can waste up to 100 liters a day.

[00:44:36]>> Very easily I think.

[00:44:38]>> Yes. And and that's a lot. I mean when when we think about a country like Brazil where we have a lot of water it's one thing but when we think about other countries they're in the middle of the desert and it's it's it's the water supply I mean then it's something to be very very considerated right with the with the waste of water But >> but you know I'm sorry professor just before moving on.

[00:45:16]>> Okay.

[00:45:17]>> And now >> no I was thinking that it it may it may get worse you know because we we waste a lot of water through our routine.

[00:45:28]>> Yeah.

[00:45:29]>> In everyday activities. But sometimes it gets worse. I remember when I was young [laughter] and I used to walk a lot through the neighborhood close to the university, you know, and I used it to see a lot of people washing the sidewalk.

[00:45:45]>> Oh, yeah. And washing their cars as well.

[00:45:47]>> Yes. And washing their cars. And I used to argue with people. Can you believe it? [laughter] >> I was young. I wasn't afraid of anything, you know, and I used to argue a lot about that because we do have a lot of water here in Brazil, but it's just not fair. We shouldn't be wasting that much.

[00:46:05]>> No. And and and we have some Okay. In Brazil, we have a lot of water, but in some parts we have more, in some parts we have less.

[00:46:13]>> So, it's it's it's it's not like uh we have the same amount of water everywhere in Brazil >> and for everybody. Not everybody has access to it. But not everybody can pay for it. That's horrible.

[00:46:25]>> Yes, it is. So it's it's water. It's not a free asset to anyone. You have to pay for the water, right? For the water consumption. But the question that remains is and now how how how can we see today the environment issues in our contemporary lives? Um uh one one thing that I learned from a professor I had and I really like what he said is that um today the depths that we have in the financial in financial area is the same. The same problem that we have in the banks and and and in the financial area in this economical crisis is the same attitude that we have with the environmental crisis. And I said, I'm trying to understand the analogy really didn't quite get it. And he explained, he said one thing, what what's the problem about how do you get bankrupt?

[00:47:38]you get more loans in the bank and you can afford to pay them off. So you keep getting loans to pay the prior loans and at the end it became a snowball and you can't pay them back, right? So you end up bankrupt.

[00:48:02]how it is with the environmental crisis.

[00:48:08]We draw the sources resources h from our planet from its biodiversity, forests, ozone layer, everything.

[00:48:28]But we don't pay the earth back. And it's more difficult to pay the earth back.

[00:48:38]So mother nature's mother nature one day will talk to you and say, "Hey, you owe me this and you haven't been paying me back."

[00:48:51]And that's how you get into crisis because you don't pay the mother earth back, right? So you you keep cashing, you keep cashing, you keep getting loans, but you don't pay them back, right? So for example, and and this is with the fauna, this is with the flora, this is with everything, right? So things that we had in abundance years ago, they don't exist anymore, right? And and and and when we talk about sustainable development that we're leaving a legacy to the future generation, we see that that's not happening. Okay.

[00:49:40]So what I want to leave with you guys tonight is the idea that sometimes we leave some simple actions and we transfer our personal responsibility to the government. We leave the personal responsibility that we have to the state. But you as a citizen what can you do? What are you doing? You know, what are some of the things that you can do to improve the situation of the environment in your community, in your country, in your house, in your family?

[00:50:23]What can you do as a citizen to improve the quality of the environment issues in your surrounding? So that's that's the question that I want to leave with you guys tonight. I mean instead of speaking bad about ah this politician the government and and today we we're doing this a lot. I mean we have a [snorts] we have some difficult times not only in Brazil but in the world the world has been divided you know left right I mean it's very difficult to talk to anybody about environment because ah this is a leftist oh this is the right wing I mean no no no it's not left this is not right this is an important issue that we have to understand and we have to tackle its problems that's only that I mean it has nothing to do with the right or left. It has to do that we live in this place and we have to make it a better place for us to live and for our kids for our grandkids for you students. That's the contribution that Lelium me university our society we have to leave for you. So basically that's what I wanted to share with you tonight. I thank you again for this opportunity and I invite you all to think differently about the environment and to think or to rethink our attitude towards the environment. Thank you again. Have a good night.

[00:52:14]>> Thank you so much, Professor Klene. It was great to know all of those details about well like the history of this kind of thinking of this kind of worry for all of us. I don't know. Should we keep chatting in English?

[00:52:33]>> It's up to you.

[00:52:34]>> Shall we switch back to Portuguese again? [laughter] >> That's You're the boss.

[00:52:42]>> What does the audience says? Let me see here. people, would you have any comments or questions?

[00:52:52]Because again, it's better when it's a dialogue.

[00:52:58]By the way, thanks for inviting me to to the chat, professor.

[00:53:02]>> Okay, my pleasure.

[00:53:05]>> It's always nice to contribute even though I just said I wasn't a very thoughtful young lady. I used to argue with people in the streets.

[00:53:17]That's fine. You're doing your part.

[00:53:21]>> I always had this kind of ecological thought, you know.

[00:53:25]>> Oh, that's great. That's great.

[00:53:26]>> But I always feel I'm not doing enough cuz you know, I recycle, I compost, but well, I'm still having long showers. I wouldn't say long, but 10 minutes long.

[00:53:37]It's not.

[00:53:38]>> Yeah. I I guarantee I guarantee that you that it used to be longer >> probably as as we engage in this kind of situation and we we tend to to rethink our attitudes and probably when you were a young girl still conscious >> still aware of these problems maybe your showers were longer and today they're not because you're more of course engaged >> yeah I used to be >> I used to have long hair But now I've got a short haircut, so it's kind of sustainability, too.

[00:54:13]>> Yes. And it takes it takes less time to dry it as well. So, I mean, it's different kinds of engagement, right?

[00:54:23]>> And now my hair is all it's a bad hair day.

[00:54:27]>> Okay.

[00:54:29]So, guys, any questions? Portuguese, English, and any other language? It's up to Lydian. She can answer. [laughter] Right.

[00:54:38]>> No, not German, please. Not Japanese.

[00:54:41]Those are languages. I I can't speak >> Chinese, right? [laughter] >> My goodness.

[00:54:47]>> Maybe French, right? Okay.

[00:54:51]>> It's better German. It's better German.

[00:54:53]>> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Duncan should know.

[00:55:13]various Professor, Professor Lucas Alon Academil for Brazil.

[00:56:52]mainream.

[00:57:10]See is internationaliz.

[00:57:36]Nice events.

[00:57:57]Francisco [laughter] Christian code switch first And I've got a question.

[00:58:34]Go ahead.

[00:58:37]How to promote human rights in a local context? How can we spread these ideas?

[00:58:45]>> So, how to promote human rights in a local context? How can you spread these ideas?

[00:58:50]Well, basically, Beno, it starts with you.

[00:58:55]Um, I mean, we think about something big, [clears throat] right? As we think about environment, we think about human rights, we also think about something big. I think the first thing that we we we can do about human rights awareness, it starts when you know that you have human rights and someone else's have to.

[00:59:25]>> All right? I mean that you can go to a certain point with your life because you you there is a boundary because you have to respect someone else's boundary. I think um I think the first thing that we can do is awareness.

[00:59:43]Okay. I have rights, they have rights and we have to learn how to live together. I think that's that's a very good thing. We live in a democratic state.

[00:59:57]So I have some opinions, someone else's also.

[01:00:04]We have to learn how to live together.

[01:00:07]For example, Lily and I, we're friends.

[01:00:09]We work together and we like to work together.

[01:00:13]Do we share the same opinion everything?

[01:00:17]No, we don't. Right.

[01:00:20]But we we can live in harmony. Right?

[01:00:24]And I think this is evolution.

[01:00:28]This is this is this is a very key of evaluation of evolution is when we think differently and we can live in harmony in peace together.

[01:00:43]Even though she's an atheist, I am a Christian. She is left. I'm right. She's rich. I'm poor. She's healthy. I'm sick.

[01:00:56]Right. I mean, it's okay.

[01:00:58]>> They're all fictional examples. Okay.

[01:01:00]>> All right. Yes. [laughter] But we we have to learn how to do this and we have to live by example.

[01:01:10]That's very important thing. I mean if you say something and you do completely different I mean nobody takes you seriously and for example and now what can you do in your community to enhance or to promote human rights I I I give you a question I don't know if I answer you but I I I gave you back another question What can you do to promote? I mean, live by example, awareness, but I I we work a lot with the MBAs, right, Lillian?

[01:01:55]And and one of the things that we we learn to use the first thing we do is a SWAT analysis when we are trying to understand or to have a better diagnosis of a situation of a corporation of a community. So for example when we do this analysis we really understand what we can do to improve this situation in our community in our local community. So what are the strong points the weak points the the the the threats right the opportunities right so for example you will be able to through these analysis I think now trying to answer your question through these analysis you'll be able to find a better opportunity to work in your local community because sometimes and I'm not talking about human rights I'm talking about any issue sometimes s we want to do what we know how to do. We want to do what is easy to do, right?

[01:03:07]Oh, that's that's too difficult. That's going to take a lot of effort. That's going to take a lot of money. [snorts] Uh, no. Right. So, we do some kind of a face lifting, a makeup, you know. Okay.

[01:03:21]No, it's going to get it's going to get better. It's not going to solve the problem. We're not going to sort it out anything, but I mean at least we'll look better. No, that's that's and that's what we want to do. We need to do what the society, the community, the local area needs. And when we understand what they need, we can get together in the community, make a brainstorm to understand with um low um we can we can think with low funding or with a limited resources we can do to tackle these problems that were specified. part in this analysis. Okay, I think I have I think I I have spoken a lot and I don't know if I answer your question, but I I hope I did.

[01:04:20]>> Well, I'm switching back to Portuguese now because I would like to talk about something really local and really present for us.

[01:04:36][clears throat] Christian brainstorming.

[01:05:43]Sustainability.

[01:06:04]Foreign speech. Foreign foreign foreign speech.

[01:06:18]Amazon.

[01:06:50]Economies How to promote my Foreigne speech.

[01:07:55]No, no.

[01:08:10]For example, my No compost.

[01:09:11]cholesterol.

[01:09:21]Foreign speech. Foreign speech.

[01:09:57]>> [laughter] >> So supplier for example compost.

[01:10:31]forgor.

[01:11:11]wasn't Brazil.

[01:12:03]Are you feeling sit down?

[01:12:10]Fore [laughter] speech.

[01:12:31]This is my Is that >> [snorts] >> Christian.

[01:13:28]Just Christian.

[01:13:55]foreign.

[01:14:25]Champ it again.