C- 14 | Hospital & Dispensing Pharmacy - Complete Syllabus -I | Vijaya Prasthanam AP & TG PGECET

Added: 2026-05-27

[00:02:10]Hello hello hello good evening everyone whoever is attending this lecture I hope I am very much audible for everyone still 1 minute to go so kindly join everyone one.

[00:02:39]Okay. So in today's session we will be discussing complete syllabus. Absolute complete discussion of syllabus of which subject?

[00:02:51]The subject is hospital and dispensing pharmacy. Again these are shorter subject kind of short and sweet subject and marks taking also. So you have to you have to focus on such kind of subject and try to do it like don't give so much time but do give some time to this kind of subject because they can give you free marks kind of what is a free marks because they asked very easy questions from such topic and if you are doing basic things from this topic then you are done to get those marks okay so we will be discussing one by one total 30 MCQ with explanation all right so we'll We'll start with today's session. Anybody having any doubt present in the live session can definitely put their comment in the comment box. Okay. So we'll start with the session. The very first question from your hospital and dispensing pharmacy is the full form. They are asking full form becomes very very important. You must understand that full forms can give you free absolute free marks if you know them. So what is medlars? Medlar stand for medical literature analysis and retrieval system medical library archive and research system medical data literature and review system and medical learning and retrieval system. So if suppose sometime you don't know what the question is asking about. So you can also use your brain and try to check whether this bedl is having any association. If you know some bit of information then you can associate. Yes, somewhere I have uh learned that L is this particular is uh this particular word is associated with literature somewhere then you can definitely uh come towards 50/50 option because literature is present here literature is present here so this will get eliminated or else what you can do is such kind of question the examiner certainly gives you hint in the question itself by checking the option you can definitely tell that M is for medical that is for And similarly you can match the other words and take a guess. If you have to if you have to attempt this question in that case only you don't have to do guess work at all. But suppose you are not able to solve many question and you have to solve this question then you can do it by that way also. Okay. So you got to know that system S for system or source. But I can see examiner is hinting to me that S is system because he have given the chances of system getting correct in three options.

[00:05:27]Understood? This is how you have to uh get a you have to think from a examiner perspective rather than just strifying all the topics. Use some analysis uh used to do you have to do some certain kind of analysis with the question so that you can understand the pattern the examiner is working upon and examiner wants you to think from that perspective you have to decode it. So when you see this that S could be system or source but what I can see is examiner want us to remember that S is for system that's why he have given out of four like three option has system in it that means that is most probably the correct answer so you are done with this option gone incorrect now similarly you can do further thing whether it is analysis retrieval so I can see retrieval they have given for two times that means somewhere the retrieval could also come in the answer. So accordingly the answer is medical literature analysis and retrieval system. Okay. So option A is correct answer. The the literature of medical literature analyzing those literature and uh retrieving it and getting the information out of it is the mediar. Similarly NML let me zoom it out for you people is national medical library. Micromemedex is nothing but it is a micro computer. Even if you don't know anything try to get a hint word out of it. Suppose micro medex you should remember micro and micro. So it is something related to micro computer because you have understood that by learning this table that micro medex is something related to computer itself. So whenever you have certain option in it where computer is mentioned then you can very well choose that option. Similarly PNI is nothing but pharmaceutical news index. So N is for news. Okay. Next is IPA in international pharmaceutical abstract. Then biosis bioscience information service. Medline is Medelar online. MBAS is certain kind of base.

[00:07:27]See MBAS has a word base in it. So you have to understand that there could be a database associated with it. So this is how if you can relate your question, if you can relate your question or the uh short form which is given, so it will be very well clicked on your mind and linked in your mind. Right? Then next is EBM is evidence-based medicine. Very widely asked question. This EBM is very widely asked question. Ideis are nothing but indepth interviews. So kindly remember this also.

[00:07:58]Next question. Which of the following drug pair is an example of Lassa drug names? This is Lassa is look alike sound alike. Okay. The short form is Lassa. So acetaminophen and acetazolamide paracetamol ibuprofen, aspirin, warpherine, amoxiciline and cyprofluxic.

[00:08:16]What do you think which is the lassa drug? Can anybody answer in the comment box if anybody knows it or else we will be seeing it? Don't worry. What is lassa drug? They are either the spelling look alike or whenever we are pronouncing it or we are speaking about it. They sound alike. So either they will sound alike or while looking at their spellings they look alike. So out of the four option what you can see here is that acetaminophen and acetylolomide these are the lassa drug paracetamine they are not similar sounding aspirin warfering similar sounding but after looking at this you can definitely get an differentiate them again not a lassad so option A will become the correct answer. Good evening Hurana. A will be correct answer. This is the lassar drug example.

[00:09:07]Okay. So acet acetaminophene acettoolamide.

[00:09:13]Next is metformin, metronidazzole, citriine, certraline, codin, loadin.

[00:09:18]This is how the lassa drug work. They get confused and this kind of drug generally leads to one kind of incompatibility that is known as therapeutic incompatibility. There are three kind of incompatibility as I already told P PCT that is physical incompatibility, chemical incompatibility and therapeutic incompatibility. So in this therapeutic incompatibility when the physician when the physician get confused when the physician get confused with the name and write the different name onto the prescription then this leads to drug error right. So prescription error. So this is due to the Lassa drug. Lasso in the sense look alike sound alike and that's why option A is correct answer yes it is Qurana yes it is acetaminophane acetylolomide they are look alike similarly metformin metronidazol even you people know this thing but sometimes it can get confused with the physician itself okay next the band-aid prepared from fabrics with cotton wrap and wool weft is domain bandage bandage, stretch bandage, camric bandage and cotton stretch bandage. What do you think? Which kind of bandage? Have you seen it?

[00:10:36]They are like interwoven bandage from the fibers of the cartel. They are creating that is interwoven kind of thing. And this kind of bandage is known as do bandage. Okay. You can similarly check the picture out of for the other other options so that you can understand which bandage they are asking about.

[00:10:58]This is the domet bandage inelastic heavy cliy bandage prepared out of fabric woolft or cotton wrap. So whenever this particular key terms will be associated with any kind of bandage then it is talking about domain bandage itself.

[00:11:14]Next question. Hospital pharmacy deals with supply of ancillary products, storage of biological products, purchase of inventory drugs and both A and B.

[00:11:23]What do you think hospital pharmacy they are talking about? They are talking about hospital pharmacy that means the pharmacy which is present in hospital.

[00:11:31]So what they deal with supposedly they deals with everything purchase of inventory drug why don't hospital pharmacy will purchase an inventory drug don't you think hospital pharmacy will supply the ancillary products will store the biological product as well as purchase of the inventory drugs inventory in the sense the stock the stocking they has to check on the stocking as well so both A B and C that means all of them is our correct answer Okay. So option D will be correct answer because they will also see on the ancillary product associated auxiliary product ancillary product biological products. Then next is inventory purchasing and inventory that means stocking related thing. So stocking itself comes under the main category of a hospital pharmacy. Right?

[00:12:19]So they also have to deal with the stocking purpose. So that's why option D will be our correct answer. All of this rather than A and B.

[00:12:27]Okay.

[00:12:29]Next the minimum area required for store room of 700 bed hospital 1,600 ft² 2400 and 3600 square ft². Sometimes examiner will be doing one thing which one thing then that he will be changing the unit out of it. Suppose he is keeping the correct answer as it is.

[00:12:50]Suppose I'm taking for example only that 1,600 is if the correct answer then he will be doing 1600 will be everywhere and just changing the unit that is centime square uh square ft then me²ared suppose like this. So in that case this will become a tougher question. So a question become tough not because of the not because of the question but because of the options.

[00:13:15]A question is tough just because of the option it has been framed upon. Now this question will be easy because it is just asking you for the square feet a proper exact number. But what if they just change the unit and tell you try to identify it then it will become an difficult question. So that's why here the option correct is for 700 bed hospital we required 1,600 square ft itself. Okay do remember the unit as well. Unit become important in our field. Okay unit become important in our field. So you have to remember it.

[00:13:51]So according to hospital pharmacy the store room is decided based on the number of hospital bed. So how much bigger this bigger the hospital? We need a bigger store room. We need to keep the inventory to the fullest level.

[00:14:04]According to the number of hospital bed, according to number of hospital bed the number of patient will be decided and according to number of patient the hospital pharmacy the density of a population at hospital pharmacy will get decided. So that's why the store room is dependent directly dependent on the number of hospital bed. So that's why when I talk about 700 bed hospital the minimum recommended area is minimum recommended area is 1,600 square ft.

[00:14:34]Sterility test for the material meant for surgical suture requires incubation for how many days? 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days or you think anybody in the room can answer sty test for the material for surgical suture. Incubation period to check out whether it is sterile or not or microorganism growth is happening or not. Incubation period for how many days? 7 14 21 and 28 please do remember when I talk about sutures niharika please make sure that whenever I'm talking about suture surgical suture it is 14 days okay 2 weeks 2 weeks or 14 days is the correct answer when you get certain question as incorrect try to note it down in your notebook and revise it at the end of the day okay this will make this will ensure that you will not make such mistake again.

[00:15:35]14 days is our correct answer according to USP. Okay. All the sterile medical devices including the sutures must be kept for 14 days usually which medium.

[00:15:45]Now here in this particular slide what all thing become important according to USP. They are talking about USP. Then all the surgical medical devices 14 days is important and which medium these are two medium fluid thiolycolate medium and soya bein case and digest occur. Okay and this is usually we are doing stability test to check the growth of microorganism. So if you are just keeping it for 7 days and suppose on the eth day some microorganism have the ability to grow. So that's why minimum average day they keep this for is 14 days. So on uh on average 14 days because even if a slow growing microorganism will be there then he will grow by that time. So we can get to understand that whether our product is sterile or not. Okay.

[00:16:35]And next this classic question how many pharmacist how many pharmacists are required for the hospital which has 500 beds. How many hospital how many pharmacists are required? The classic table you must remember is whenever I give you bed and the number of pharmacists which are required. So please do remember bed will be first up to 50 beds then next is 50 to 100 beds, 200 beds, 300 beds and 500 beds. Okay. So 50 100 200 300 and 500. And next the pharmacist strength it should start with 3 then 5 3 + 5 is 8 and then simple 10 and 15.

[00:17:25]Okay. So whenever I'm talking about up to 550 then we require three pharmacist.

[00:17:33]If it is up to 100 bed hospital then five pharmacists are required 200 bed then eight pharmacist 300 bed then 10 pharmacist 500 bed then 15 pharmacist is required. This question is very very very important from this topic from hospital pharmacy in several examination you will get this question because this is a very very classic question the examiner always loves to ask. So please make sure you have remembered this table. If you find any doubt, please remember like a trick.

[00:18:08]This is an odd, this is odd, then this both are even then odd. So it is two odd then even then again odd. So this is the way or you can simply remember it is starting with three then five. So 3 + 5 is 8. Then similarly sim similarly 5 2's are 10 and 3's are 15. This is how you can also remember it. But just don't mess this up. You can simply mess here.

[00:18:35]Why? Because after 300 you can go for 400 year which is not the case. You have to remember it is after 300 we have to go for 500 and not 400. So in 500 bed hospital it is talking about how many pharmacist there are total 15 pharmacist. Eight is present in 200 bed hospital. 10 are present in 300 bed hospital and we require five for the 100 bed hospital.

[00:19:00]Okay.

[00:19:05]Next. The bed range for small hospital is below 100, 100 to 500, 500 to,000 and above 1,000. Please make sure you also remember this thing. A basic classic question for a small bed hospital or for small hospital there are three categories of hospital. One will be Raj Hospital, one will be medium hospital and one will be small hospital. Okay.

[00:19:29]large, medium and small. When I talk about large hospital then thousand plus beds will be there. Thousand plus beds will be there. When I talk about medium hospital then it will be 500 to,000 bed.

[00:19:44]Okay. Large hospital means that hospital has 1,000 plus bed. Medium hospital means that hospital has 500 to,000 range of bed. And when I talk about the small hospital, it is having from 100 to 500 bed system.

[00:20:00]Okay. Now for small hospital they are asking. So you can simply go for option B that is 100 to 500 bedding system they have and accordingly they are classified into small hospital.

[00:20:14]Understood?

[00:20:16]Here for example there are several kind of hospital based on size. The size based of hospital they are categorizing them into the this large, medium and small. There are certainly based on cost efficiency. There will be a light hospital, there will be budget hospital, right? Then based on the ownership they will be having based on ownership either it will be a private hospital, it will be a government hospital. So and so and so accordingly the the hospitals are getting classified. So here they are typically asking from a size perspective. So large hospital example is given here King George Medical University of Lucknau which is having the strength of 4500 beds. Then Bombay hospital in Mumbai 700 beds come under the category of medium hospital and Hinduja hospital again in Mumbai 175 beds comes under the category of small hospital.

[00:21:14]Next central government hospital is which of them? Session hospital Pune as it is as all India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Victoria Hospital, Bangaluru and BMC hospital Mumbai. What do you think they're asking for? Central government. If you know that we have central government and we have state government. State governments look after a particular state. A particular state, it will look after a particular state.

[00:21:43]Central government is overall looking over to our nation from a national perspective from nation perspective central government uh keep on working and state government from the state perspective their individual state perspective.

[00:21:58]Now if I go on this then you can see that BMC is again comes under the government hospital then BMC could be an answer right but this is not the case because they are not just asking you that which of them is a government hospital they are asking you which among them is the central government hospital.

[00:22:16]So have you you have seen right whenever the vacancies are also coming they will come from the central part or they will be coming from a state specific part. So whenever the railway vacancies are coming they are from the central government part not from state part even though that the vacancies are divided in the state but they are coming from the center right similarly central government in the sense the central government's rules and regulation will be uniform throughout the nation similarly the central government hospitals is option B as you can find as in any state wherever it is present it you can find it everywhere okay everywhere in the sense in state it will having the same name of a because it is a central government hospital. The center administered this particular hospital. The rules and regulations are as per the central government not as per any state government not as per any state government even though it is present in a particular state but still it is following the rules and regulation of a central government under the control of central government. So as is that particular hospital. Now BMC will be under a particular state. If I talk about Mumbai then it will be under the state of Maharashtra. So the Maharashtra government will look after this hospital rather than the central government. So option B will be our correct answer.

[00:23:36]See again here the state government session hospital in Pune it is a state government. Uh then again here the state government and BMC municipal corporation BMC that is again under the state government I could say and BMC is local municipality arranged right. So in the municipal areas so here the municipality or municipal corporation generally administered this particular area. So there is we having a central government below central government we have state government and state government below we have a local bodies. Inside the local bodies we have punchiats and municipalities. So local body will look after the local areas like panchayat areas and municipalities areas. State government will look after the state and state government can uh se several time gives instruction to the local bodies as well. Okay, this is a polity part but still you should understand this.

[00:24:28]Next question. The increase in floor space requirement for hospital pharmacy per bed for 100 bed is per bed for 100 bed how much floor spacing should increase? Suppose I am increasing my hospital size 100 beds. Suppose I'm automatically increasing the beds in the hospital by 100 beds. So how much floor area should I increase so that the spacing between the spacing between the beds could remain automatically uniform.

[00:24:58]So how much it is five square m 10 square m see square meter they are taking okay not square please remember this thing. So 12 square m 5 10 6 or 12.

[00:25:09]Please make sure that you remember whenever per 100 bed then it is 10 square m. Okay. Because per 100 bed the increase in size should be 10 square m.

[00:25:22]Whenever I talk about per 200 bed then it should be increase in 6 square m and if it is 200 plus then it should be 5 square m increase in size. Please do remember this thing. You are having 100 beds. So uh spacing requirement should be increased by 10 square m per bed.

[00:25:43]When I talk about 200 bed then if it is 200 band then you cannot go on giving a spacing of 10 square m. This will be too much like it should be having a so much space. So here the spacing requirement get certain get restricted and that's why only 6 square m is enough. And whenever it is going above 200 that means now we have to definitely restrict our spacing spacing between two hospital to a minimum level and not to so minimum level that two beds are attached to each other but a proper uniform level. So it is 5 square m.

[00:26:16]Okay. So if it is 100 bed then we can adjust it uh like 10 square m but if it is getting increased to 200 then 6 then 200 plus then 5 square m. Accordingly, option B is our correct answer.

[00:26:31]Okay. So, you can check this explanation as well here see other important thing you can remember here whenever I am talking about the area for 50 beds we have 200 and five.

[00:26:51]Please do also remember this thing. If it is a area in square ft a 50 bed hospital how much area it is? Area is 205 square ft. Then when I talk about 100 bed hospital the area is 630 square ft. So it is 205 then 630 and then almost around 1200. So 1180 or you can almost around remember 1200. So remember it approximately 200 approximately 1200.

[00:27:20]Please do remember 200 bed hospitals approximately 1 1200 uh is the square meter area required. Why this is important? Because suppose they automatically ask you any other bed hospital then accordingly you can judge and give an approximate answer. Okay, if you know this next you can remember that as per schedule M. In schedule M they have given that minimum 250 square ft area is essential for hospital pharmacy. So this is an again classical question which is generally asked that how much minimum area is required for a hospital pharmacy in an hospital. So in hospital pharmacy a minimum of 250 square ft of area is required for an hospital pharmacy in any hospital minimum 250 square meter. Okay.

[00:28:08]And this increase in spacing whenever I am tying whenever I am telling you that minimum spacing requirement for auda siddha yunani drug remember it is 1200 square ft okay fora siddha yuni drug it is minimum 1200 square ft okay and this particular slide is important and I told you which all important thing you must remember now based on that this is the question kindly answer me this question just a Turn it up.

[00:28:54]Yes, this is just now I told you for 50 beds also I told you the area similarly they are asking you tell me which is the answer total recommended floor area for 50 bed hospital pharmacy is 105 sorry 205 630 and 1180 just now I told you whenever it is above 50 then it is 205 Whenever I'm talking about talking about this 630 for what and 1100 400 and this is for 200 right accordingly we have seen here 50 100 and 200 205 630 and 1100 or 1200 approximately reporting of ADRs within the hospital is facilitated by who facilitated this essential ial medicine department drug tariffs hospital formulary and pharmacco vigilance program. See by looking at this particular question only the one option which is associated with the ADR is option D rather than this nothing in this uh apart from this only I could say hospital formula is somewhat indirectly relate to the ADRs or else nothing in this option will be relating to the question suppose I'm talking about the first essential medicine what is essential medicine which are required for hospital pharmacy to run properly okay medicine which is required The inventory or the stock of those medicine which is required for a pharmacy or for a hospital to run properly on day-to-day basis are called as essential medicine. Okay. So this has to do nothing with ADR. Next is deduct tariff. Tariff in the sense tax.

[00:30:44]Now ADR and tax has no relation at all.

[00:30:47]So this is again get eliminated. Now we remember there are two option hospital formulary and pharmaccovigilance program. In hospital formulary they have an u they have an option they have an option that in this hospital formulary how to report an ADR ADR reporting part is also there. So if if in case I was not getting an option D here then I would have gone with option C. Okay. So never never rify anything because you have to apply your logic as well. You have to apply that which answer is the most appropriate in any case in any question which will be my most appropriate answer. if I'm getting if I'm getting asked about a specific answer then I have to choose that whether the specific answer is given in the option or not and if it is not given then I can go with the holistic broad answer and the holistic broad answer would have been option C but now when I see when I look upon answer option D I can simply see pharmaccogenous program it is very much directly related with ADR it has to always that ADR is the important part of the pharmaccogenous program In hospital formulary ADR ADR is one of the part in hospital formulary ADR is one of the part but in pharmacco vigilance program ADR is the part of the the important part in the pharmacological programs. That's why option D will be import D will be the correct answer. I hope you got this way of thinking and you are thinking in this way only for every question. Okay. If you are thinking in this particular way option D is the correct one. Please remember this thing. Option D is the correct one. Pharmaccogenous program which is again given in the given in the hospital formulary. In hospital formula you will find this also. So we have to go with more specificity. If it is not being given then I would have gone for option C. Okay. Please make sure.

[00:32:42]Next, the outpatient department should be well organized for doctor's convenience, patients convenience, staff convenience and administrative records.

[00:32:53]First of all, when I talk about outpatient department, which is this department, why it has been created, what is the meaning of this department?

[00:33:00]Can anybody tell me what is outpatient?

[00:33:02]Patient is outside standing or what it is? What do you think about it? Please answer in the comment box. Outpatient means what? according to you somebody's which is standing outside in the hospital is it so see what is outpatient department this department generally deals with the patient who are not admitted in the hospital the patient who are not admitted in the hospital and generally comes in a day for general checkup okay and just go home so they are the outpatient okay so outpatient department generally deals with those patient which are not admitted to the hospital and they are called as outpatients. Now the outpatient department should be well organized for doctor's convenience or patients convenience. Now doctor's convenience is what? Doctor has to see whether it is outpatient or inpatient.

[00:33:52]Doctor has to see every patient equally.

[00:33:55]So this is not an doctor's convenience.

[00:33:57]for patient convenience. Yes, I could say if I'm specifically categorizing the patient that this is the inpatient and this is the outpatient then it will be very easy for us as a patient to understand that we have to go for the outpatient department and we are not in the inpatient department. So we can further categorize how we have to figure it out. So options B is the correct answer. Staff convenience administrative record nothing to do with it. So option B will be correct answer. Okay, it is a first point of contact. OPD is the first point of contact between hospital and the patient. Hence, it must be planned and organized so that patient convenience is ensured. It is easy accessibility and movement of a patient because patient generally don't get admitted in the hospital. He just have to he just have came for a general checkup and he will be going home. So the movement, the accessibility everything should be well organized so that the other inatient should also not get disturbed by those outpatient. Okay.

[00:34:53]So the general flow in the hospital should be maintained. So easy accessibility and movement of patient is the correct one. Minimum waiting time.

[00:35:00]Yes. If you have not categorized this patient into inpatient and outpatient then this might also get happen that the inpatient and outpatient are in the same line in the same line. So even though the there will be certain emergency case where the patient wanted to get admitted as soon as possible he will not get the uh chance to get in the frontal line if the lines are not categorized.

[00:35:23]Understood? That's why this will also have the minimum waiting time accordingly. The emergency cases will be there in the inpatient line and the similar general cases which are not so serious accordingly have a minimum waiting time because there will no there will not be so many people both the people clubing in one line itself proper guidance and smooth patient flow flow is maintained then comfort and safety as well as for elderly sick patient while doctor staff and administrative work are important the primary objective of this OPD organization is the patient centered care Okay.

[00:35:58]Next. What is the full form of MB base?

[00:36:02]What is the full form of MB base? Just in I think first first slide we have studied about this but we have not seen the whether I've seen we have seen right before maybe so I told you the base. So it is something to with do with the base. Okay. We have two bases here. So option B and D got eliminated. You will be reaching at the 50/50 point. Whenever whenever in any MCQ please listen to me very carefully. Whenever in any MCQ you have reached to this point that you have eliminated successfully two option and you are you are at the two option left please do 100% solve it whether you know the answer you don't know the answer you are confused whatever the case will be you have to answer this question anyhow who can by who can by crook you have to solve this question because the statistics says that whenever such question been answered, you will end up getting positive marks only. Okay, please make sure that you will be answering those question where you have reached to 50/50 possibility. Even if you are not getting the correct answer out of the two, you have to choose one of them by J Mad J Mata the rocks and do it because as per statistic you will get the net positive result out of it only. Okay. So here option C is correct answer. I told you database except a medical database is the correct answer.

[00:37:33]Next question. A pharmacy conducting both a retail and wholesale operation must have a minimum floor space of 10 square m, 15 square m, 20 square m and 25 square m. A very classic question that very classic question. Now even the examiner don't want to ask but sometimes if examiner want that children should get some easy question as well then he can ask and you should not miss upon this kind of question because simply when both retail and wholesale are there then it is 15 square m when just only retail 10 square m when just only wholesale 10 square m. Please make sure you remember this thing. Whenever it is single retail and single wholesale 15 sorry single retail and single wholesale then 10 10 when both combine is 15 square m. So option B is here our correct answer. Yes. Very nice.

[00:38:32]10 10 15.

[00:38:35]Next what is the Fright's formula?

[00:38:37]Frights formula is for uh in the previous one time when I took your session I told there itself where there were several formulas. So whenever the fright formula remember F with the infant in infant we have F. So it is generally dealing with the infant dosage form.

[00:38:55]Okay. So what do you think which is that particular formula? We have age based calculation. Age based calculation in which we have Young's formula, we have Bido formula, we have Collings formula, we have Dillings formula, then price formula. These are the five formulas which are used for the agebased calculation and accordingly here they are asking which is the particular formula for the fried formula. The fried formula is generally 150 months and infant is generally counted in months not in years. So wherever the year is given cancel it out. Option B will be our correct answer. Yes, very nice.

[00:39:32]Option B is our correct answer. Okay.

[00:39:39]Which of the following is used for calculating the dosage form on body weight? Based on body weight, which of them is used? Young's formula, class formula, price formula or dealings formula? Just now I told you young's formula is for the age based calculation.

[00:39:57]Class formula, okay, we don't know. Let us do a question mark over it. Fight formula, I know it is again an age based formula. Dillings formula, I know again it is an age based formula. So I get to automatically towards the answer option B. Clark's formula is the based on body weight. Okay. Clar's formula is the based on body weight and based on surface area.

[00:40:21]Based on surface area we have cadel formula. Okay. Kadel formula is based on surface area. Please make sure you remember just even even if you don't remember what are the formulas just even remember that which all formula is associated which which with which categories.

[00:40:42]Yes, this is the one correct.

[00:40:46]Next the term denotes tablespoon full, teaspoon full, desert spoonful or wine glass full. What do you think? Again this question I told you so many times whenever there is a word ampulum. So it is coccleier ampulum then it is talking about one tablespoon full. Okay. Cocklear amplum means tablespoon full. Whenever it is coulum magnum magnum or cocclear maximum.

[00:41:19]So in all these three case magnum maximum ampulum all these three case means tablespoon full only all three these three huh budget dessert you remember yes that was the trickum means table spoonful please remember this thing next medium in the sense whenever the word is cocclear medium okay whenever the word is cocclear medium then you Remember it should be desert spoonful. Okay. Cocklear medium means table desert spoonful. And when I talk about minimum cockier minimum not maximum maximum is tablespoon full.

[00:42:00]Whenever I talk about the coccleier minimum then it is talking about the two spoonful. Here they are asking about the ampulum and ampulum is tablespoon full as correct answer.

[00:42:14]Which type of drug information resource do index and abstracting service comes under? Primary, secondary, tertiary and quinary in the sense that I talking about the literature just by either looking at the index you are getting the information. What kind of thing is? See looking at the index means somebody has already found at the found out that information and you are just referring those information. So definitely it will not be a primary one but you are just referring the primary one. So you are referring primary one that means you are the secondary one. So option B is correct answer. Okay. So it will be coming under secondary information.

[00:42:52]Primary information means the research articles and all. So that will be published unpublished both of them will be considered here. So primary source will be there. Then secondary source means you are using primary source to supplement your uh for finding out your answers. So that is index using or checking on the literature. Literature is done by somebody else but you are taking reference from out of it. So it is a secondary source and clubbing the secondary source and primary source together we are coming towards the tertiary source. So the encyclopedias the dictionaries are the tertiary source. Okay.

[00:43:28]Which of the following is an example of physical incompatibility?

[00:43:33]Error in dosage form, alkaloidal incompatibility, drug interaction and liquefaction. Whenever I talk about there are three kind of incompatibility PC, CT I told you physical, chemical and therapeutical. When I talk about physical incompatibility, you have to remember one pneumonic L, double I, P.

[00:43:50]Lips, you can remember lips. Just do double I with it. Okay. So it is liquefaction.

[00:43:57]Liqufaction, insolubility, immissibility, spelling is wrong.

[00:44:17]And then is the precipitation.

[00:44:23]Okay, please make sure whenever I am talking about the physical incompatibility, you have to go with liquefaction, insolubility, immissibility and precipitation. These are the four types or the lipneumonic you just remember this lip pneummonic for the physical one. For chemical one, all the alkaloidal incompatibility, the iodide incompatibilities, the chemical name is there. Wherever the chemical name is associated, it is the chemical incompatibility and therapeutic one will be always dealing with dosage or doctors. So you can remember like this.

[00:44:54]So accordingly if I talk about error in dosage form so it will be which kind of incompatibility?

[00:45:00]Error in dosage form is which kind of incompatibility? Can anybody tell me this?

[00:45:06]Error in dosage form is which kind of incompatibility?

[00:45:14]Just now I told you all the three incompatibility. So I have to I have to see whether your brain is working in that direction or not. whether you can think upon in that direction or not.

[00:45:29]See physical incompatibility error in dosage form nothing to do with it.

[00:45:33]Dosage form is always therapeutic one.

[00:45:35]So this is a therapeutic incompatibility. Next when I talk about alkalidal incompatibility I told you wherever there is a name of a chemical alkaloidal iodites alicolates. So that is the chemical incompatibility. So this is a chemical incompatibating drug interaction. I told you drug dosage doctor. Remember this 3D drug dosage and doctor. So this is again a therapeutic one. And last one lift action is the correct answer. Why I am doing so? Even if you know the answer why I'm doing so that you people can understand how to eliminate the option right away.

[00:46:13]All are the advantages of modern.

[00:46:17]Oh my internet sucks.

[00:46:21]I am back. I am back.

[00:46:26]There is an internet issue from my side.

[00:46:28]So that's why sorry for this.

[00:46:31]See whenever I told you whenever there is a um you have been asked about proof strength remember. So proof strength formula will be equal to percentage volume by volume whichever percent is given you have to multiply it by 1.753 and you have to just do it minus from minus it out from 100 wherever whatever weight by percentage volume by volume is given please make sure that you are using this formula proof strength is percentage volume by volume into 1.753 minus 100. So here it is given 90. So 90 into 1.753 minus 100 do it out you will get 57% 57° something okay so it is in positive whenever you get the answer in positive way so it is an over proof whenever you get the answer negative if you get a negative answer whenever how you will be getting a negative answer if suppose the value of 90 into 100 is more than 100 that's why I'm getting positive answer suppose there is 140 minus 100 so it is only 40. But suppose what if it is 90 - 100 that means it is - 10. So this - 10 is underproof and this 40 is over proof.

[00:47:42]So if you are getting the answer in positive way so it is the overproof category. Whenever you are getting answer in negative with negative sign then it is an underproof category. So here I'm getting answer as 57 just 57 and so and so but it is in positive direction. So I can definitely tell that this is an overproof category.

[00:48:06]The abbreviation dentif stand for cream, capsule, emulsion and redesium. For cream we have primord capsule we have capsula.

[00:48:18]For imulsion we have imulsio and so dentriphicium is correct. for dent just directly you can associate the verb with the option and you will directly get the correct answer right so oristle or means ear drops capsula amalaysia is capsula is capsule catlasma is pis is powder collatorium is mouth washes collidium is eye wash Eye lotion then cream is cream. Dentium is driises.

[00:48:59]Emulsio is imulsion. Okay. Please remember this table. How to remember what all things to be done? It is done several time as well. Okay. Next again the calculation the dose of a drug is 5 mg per kg body weight. That means they are asking according to body weight. And here I have to use the Clark's formula because according to body weight I have to use the Clark formula. So 5 mg per kg body weight is given. How much drug is required for a boy of 12 years who weigh 21 kg? Simply use the Clark formula.

[00:49:34]Okay. So according to Clark formula child dose is equal to weight of that particular child divided by this is given in kg. So it is divided by 70. If it is it has been given in pounds then it should be weight divide by 150. Okay.

[00:49:49]If it is given in pounds then it is division by 150. It is given in kg that's why division is by 70 and into adult dose.

[00:49:58]So simply do it weight is 21 and 70 into 5 simply you will do 1.5 mg.

[00:50:06]Okay, understood.

[00:50:09]Option C is correct answer.

[00:50:12]Postic questions are way simpler than it look like. Which of the following is not an example of physical incompatibility?

[00:50:19]Not an example. Can you identify which is not an example? Kindly identify not an example. Click action is an example.

[00:50:28]Precipitation is an example. Simply remember LIP.

[00:50:33]Immisibility is an example. Ifobations no this isn't the example of this is this isn't an example of uh physical incompatibility so the or one out get out and we are done with the answer okay comes under the chemical incompatibility because whenever there is two chemical interacting so the physical changes could occur that CO2 is emitted and this could be seen as effervesence although this is seen physically this is visible but This doesn't come under the physical incompatibility because it is automatically getting categorized into chemical incompatibility because the two chemicals are interacting in such a way that they are not compatible and therefore they are releasing either they will be releasing affirmations or they will be simply changing their colors. So please make sure whenever this word color change is coming avoence is coming then it is associated not with physical incompatibility they are associated with the chemical incompatibility. Please make sure this precipitation is not here the correct answer. But suppose they are if they are giving that A and B chemical interacted in some way that they are precipitating out and suppose there is no option as the physical incompatibility then in that case you can choose chemical one or else you can you cannot choose chemical one. Okay.

[00:51:55]Next. Which of the following drug combination represent a synergistic combination? Synergistic combination in the sense 1 + 1 gives you one gives you two that means one drug is supporting the another drug and gives you extra effect. This is a synergistic additive effect or synergistic effect and antagonizing effect in the sense one is there and here minus one is there. So one is countering plus one is one is making the progress and other one is pulling his pulling him down. So at the end no progress at all. So if you are uh suppose you are stepping on a ladder and you have took one step here on the first number and the other people come and stretch you out from here. So accordingly after after 2 minutes in first minute you have stepped on one uh first ladder step in the other minute the the people caught you back again. So again you make no progress. So that means this is an antagonizing effect. Okay. So here they are asking about synergistic one. So noxin and morphine penicelline and streptoycine then is empetamine and barbbiturates propranolol and salbutos.

[00:53:05]What do you think which one is the correct one here? Now see whenever the synergistic incompatibility they are asking which of the following drug combination represent a synergistic incompatibilities. Here the correct answer is penicelline and steptoycine.

[00:53:20]Okay, penicelline and septtoycin is the incorrect answer because they this increases the antibacterial activities because penicellin act on cell wall and septtoycin act on act on nuclear material right right on the nuclear material in mRNA misreading of mRNA right so that's why penicellin act on the cell wall this act on the mrn mRNA sequence and they are edited they are editing their effect they have the editive effect so one is acting on another acting on the same thing but on the two different steps. So that means they are more effective when they are given together. So that's why option C will be our correct answer.

[00:54:00]RX symbol is traditionally considered as it is symbol of pharmacy sign of medical council sign of Jupiter god of healing and sign of dosage. Everyone even a single even each and every student of first year even will know this. What is RX symbol? RX symbol is associated with the Jupiter which is god of healing. Again it is again associated with the word recipe.

[00:54:27]It is again associated with the word take though. It is again associated with the word superscription.

[00:54:35]So whenever I am getting encountered with the RX1 so I can remember Jupiter I can remember recipe I can remember take I can remember supercription all these four word together will hit my mind so this is correct option C next question in posology average body surface area for adult is dash m²ared simply they are asking in the formula there is adult surface area given now based on surface area I I have told you that there is one formula which is known as cancels formula and that cancel formula we have 1.53 1.73 2.73 and 1.37 you can see 7373. So option 1.73 is the correct answer. So the examiner is also pointing you that one will be the correct and 73 will be correct. So 1.73 m²ared is the average body surface area which is given in that particular formula. The formula is child dose is equal to body surface area of a child in meter squared divided by 1.73 m²ared into adult dose. Okay. And this is an adult average square surface area.

[00:55:49]Next question. Prescribing tetracycling with milk is which kind of incompatibility? Simply tetra the milk deactivate the tetracycling because tetracycling forms a complex tetracyc forms a complex with the milk a milk has a calcium in it and the tetracyc has a general tendency of complexing with the metals and that's why this kind of incompatibilities chemical compat the either these are compatible one either these are physical one or the chemical one or the therapeutic one so you can simply take them as a which kind of incompatibility compatible is not physical they are not there chemical or therapeutic what do you think which is the correct answer this comes under drug interaction drug food interaction drug food interaction and that's why the correct answer for this will be therapeutic one I told you to remember 3D 3D in the sense drug dosage and doctors so here drug comes so it is the therapeutic Last question for today's class guys.

[00:56:55]Signature is a direction given to prescriber, pharmacist, patient and manufacturer. I told you several times.

[00:57:03]Even though if you don't remember, I will tell you again. And yes, if you like the session, kindly press the like button. This is free for you guys. You can simply give your impute by liking and by commenting in the session. Okay.

[00:57:16]So, signature is nothing but it is the direction given to the patient. There is a part which is known as subscription.

[00:57:23]There is a part which is known as inscription.

[00:57:27]So subscription part generally deals with the dosage form. What dosage form to be given? Inscription generally deals with what medication to be given in what strength to be given. Right? Signature part is coming under the patient and subscription part is nothing but the direction which is given to the pharmacist.

[00:57:46]So you can remember the subscription of pharmacist. Okay. So option here C is correct answer. So even if they ask you subscription is the direction to pharmacist. You are taking subscription of Netflix. No, you are not taking subscription of Netflix. You are taking a subscription of a pharmacist. So accordingly you can remember it.

[00:58:05]So option C is your correct answer here.

[00:58:08]And here we finishes with the 30 question for today's class. I hope you like it and uh you have gained very much good inputs from it. You know, you got to know how to eliminate the option. You got to know how to think from an examiner perspective to decode the answer and uh uh how to get the most appropriate answer out of the option rather than just rectifying the concept.

[00:58:33]You have to apply your mind, you have to apply your uh understanding, analyzing the question which is becoming more and more important as in uh the era of examinations are getting evolved. See, every examination is getting evolved. So we also have to get evolved accordingly right. So I hope uh everything done well. Anybody having any doubt they can simply put their doubts here?

[00:59:08]Any doubts guys?

[00:59:17]Okay. So I don't think anybody has any doubt. So if you have any doubts, you can simply uh put on the comment box which is given below after the live session also and we are always accessible to you guys. Thank you so much and do keep studying, keep learning and keep moving. Thank you so much.