AB Tutorial

Added: 2026-05-12

[00:00:10]physical properties Spencer so I'll get Alexis I will say you have 10 lights then I say highlights I can't read so you see the Lohan the other lights Lexi's 3br see especially HIV are said you'd fix in the Laura lxh any guesses still little bit higher up to see 18 they are liquids then still high ones are solids okay fine now same thing you saw earlier also the lower ones are but you can say the liquids cancer same thing in other words next is alkaloids what if I decide if you see that is the boiling point in the melting point so listen very carefully at the bottom part the boiling point follows this order are I greater than R B R greater than R CL greater than R we can so much now way the reason is that that is here this iodine that is I finest listen very carefully the I - is a stronger but but you can say or polar substance then compared to what you can say F - means this is more polarizable and this is less polarizability nature that is compared to what again sighing - is non polar in nature now you can say how it is so it is having high electronegativity correct so what do you find is that even if it is having high electronegativity so the bond length is very small in case of fluorine it's very very small in case of loading so hence it is less polarizing in nature here the bond length is bigger because the size of the atom is bigger cities more polarizable so how do you find inside here all right sorry about that it is quite bigger compared to that is earth so here for that particular purpose as this is more polarizable image and listen carefully very carefully as I - is more polarizable than compared to f- for that particular because the boiling point of that is our I is greater than that is aiive so it follows this particular order we can say that I think you've understood this particular that I - is more polarizable in nature compared with - mother it it is more polarizable nature compared to F - we can say so for that particular purpose as it is more polarizable its full strongly the al-qaeda do so more energy is required to break this particular bond so hence Alki I write is what you can say having higher boiling point then but you can say I'll guide flow right but so far we must understand this next after that when the molecule rate increases then the body part increases that means I want to say I am having since 3 CL I'm having say 3 CH 2 CL and having says 3 CH to stage 2 since 2 CL then but if I decide with an increase in molecule reach the molecular size of tendency is increasing the alkyne besides increases so vanderloos force increases for that particular purpose the boiling point also increases we can select now similarly if the number halogen atom is going to increase in case of chlorides in case of chlorides let me say number of hydrogen atoms means I'm having ch3cl I am having ch2cl2 I am having chcl3 and having CCL 4 which is having the highest value point this then this then this CCL 4 is having the highest boiling point than this then then then this alright because the same thing it is more polar in nature this particular one we can say that it is more polarizable for that particular purpose but if I design is having the highest value but the same thing is not true with flowing flowing ended compound the same thing is not true it is it is different for flow lead compound because of that okay because as another floating item is going to increase remember it as the number of fluorine atom is going to impede that means you're having easier if you're having CH 2 F 2 you having CH f 3 what you find is that in case of CHF 3 the boiling point is going to decrease why because as a fluorine atom is increasing non polarizing atom increases but it due to which the value point decreases with us that okay otherwise as the electron I hope increases but I can find this at burning party increases because van der Waals force increases the molecular size increases or I can say the molecular weight increases in this way if it is behaves in this particular way in case of boiling point and melting point you can say that now it is not melting because if we are talking about the gaseous now it has already s sorry the lower alkyl halide yes she's still higher months up to see 18 they're liquids and still it ca India solid so we are not considering a see 18 big answer that okay fine now after night what we see is that if you see the solid that it is insoluble or not so if you if you see that dipole moment that alkyl halides have got a real fine dipole moments a very high dipole moment how much this generally the dipole moment ranges from two point zero five the by two 2.15 device it's a very quite fine at one moment so it should be highly polar in nature correct it should be highly following in nature no it is less soluble in nature why the reason is that that alkyl halide fails to form intermolecular hydrogen bond with water again repeat allocate aligns fails to form intermolecular hydrogen bond with water it fails to power due to this reason but if I decide it is less soluble in water even if we decide a polar in nature more another theory also goes that you know that solubility depends upon but it can say is that two energy what is your hydration energy another is your lattice energy your hydration energy is less at the lattice energy what is hydration energy let me tell you when you dissolve a particular compound in partner energies released that energy per mole is said to be as hydration energy so way you dissolve alkyl halide in water less amount of energy so least compared to lattice energy so as hydration energy is less than the lattice energy science it is insoluble even if it is highly polar in nature next is if you see the stability then alkyne highlights that is what I can say is that basically our I is less stable in nature for that reason we keep it in if you remember it if you've seen it all so that is in a lab we keep it in colored bottles well because if you keep it in light colored bottles then in presence of sunlight it will give you our R plus I 2 is released because I do yoga which do the resulting solution will be either brown or it will be violent in nature for in case of alkali Braddock azimuth so the stability is that al-qaeda fluoride is more stable in nature then bromide then fluoride then all right iodine is the least stable in nature why this because the bond length is maximum we can say that in case of RI all right the bond length is maximum so hence it easily Bray's it cleavage easily okay for example the spend let us say this is the bond length of I and let us say the SCAF this is the bond length of RF so which is more easily cleavage oh definitely this one this particular about this pen because it is but against a bigger bond length so you can easily break easily for that particular purpose what do you find is not that alkyl iodide are less stable in nature and they give brown or violet color on lots of nantes and inning every cancer - okay now if you see that is the next remains is your dipole moment if you see that as I said it has got a very high dipole moment and then I forgot decreases from fluoride to iodide we can say that okay the same thing arrived in tonight's also but let me tell you almost the same properties so one thing is that in case of array highlights for example if you are having that is paradichlorobenzene if you are having or for dichloro benzene then paradichlorobenzene with a high melting point then orthotics or benzene or will have high boiling point then or codec your benzene the reason is that cara means it is a little we can say that it is submitted so as it is symmetrical but if i it is quite Nietzsche so how'd the Distilled modernity's required so paradichlorobenzene will have high melting point but body part then ortho that your main target Laura we can say that so this is one of the difference or one more thing extra I should say that and lower the dipole moment in case of analytes is slightly less there I said two point zero five two two point one five divided they reduce dipole moment is one point six two one point eight the by the rapid words slightly less in case of arrival so this group is slightly less polar it means we can select okay so this is about your title moment in case of solubility also same thing and I know the lights are not soluble in water why because same thing that and I realize you can see this less polar than Carol Expo so far and arrival lights is not able to form intermolecular hydrogen bond with water sensor into this less soluble in water so this is about your physical properties we can say that I said it now next is the most important is your chemical properties will come to the chemical properties okay now in case of chemical properties you have to understand it very very importantly you have to understand it alright so here the chemical promise is that it undergoes large number of reaction first of all alcoholics but one of the most important reaction is that it undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction undergoes nucleophilic substitution action otherwise see halogen group is a very reactive group so you can there was a large number of wrecks you use it undergoes elimination reaction it undergoes dehydrogenation reaction but but first we are going to start with but it can say is that nucleophilic substitution reaction so the general reaction already without our X plus mu minus what we get r and u plus X minus so here we are going to take any nucleophile now any purified means it to be a stronger than if you find them halogens it has to get stronger if you find that he likes you can say that so what we can use it many we can many if you file is there which - we are having CN - we are having SH - we are having co - we are having n h2 - intercept any other we can see is that clear so sorry if you find is there we will be using a chair so rad rather become a diesel you find yet rather I will be using a base here rather I should say that that's now one thing you must know each here that how will you know that which is a better leaving group and which is stronger leaving group rather which is a poor okay so this handy detail in the next one thank you