1.1.4: Blood Components

追加: 2026-05-25

[00:00:00]all right a little bit of information about blood to start you off on 114 so we are going to be talking about the basic components of blood uh primarily four different components and those are red blood cells which are also known as erthrocytes that's our fancy science term for red blood cells white blood cells which are also known as lucco sites platelets which are also known as thrombos sites and then the blood plasma these are the main four components of blood um there are a few other things but this is this basically covers all the the the everything you're going to need to know about blood so first of all uh the biggest component of blood is the blood plasma and this makes up a little bit more than half of your blood about 55% of your blood uh is the plasma which is this pale yellow fluid and it is mostly water 90 to 95% of your blood plasma is water this is the water that is carrying everything else that is in your blood around through your um arteries and veins and capillaries Etc there is more than just water though there are about 5 to 10% so that remaining percentage of your blood plasma are things like proteins and blood sugar which is called glucose uh hormones clotting factors electrolytes carbon dioxide and some oxygen are all dissolved within that blood uh so whole bunch of other stuff that's important that you need to be flowing around going from place to place within your body is also being carried in that blood plasma and you'll notice there is some carbon dioxide and oxygen that is actually just dissolved within that mostly water fluid that makes up your blood plasma but your body needs to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in much larger quantities than you can actually get dissolved in your blood plasma and that is what our next component is for and those are the erthrocytes arthrits or the red blood cells uh commonly referred to as red blood cells but once again fancy science term is AR sites you also hear me hear me call them rbc's AE you might just see them abbreviated as rbc's sometimes and these make up most of the remaining percentage of whole blood about 40 to 45% red blood cells are a little bit weird unlike the vast majority of the cells in your body red blood cells don't have nuclei so there is no nucleus in your red blood cells uh that's containing like your DNA your DNA is not in your red blood cells um instead what happens when a red blood cell matures the nucleus actually gets ejected out of the red blood cell uh to make more room for more hemoglobin so hemoglobin is this really important protein and it's job is to bind to oxygen uh as well as carbon dioxide and transport that in the body so red blood cells go to your lungs there they will drop off carbon dioxide and they'll pick up oxygen and then they'll get transported to the rest of your tissues uh as they move through the circulatory system being powered by your heart and when they go to the tissues they drop off their oxygen and they pick up carbon dioxide as as a waste product and then that whole cycle just repeats our next major component are white blood cells uh also known as Lucy these are called White because they are colorless unlike the arthroses that are very red uh because of the iron that they contain that's in that hemoglobin protein lucco sites are colorless uh so what you see down here in the bottom corner is actually Lucy that have been stained purple in order to visualize uh parts of them but normally if they're not stained they're just going to be appear colorless like this and they make about 1% of whole blood now lucases do have nuclei they um are not like the red blood cells they have nuclei they can live a lot longer red blood cells uh die off very quickly because they don't have that nuclei but lucaites can last for a long time in your blood and they are a major component of your immune system so white blood cells they have a variety of different jobs most of which are related to fighting off infections producing antibodies destroying bacteria viruses other pathogens or foreign Invaders and there are VAR different types of white blood cells and you don't need to know all these or what their specific jobs are just know that there are a bunch of different types and they all do different jobs so there are lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils all of these are different types of white blood cells finally come to the last major component of your blood and those are thros sites also known as platelets these are very small colorless cells these also do do not have a nucleus at least in mammals in many other animals thrombocytes actually do have nuclei but in mammals they do not so you and me we are mammals are thrombocytes do not have nuclei these work with clotting factors to form blood clots and prevent bleeding so when you get a cut when you have some sort of damage or injury to a blood vessel thrombocytes are what's going to get activated and form a clot in order to prevent you from bleeding to death this is an electron microscope image of a red blood cell a white blood cell and and an activated platelet so rroy Lucy activated thrombocyte and so you can see like these like spindly little projections right so that is an activated platelet when platelets are not activated they look like this and they're just floating around your um in your bloodstream but when they do get activated when there is some sort of damage to the blood vessels then they will spend send out these like spiky tendril hook things that allow them to form that blood clot so you get just see that uh right there so a bit of an introduction to the different components of blood