Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi covering 800 square miles in California's San Joaquin Valley, was nearly completely drained by the 1860s when wealthy settlers diverted rivers for irrigation, creating productive farmland but destroying wetlands and displacing wildlife; however, in 2023, atmospheric rivers caused floods that nearly submerged 100,000 acres of farmland, bringing the lake back to its original bed and raising questions about whether powerful agricultural interests influenced water diversion decisions to protect their own fields at the expense of smaller farms and vulnerable communities.
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Deep Dive
The Lake DisappearedAdded:
The lake was one of the largest bodies of water in California.
Today, most people have never heard of it.
Tulare Lake once covered hundreds of square miles in the San Joaquin Valley.
It was so large that steamboats crossed it. Entire communities depended on it.
Then the water was diverted. Rivers feeding the lake were rerouted into irrigation projects. Farms expanded.
Canals multiplied.
The lake shrank year after year.
By the early 20th century, most of it was gone.
The largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi had effectively been erased.
The transformation created some of the most productive farmland in America.
It also destroyed wetlands, displaced wildlife, and permanently changed the region's ecology.
When historic floods returned today, Tulare Lake briefly reappears.
The water is reminding California that the lake was never supposed to disappear.
The maps changed. The land remembers.
We show you the system. You decide what it means.
Follow Off-Limits America.
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