Std 8 Science Session on Nature of Matter: Elements, Compound and Mixture by Karthikeyan

[00:00:17]Good evening all. Good evening everyone.

[00:00:20]I welcome all of you for today's class and I could see many of you.

[00:00:26]So just confirm me in the chat box that my audio video everything is clear.

[00:00:33]quick quick quick just let me know in the chat box and before uh starting off the class let me introduce myself I'm Karthik so I'll be you know uh helping you throughout your science journey and in today's class we going to explore something very very very basics and elementary that is what you know that gives power to explore the whole universe.

[00:01:07]Okay. So before just getting into today's class just let me know is my audio video everything is clear. Super paka quick quick. Hi Alan good evening Dashan that's great AG thank you for confirming. So what is this AG? AG means like I usually ask my students to type AG. It is nothing but a group. Okay.

[00:01:36]So far so good. And what is today's topic is all about? Anything I told this forms the elementary that forms the basics.

[00:01:46]Any other uh idea that comes to your mind?

[00:01:54]What this guy going to talk about? You guys are thinking, right?

[00:02:03]I'll give you one more minute last one minute so that your friends also will join and think of what we going to discuss about and put it in the chat box.

[00:02:16]Let me see how many of your answers.

[00:02:36]Quick, quick, quick.

[00:02:39]I could see many of you started posting your answers.

[00:02:42]Mhm.

[00:02:54]And today I'm going to take all of you to a recruitment mission.

[00:03:01]What is that recruitment mission? It's a recruitment. I heard in my dad's office that someone you are going to, you know, take in your team or something. I think my camera is clear now. Let me clean my camera.

[00:03:18]Now it should be super clear.

[00:03:22]Yes. Hi Vidya Pura Tari. Very good evening Dashan.

[00:03:30]Yes. Very good evening Basangla. So today's class I'm going to take you all to one recruitment mission. How many of you uh like superheroes? Put it in the chat box. Who is your favorite superheroes? Quick, quick, quick.

[00:03:47]Who is your favorite superheroes?

[00:03:54]Make it fast. Quick, quick, quick, quick. Okay. Vidya likes superheroes.

[00:03:58]Sir, I like superhero. Who is your favorite one?

[00:04:05]Uh, Bashar says Spider-Man. Vidya also supporting Spider. I like Spider-Man. So he like he gives web and he you know travels from one building to another building and so on.

[00:04:20]Okay. Alan was saying Iron Man. Puraja says Spider-Man. Okay. So Iron Man Spider-Man there are a lot of superheroes. Okay.

[00:04:32]And today I'm going to recruit those Avengers.

[00:04:36]I I'm going to give the recruitment project name as Avengers recruitment.

[00:04:43]So I got today an emergency call from Avengers headquarters. Captain America called me. Okay. And he said was like what? Wait. Captain America called you sir.

[00:05:00]Imagine I was just telling. Okay. So, Captain America called me and uh he told me that uh you know uh the earth is in danger and we need a new superhero but we don't know whom should uh we have to take in can you help me like that Captain America called me so basically I was busy no so I was like cap told Captain America that just wait for some time today I'm going to meet real Avengers okay so let me have a discussion with them and maybe we'll think on it whether whether I'll help you or not. Okay. Now, can you all help me so that I can talk to Captain America? Yes or no? Just let me know in the chat box.

[00:05:44]I want all of you who joined, you know, 15 superheroes.

[00:05:49]Oh, Vidya was like, "No, why should I help you, sir?"

[00:05:54]Dashan was like, "Yes, yes, sir, I can help you." Thank you, Dashan.

[00:06:01]Yeah. Puraja, Shraani, everyone are like joining hands. Thank you guys. So let us discuss something. No, we will decide whom to select, whom to you know recommend to Captain America so that he can take him and uh uh okay Vidya was like yes yes okay excellent that was absolutely super califragilistic Xpalidocious. So basically but here is the rules I'm going to tell you. Every superhero has one special power.

[00:06:36]Okay. So for example if I ask you who is the fastest superhero? Can you guys name me? Quick quick.

[00:06:44]The fastest.

[00:06:47]Whenever you hear this word fast, who comes to your mind?

[00:06:58]Who comes to your mind?

[00:07:02]Okay, had joined YouTube. That's okay.

[00:07:12]Exactly. Alan Dashan, it's flash. Yes.

[00:07:16]Uh, who's the strongest?

[00:07:22]Who's the strongest superhero?

[00:07:30]Who's the strongest? Exactly. Hulk. So, who is the, you know, that web guy?

[00:07:38]Who's that guy who can fly basically?

[00:07:50]Who becomes giant?

[00:07:53]Next question. Who becomes giant? Who's that? So basically when you talk about Flash, he is for speed. When you talk about Thor, he is for thunder. When you talk about Hulk, he is for strength.

[00:08:06]When you talk about Spidey, he is for web. When you talk about Iron Man, he's for technology. So each hero has one identity, right? Correct.

[00:08:18]Everyone has their unique identity.

[00:08:21]Exactly. That is what an element has.

[00:08:27]One identity is equal to one element. In today's class, we going to learn we going to talk about superheroes and we can we will be connecting it with the world of chemistry so that you won't even forget it.

[00:08:41]Okay. So if I ask you who is what is the element directly you can go and relate with Hulk. So Hulk is a strength. So one element means one identity. Is this clear?

[00:08:54]Just let me know in the chat box. Quick quick quick. If this kind of concept is clear type Ag in the chat box and this is how we going to discuss the whole world of chemistry.

[00:09:07]Okay. Alan is like yes sir I'm very happy that we going to learn something with superheroes.

[00:09:13]Okay, that's great.

[00:09:16]Poor Naja. Thank you. Perfect. See guys and very important thing is I want all of you to just be like interactive with me. Okay. I won't be like you know sitting there I'm talking talking you that won't works out in my class. Okay. So I want all of you to just interact with me. If I ask you any questions just put it in the chat box.

[00:09:40]I'm directly viewing. Okay. So don't worry like don't think sir I won't see what he this guy will come and talk and he'll go. No no no no no no that should that will not happen in my class. If I ask you anything I want each and every one of you to just put it in the chat box. And one more thing don't think sir whether it is right or wrong.

[00:10:02]I'll take care. Okay bold adding up right. So whatever that comes to your mind put it in a chat box. If that is right, I'm there with you. If that is wrong, again, I'm there with you. I'll correct you. Okay. So far, so good, perfect. So, we are talking about elements, right?

[00:10:26]Basically, elements means all about uh we all are a group and uh uh you know, one one person will have one one identity. so that you can relate it with element. Okay. Now let me give you another scenario. What if uh Iron Man and Spider-Man decide to uh permanently work together not for one mission forever which means like if I ask you a question they have uh you know decided they have signed the bond everything from now Iron Man and Spider-Man are like very very very closy you can keep it like that. Okay. And uh they have signed that at any instant I won't we won't get separated. My question is can they be separated during battles?

[00:11:34]Yes or no?

[00:11:37]Can they be separate during they have signed the MO everything is super PA exactly Alan you got it what I'm trying to tell so they have signed so which means like they cannot be separated no they become one team in the battle so they are no longer individual one they becomes super compounds and you got to learn something called as compounds So when you talk about compounds you can think of like this Iron Man and Spider-Man they signed M and becomes one. So this is what you call it as compounds.

[00:12:16]Basically how many of you had uh how many of you drink water today?

[00:12:26]Put it in the chat boxing till now.

[00:12:33]Shraani was like sir I'm drinking now and I'm listening the class everyone dash everyone what is this question everyone shani pura dash muran okay vidya correct so a particle with two or more different atoms that's great and Alan was like sir I've drunk three times when from class started till now though it is a 15 minutes time pani uh what you call in uh Hindi like you have drunk uh pani means drink what do you call for uh I had water maybe you guys have to help me out so character that is what telu we will tell in tel so like ai okay thank you vidya maybe if I'm wrong wrong just correct me guys okay so telugu people hope I did justice to telugu correct pani okay thank you for confirming so any telu chap I know I know like many Tel people will be scolding me but I'm trying my best.

[00:14:08]Okay.

[00:14:10]Okay. Vidya you are Tel. So I did I properly told no in Telugu just confirm me yes or no.

[00:14:23]So next time I'll try to tell the same in uh Canada. Okay. So okay. Thank you Vidya you also tell okay that's great so what we will say is like glass of water okay why I was talking for Alan so Alan you have to tell okay okay uh thank you Nageshwarov for confirming me right so basically this hydrogen and water what is this Oh, I told my bad. Okay. What is this water made up of? Like Iron Man and Spider-Man, this water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.

[00:15:12]They are permanently joined. Though hydrogen is there in the universe, though oxygen is there in the universe, but they sign the MOU and they have permanently joined. And that is why you call that as a water.

[00:15:28]Okay.

[00:15:31]Now I'll ask you another question. So basically uh I want to take a group photo for all the Avengers. Avengers assemble in the room. So I want to take a group photo. Basically let's say left side Thor is standing, Iron Man, Hulk, Spider-Man, Captain America, Black Window, Black Widow, everyone are there.

[00:15:58]Are they connected? No.

[00:16:01]Can can someone go home? Yes. Let's say if Thor want to go home, he can leave.

[00:16:09]Yes. If Hulk want to go home, he can leave. Yes. They are simply standing together.

[00:16:16]Okay. And this scenario you can relate it with a mixture which means like one one individual identity but they standing for a group photo starting from Iron Hulk Spidey Captain America Black Widow everyone correct this is how like uh how many of you had uh whenever you go to that street note you'll get that sundal mix whenever I'm at Chennai know I go there I go there I want sundal mix means He will put some puri. He will put some vegetables. He will put some sweet and kum. He will be like t and we'll be having how many of you had that?

[00:17:01]Okay. I was just telling that same sentence in different languages. Try.

[00:17:07]Okay. Yeah. Everyone probably uh murugan dashan everyone like like kind of pale puri. So you have that puri sweet uh spicy and vegetables they t they'll be like and I know Alan is quoting me sir what is this this is evening time and you are making me to remember all pani puri pale puri and my concentration goes there and not in the chemistry.

[00:17:36]Is that so Alan? I'm just kidding you.

[00:17:40]Okay. So basically you can think of mixture as like that.

[00:17:46]Okay. So all in one but they can leave whenever they want. Okay. Is that okay?

[00:17:56]Okay. Now let us play a game. How many of you ready to play a game with me?

[00:18:01]Just type AG in the chat box. Quick, quick, quick.

[00:18:05]How many of you ready to play game with me?

[00:18:14]Quick, quick, quick everyone. Okay. Shraani, Murugan, Paja, Alan, Vidya.

[00:18:30]That's great. Okay. Now I'm going to tell uh some name okay some random names I'm going to tell and you guys have to tell whether it is an element or compound or a mixture now you got to know element is like one identity mixture is like they combine together okay you have to think of it now we have you know we have gave what is compound like compound is like they cannot separate it two elements join together and forms a different compounds. So element means like one separate identity mixture means like everyone are there. Okay, we'll start our game. Uh first one is what can I ask? Gold is gold a mixture or element or a compound? Put it in a chat box quick.

[00:19:30]Gold.

[00:19:37]Exactly. Everyone knocked this question perfectly.

[00:19:44]It's really super califragilistic HP alidocious guys. So basically gold is an element. Next water.

[00:19:53]Water. Just now this guy was telling hydrogen oxygen they signed uh you know kind of thing. No.

[00:20:10]So basically water should be what exactly perfect compound it's not element it's a compound okay see you cannot separate hydrogen and oxygen know they have signed the mo okay right next is fruit salad fruit salad Quick quick.

[00:20:44]What is all about fruit salad? Is this element compound or mixture?

[00:20:53]Fruit salad.

[00:21:08]Is it like you can mix the fruit and you can separate?

[00:21:16]So that should be what mixture. Exactly.

[00:21:26]Very good. Okay. Uh what about salt?

[00:21:32]Salt.

[00:21:35]Tink think.

[00:21:37]Salt.

[00:21:40]Quick. Quick. Quick. Quick.

[00:21:47]Salt.

[00:21:54]Salt. Is basically two elements combine Na and Cl. They combine to form salt NaCCl. So probably they signed some bond of understanding. So they should be what?

[00:22:20]Quick quick.

[00:22:41]Basically uh Vidya was asking one doubt Vidya.

[00:22:47]So she's asking sir is water compound or molecule sir some textbook they mentioned compound some textbook they mentioned molecule what is that basically vidya if I talk about molecules no any uh compounds you take if that compound is made up of basically any any element You see if let's consider water. Water has two hydrogen and one oxygen.

[00:23:23]Okay. So any chemical you take around you is made up of two or more atoms bonded together then you call that as a molecule s what is that compound? Compound for example a specific type of molecule composed of two or more different elements. For example, are they water? You have how many hydrogen's?

[00:23:50]Two hydrogen and one oxygen. It is a compound.

[00:23:56]Is this clear for you?

[00:23:59]Just keep it in mind. Compounds but not all molecules makes compound.

[00:24:07]Is it clear?

[00:24:10]Just let me know. S in the chat box.

[00:24:11]Quick, quick, quick.

[00:24:20]Okay. So what I'll do is I am going to share my screen. Hi Bright Future. Good evening. I don't know your name but I could see that you have joined as bright future. Probably you have a bright future.

[00:24:34]Let me share my screen. Is my screen visible?

[00:24:38]Just let me know in the chat box.

[00:24:49]Yes. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to share.

[00:25:00]Okay. A Vibanu very good evening. Thank you for letting me know. So my screen is visible. No for everyone. Just confirm me quick quick and let us start exploring something very very interesting.

[00:25:15]Okay, where should be this should be like this and I have to connect this writing pad so that I can write and show something interesting for you guys.

[00:25:27]Okay.

[00:25:32]So is this my writing is visible for everyone? Just let me know. I'm going to write hello means ch children's hello children's or hello friends whatever you want you can call it this okay let me see how many of you are able to see quick quick have you guys able to see that and we will be you know making this session very very very interesting.

[00:26:10]So I welcome all of you for the world of chemistry and how many of you had watched these kind of uh you know glass bottles and chemicals in your chemistry lab.

[00:26:22]So welcome to the world of chemistry.

[00:26:25]How many of you had seen in your school or in your uh uh uh you know any movies or something world of chemistry and today we will be exploring more of chemistry.

[00:26:40]So I want all of you to become chemists from now everyone. That's great. Every one of you had school lab. Yes in school everyone would have probably seen this correct. So now what is this? You can see here some water is there, some color chemical is there and you know uh for example I have a let me come to my screen.

[00:27:14]Ah so for example I have a water bottle with me and here I have a water and let's say if I want to have a chai I can have it on this and this is like this is something is made up of something. What is this made up of? I have another glass and I have pen and I have seen this.

[00:27:33]This is like you know the screen. What are all this made up of? Can you guys let me know in the chat box? And I have a choppers and I have the board here.

[00:27:44]Everything around me is made up of water.

[00:27:50]Can you guys let me know in the chat box quick quick and I'll give you 2 minutes break so that you can go and have drink water and come back. I'll also get some snacks and come back. Okay, 2 minutes break quick quick quick and think of it and go. What all these things are made up of? What is that? This is made up of water. And this chair, the chair is made up of water. And my shirt is made up of water.

[00:28:20]This is looking something different. And you can see I'm standing on this wall. What is this wall is made up of? Think, think. 2 minutes break. Come back and also get some water and come back. Quick, quick, quick.

[00:29:25]So, I hope you guys can see me now. Yes.

[00:29:30]How many of you can see me?

[00:29:36]How many of you can see me now?

[00:29:40]Because I'm here. Hello.

[00:29:44]Yes, I just went took some water and came back.

[00:29:51]I was you know like coming here and thought to play hide and seek. So I was like bending down and came back in there like a Mr. B. How many of you had watched Mr. B? He'll be like he'll be like ta like that he'll come right.

[00:30:07]So hope you all had some water because 2 minutes breaks is also over.

[00:30:31]Okay.

[00:30:34]So, I'm just having some water and I like something to drink also. So, what is this water made up of? enough you know pura like you can come to Chennai and I can give you the snacks whatever I'm eating now okay and I'm also having some chai what is this chai is made up of tea we will call it as and cheers tell me tell me quick quick and you could see me my place is made up of lot of uh you I have a beaker and inside the beaker I have a water. Okay. And I have some balloons here. Okay. Let's say what I'm going to do is I'll take one balloon something like that. Okay.

[00:31:32]And if I blow this balloon what happens?

[00:31:38]Okay. Before that many of you had answering this. This chai is consisting of uh milk, sugar, tea powder. That is excellent.

[00:31:48]Exactly. What is this chai? Is this a mixture or is this a compound?

[00:31:55]Tell me tell me quick quick and I just went to uh you know take some mixture. I only able to get chai. So I'm drinking on behalf of you I'm drinking chai. This not I eagerly went to have joy just show to want to show you guys what is this is all about mixture I just simply so what I'm going to do is this is this is balloon okay is this size changes change size is this size changes quick quick tell quickly Will you be able to change the size?

[00:32:46]Yes or no?

[00:32:48]Ah, you can change. Will I be able to change the size of this tumbler with my hands? Something like this.

[00:32:57]No, this is not changing.

[00:33:03]Will I be able to do that?

[00:33:06]You should probably call Hulk or someone to help me out. Okay. What do I have on my hand now?

[00:33:20]What do I have it on my hand? You could see something. No.

[00:33:25]What is this?

[00:33:28]Probably everyone will be using. This is not paper. This is a kind of a tissue paper. You can see it. Exactly. tissue is this tissue can be you know made into smaller let's say I have that much bunch no that becomes like this what is happening here what did I do and I can also make this become bigger yes that is also possible similarly this balloon as you guys Say inflated.

[00:34:05]No. So, I'm going to Yes. Shall I blow more?

[00:34:16]Yes.

[00:34:17]Shall I blow more? Some more.

[00:34:21]Just let me know how many blow that this can. Okay. Vidya wants to blast this.

[00:34:29]How many of you want to blast this?

[00:34:31]Double. Boom.

[00:34:34]Quick, quick, quick. Tell me. Make it fast. Quick, quick, quick. You want this to blast?

[00:34:44]Okay. Alan, Murugan, Shraani, Pa, everyone want to blast this B.

[00:34:54]Everyone. Oh my god. You don't want to, you know, make this balloon fly over here or something.

[00:35:03]And how many of you had played you know while blowing balloon? Okay. When you're deflating this balloon, how many of you can make sound while deflating this balloon?

[00:35:16]Either like taking air out. How many of you can make sound? How many ways you can make one is like I can blast this.

[00:35:25]Oh my god, that boom. Okay, let me take another ball. I have I have now took rose color B. Okay, tell me quick quick quick. How many of you can make this?

[00:35:42]I should blow this.

[00:35:55]Oh my god, this is like very small.

[00:36:00]The moment you keep it he keep it like this you can hear the sound. See here why is this sound coming? Do anyone think about it?

[00:36:14]Same balloon.

[00:36:18]Now I'm leaving. Sound is not coming.

[00:36:24]But again I'll try.

[00:36:31]I'm I'm leaving the air faster which means like the sound is not coming but I'm leaving the air slower sound is coming. Why this kind of thing is this balloon is cheating with me? Are balloon are you cheating with me? No.

[00:36:52]Right. Of course no it is not seated because balloon does its work.

[00:36:58]Yes. Exactly. What I'm doing is I'm just decreasing the size of the air molecules which is inside this no balloon. Okay.

[00:37:09]It wants to comes out.

[00:37:11]Okay. Imagine you guys are standing in a high queue queue and rush. Let's say you went for one room. You went for a shop.

[00:37:22]You see this room is fully filled with 100 people. Imagine how this small room will be. The moment you open the door, what you guys will do? Tell me quick quick what you guys will do.

[00:37:37]And I'm finished my tea.

[00:37:39]Yes, you guys will rush out. No.

[00:37:42]Similarly, this guy also want to rush out. Okay. So, let me share my screen once again. So I welcome all of you for the world of chemistry and everything all around us is made up of matter and what is this matter is made up of atoms and molecules.

[00:38:02]What is this atom? Atoms are the very very fundamental elements. Okay. Where let's say this everything all around us this bottle this beaker everything is made up of atoms. This balloon, the air molecules all around us are made up of atoms. And what is atom made up of? Can anyone tell me what is atoms are made up of?

[00:38:30]Quick, quick, quick. What are all these atoms made up of?

[00:38:43]Ah, yes. Of course. Of course, it will have its own mass. But if you take a brick, no brick, single brick, break that into two pieces, you you'll have two short bricks. Again, you break that, you get some more break, you'll get a sand particles or something. Then from that sand particle, you take only one sand that is atom. And if you interestingly see atoms consist of three subatomic particles. What are all they? They all called as protons, neutrons and electrons.

[00:39:31]Okay. Protons and neutrons will be inside the nucleus. They both are best friends. So like let's say you have an atom. So protons what I'm going to do?

[00:39:40]I'm going to write it as B. Neutrons I'm going to write it as N. Electrons I'm going to write it as E. So if you see here protons and neutrons will be inside the nucleus and electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.

[00:39:54]This is how the electrons will be like happily like how many of you had seen uh whenever you go for any theme park you'll have a giant wheel. No that round kind of thing. This you can think of an electron and the center protons and neutrons will be there.

[00:40:12]Is this clear?

[00:40:14]And basically till now they will tell that these are all the subatomic particles. You cannot divide the atoms further. But you can divide the atoms further. Okay? And this protons and neutrons are there. No, you can cut down that protons. What are these protons made up of? You if you take one proton alone, it is made up of quarks.

[00:40:42]Q U A R Ks quarks. Okay, protons are made up of quarks. And you you you call this quarks like how you have protons, neutrons, electrons. No, you you tell that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Similarly, this protons are made up of something called as quarks. Keep that in mind. Okay, you have let's say UU means up quarks. D means down quarks. Okay, what is U? U is up quarks.

[00:41:14]What is D? D means down quarks. Just keep that in mind. And something called as gluons. So this U U D is made up of let's say all this solid, liquid, gases, everything is made up of atoms. Correct?

[00:41:27]Whatever we have solid, I have this tumbler which is made up of solid and liquid. I have this water which is made up of liquid and gas oxygen which you are taking in and you gives out carbon dioxide. That is what you do in breathing. Correct? Everything that is made up of atoms. And this atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. And this protons are basically made up of quarks.

[00:41:56]And how many quarks make up that proton?

[00:41:59]Let's say you have two up quarks and one down quarks. See, I'm telling you these are all like highlevel chemistry. But this is very easy for you to understand.

[00:42:08]No, just getting lot of information. Now you you want I'm thinking I want you guys to you know think like a chemist.

[00:42:18]So if you talk about what uh what are all these things made up of when you go and suddenly you explain quons people will be like oh my god this guy knows much than me. Okay so I want you guys to think in that way.

[00:42:36]Okay is this do you guys think this is very harder? Just let me know in the chat box. No right this is but basically you need this protons are made up of quarks and this up quarks u u are up quarks and n is a down quarks they are connected by a force and that force you call it as gluons okay how many of you think sir this is so hard why why should we keep that in mind but I think I I want all of you to think like a scientist So gluons are nothing but it's a force where you know basically all the things this is connected by this this is connected by this is connected so this connecting force you call it as gluons very easy no it is not harder I don't think this is super hard and all but this is very very necessary for everyone to Understand?

[00:43:39]Okay. Is this clear? Right. So, basically when you look at this things, so solid, liquid, gases and we have started exploring about something called as water, matter is made up of matter has basically if I talk about matter. So matter which means like that has mass and occupy volume. that has mass that occupies volume then you call that as a matter. So solid that has a mass, liquid that has a mass, gas that has a mass also occupies volume. So everything they comes under matter.

[00:44:18]Okay. What are non-matter?

[00:44:23]Any examples that comes to your mind?

[00:44:24]What are non- matters?

[00:44:34]Non-matters are basically this uh light.

[00:44:37]You can think of light. Uh you can think of heat. You can think of electricity.

[00:44:43]You can think of your emotions.

[00:44:45]Everything that you can classify as non-matters. Okay. Right. And what do you see in this picture?

[00:44:53]What do you see in this picture? Can someone let me know?

[00:44:58]Probably many would have had this and this is very healthy too. What do you see in this picture?

[00:45:13]What do you see in this picture exactly? Fruit salad. Right. So this salad basically is a mixture because you can separate this tomato, you can separate the sprouts. Okay. So when two or more substance So what is a mixture?

[00:45:36]And two or more substance and two or more substance okay are mixed basically they mix it up and even though if you mix also they can retain its own property no then you call that as a mixture okay but if you take the individual substance let's say you can take out the sprouts you can take out the onion you can take out the tomato All those things you can call it as a components.

[00:46:10]What are all the components that mixture is made up of?

[00:46:14]Tomato, onion, sprouts, everything.

[00:46:17]Okay. So, what what are all the examples of mixture that you can give? Let's say pha. How many of you had poha?

[00:46:27]Flattener rice with vegetables and so on. That is what you call it as pha, right?

[00:46:37]Exactly. Uh so that is called as some examples of mixture and this sprout salads. Okay. These are all basically all the salads comes under mixture and there are different mixtures. Basically you can see here this is also a mixture.

[00:46:59]This is also a mixture. You put some salt here and pour some water.

[00:47:06]This is also a type of mixture.

[00:47:08]What about this? You have a tomato, you have beans, you have cucumber, everything is there, right? This is also a kind of mixture.

[00:47:20]But this mixture is not uniform. So you can call this as nonuniform mixture.

[00:47:29]What about this here?

[00:47:32]that just put off this so they evenly mix it up in the water. If you put some salt or sugar and you can mix it up with the water. No. So you can call this as a uniform mixture.

[00:47:47]Some more examples of uniform mixtures you can think about like you know you can call this as a special uniform mixture. Why? because uh they are all made up of metals. For example, the next thing you can see here, this is copper, this is brass and this is bronze.

[00:48:10]Everything you can see here one one items those stainless steel it is made up of you know iron, nickel, chromium. These are all some elements that are made up that uh you know stainless steel has. The steel guy is made up of iron, nickel, chromium, and carbon.

[00:48:34]Okay. What about brass? Brass is made up of copper and zinc. So brass is made up of copper and zinc.

[00:48:45]Okay, they are mixed uniformly.

[00:48:48]All are mixed uniformly.

[00:48:52]Now what about air? This air is a compound or a mixture.

[00:48:58]Can you guys let me know from this diagram only? You can see you can see here nitrogen. You can see here oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and other gases.

[00:49:13]So it is made up of 78% of you know nitrogen and this much amount of fat does not take part in the combustion.

[00:49:23]carbon dioxide that is very very smaller 0.04%.

[00:49:27]that and you can deduct that in test like lime water test since the picture is given I was just telling so basically you call it as it is a uniform mixture of gases make a note of uniform mixture of gases Okay.

[00:49:56]Say uniform mixture.

[00:50:02]Uniform mixture means when you mix something. No, they mix in the proper way. They won't be like for example if if your teachers ask you to stand in a queue. Let's say you stand one here, another here, another here. Is it like a uniform cube?

[00:50:24]No. You stand properly and the teacher should see only one guy. If she stands in front of you, that is what uniform.

[00:50:31]Let's say in your school you are wearing school uniform. No. Let's say everyone wears different different colors. Is that uniform? No. So it looks like it let's say sugar they dissolve in water.

[00:50:47]No. They uniformly get scattered around the space. That mixture you call it as uniform mixture.

[00:50:55]Okay. And oxygen you have oxygen we all the living beings take oxygen for uh you know respiration. Inside oxygen they gives carbon dioxide and water vapor everything is there. Okay. So basically uh there are different types of mixture you can categorize. For example, if we talk about mixture types, let's say gas and gas mixture. What you can call you can give air as an example. Okay. A gas and liquid. Gas and liquid.

[00:51:33]What you can tell? General water. H2O.

[00:51:36]Sir, where is the gas here? Oxygen is mixed in water. No, that you can call.

[00:51:42]What about the uh solid and gas? Any examples that you can give? Solid and gas, carbon particles in air. That is one very good examples. So carbon in air.

[00:52:04]What about liquid and liquid?

[00:52:08]Liquid and liquid, water and milk. You can tell or uh sand and no sand and water is solid and liquid. Liquid and liquid you can call it as uh uh vinegar.

[00:52:22]You can take example as vinegar. So here acid and water basically acidic acid in water. Acidic acid in water.

[00:52:33]And what about uh uh solid and liquid?

[00:52:36]Solid, liquid, mud and uh uh water or salt in water. You can tell solid and liquid.

[00:52:45]Solid and solid.

[00:52:48]Solid and solid examples.

[00:52:51]Basically the alloys that we have seen no different metals combines to form and baking powder everything.

[00:52:58]Okay. So this is all about mixture.

[00:53:02]These are all mixture. What about then pure substance?

[00:53:07]What is pure substance? Then is everything a mixture? No. There are some substance which are pure.

[00:53:16]Basically pure substance is one that has no other substance present.

[00:53:24]It cannot be separated into you know types that you call it as pure substance. examples all the elements and the compounds basically let's say you have this matter now matter you can divide into pure substance and mixture okay so that pure substance you have every elements because you cannot further divide that elements no and compounds what about mixture So mixture itself you have different types. Let us discuss that later. Mixture is like kind of substance they for example you can have a tea which I drink now that is one mixture. Pizza that is one mixture.

[00:54:17]Okay. Elements you have this tumbler is made up of stainless steel copper tumbler. If I have let's say copper, baking soda is a compound.

[00:54:30]All these things you have different different examples. Okay. Every product is labeled as pure in everyday life. Maybe they considered to be uh you know uh pure on one form and they are not uh you know whatever we get. No, we assume that we are getting a pure substance of water and so on. Okay, is this clear till now? Just let me know age in the chat box. Quick, quick, quick. Is this clear till now?

[00:55:07]Yes. Gray ice mixture balloon. Everyone just confirm me if this is clear. Till now we have started with you know mixture and we have we have generally started with matter then we have gone explored with what are elements what are compounds and uh what are mixtures super let us see few more examples and we will finish this off. Okay, basically elements let us explain elements.

[00:55:42]Elements are substance that cannot be broken down that we know. Okay. Uh so they forms the building block of you know any matter. Examples of elements whatever the elements you see in the periodic table that is also elements. So hydrogen, oxygen, gold, silver everything it forms elements.

[00:56:03]Okay.

[00:56:04]Each elements are made up of identical particular atom. See, hydrogen is made up of hydrogen atom. Okay. So, they will have the identical particles that is made up of.

[00:56:19]Let's say elements you can classify it as metals. Other metals, gold, silver, all these things are metals. and non-metals.

[00:56:28]Non-metals basically carbon, sulfur, all these things are called it as nonmetals.

[00:56:36]And metaloids between metals and nonmetals you call it as metaloids. So metaloids you can give some examples as what you can think of for metaloids.

[00:56:49]Uh silicon. Yes, silicon is a metal one. Okay.

[00:56:58]So these are all the elements. Okay. Now most of the elements cannot exist independently. So what they will do?

[00:57:06]They combine to form something like molecules of elements.

[00:57:11]Molecules of elements. What is this molecules of elements called as? Let's say two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom.

[00:57:26]Oh sorry two hydrogen atom combines with two oxygen atom and forms how much it forms a water let's say you have this is hydrogen atom one and this is hydrogen atom two that combines with let's say I'll mark another color oxygen this is oxygen this is oxygen this is like this how does that forms this is equal to let's say This this is one oxygen.

[00:57:58]This is another oxygen. Okay. This this this and here you can see here this hydrogen gets attached with this. You can see here and what is this? So 2 H2 plus O2 that gives you 2 H2O. See this is one water.

[00:58:22]This is one water. You can see here this is H. This is H. And this is O. This is H. This is H. And this is O. Okay. This is what the molecular model of water.

[00:58:35]Molecular model of water.

[00:58:39]It seems like interesting, right?

[00:58:43]Okay. So now that you got to know molecules, what about compounds? Two different elements combines to form a compound. That's it.

[00:58:52]So here the same water you have hydrogen one element, oxygen another element. So you can call water as a compound as well. Is this clear?

[00:59:04]Is this clear for everyone? Just let me know in the chat box quick.

[00:59:13]And uh there was one invention okay innovative material that scientists have found they called this as graphine aerogel.

[00:59:27]Okay. What is this graphine aerogel?

[00:59:31]This is basically uh you know you can consider this as a very very very light uh weight material that even a flower if you keep it on a flower that can hold it. Okay let me see that diagram is there or not. Uh yeah so basically after understanding of all these elements compounds mixture so these graphine aerogel is the lightest element on the earth this is made up of carbon atoms okay and extremely very light white they have high pores in it like a kind of sponge you can think of it okay so I'll give this is this visible oh this is something else is coming. Just give me a second whether I can take this.

[01:00:28]Oh, it is not coming. Just give me a second. I can take a snip of that and let me see whether it is coming or not.

[01:00:37]That's it. So, I won't take much of your time. I just wanted to show that. Okay.

[01:00:50]Oh my god, this is very bad.

[01:00:58]This is not coming.

[01:01:04]Yeah. So, this will be coming. Just see this. So, I'll show it here.

[01:01:12]You can see here.

[01:01:14]So this is a sponge kind of thing. You can see here this is made up of carbon.

[01:01:19]This will have lot of pores in it and even flour can hold that. Okay. Graphine aerogel. Okay. This is the lightest element that is found. I don't know whether any new element they have found after this. Okay. As far concerned this is what the lightest element they have formed. Right. So hope in today's class you know we have dealt with lot of things we started with you know helping uh uh who is stronger now you guys will be helping so uh to save earth whom you will be sending now to the Captain America now you guys know no who can help who cannot help what is the situation all those things so I'm just giving you it's up to You you can select any of the superheroes that you want. Maybe this guy is made up of this element. This guy is made up of this compound. All those things it's up to you. You can decide it and you can help Mr. Captain America to save and where are we? We are on the air. So let's decide. Until then this is Karthik said by Pasangla. Hope you enjoyed today's session and you learned many things and I did not bore you I guess. Okay. So, uh ma'am would have sent feedbacks. So, just give that feedbacks how was the session and all those things. Okay. And we'll connect you guys with another interesting session. Until then, this is Karthik this. Bye-bye.

[01:02:57]All of you just give your feedbacks and go right how you enjoyed this session all those things. If you tell only I'll get to know. Bye-bye.