The standard integration power rule (add 1 to the power and divide by the new power) fails when the power is -1, because it would result in division by zero; instead, the integral of x^(-1) is ln|x| + C.
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The ONLY Integration Rule That BreaksAdded:
Here's the one integration rule that it breaks everything. Most people learn integration like this. Add one to the power and divide by the new power.
What actually happens if the power is negative one? Using the normal rule, you get x to the power of zero divided by zero, and that makes no sense. So, this is the only major exception we have to the integration power rule. Instead of division by zero, we will get ln x + c.
Quick example. Let's integrate 3x dx. We will get 3 ln x + c.
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