SOLUBILITY TEST OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

[00:00:01]All right, good morning students.

[00:00:03][clears throat] In this video, I'm going to show you this text solubility of organic compounds.

[00:00:11]How to determine a particular organic compounds homologous series of organic compound that is present using a solubility test.

[00:00:24]All right, before we start, I want us to start first.

[00:00:31]We have that the organic compounds first. The organic compounds the organic compounds first they are classified into one.

[00:00:47]You must know that we have the acidic compounds.

[00:00:52]Let's talk about the acidic compounds.

[00:00:59]The acidic compounds are the phenolons.

[00:01:07]Phenols because they contain little amount of acid. And we also have the carosilic.

[00:01:17]We have the carosilic acid.

[00:01:22]So these two compounds are the fundamental compounds we are going to deliberate on they are acidic.

[00:01:30]Now if these compounds are acidic it means that in the presence of a litmos paper the thanks to tongues they will turn the litmos paper to what?

[00:01:44]So red that's what we're going to observe.

[00:01:48]Now if I have the next one which is a basic we know that we have the basic basic compounds.

[00:02:00]We have basic compounds or basic organic compounds which example of this example of this basic organic compounds is amine.

[00:02:14]The amine are basic.

[00:02:16]So if the amens are basic it simply means that in the presence of a litmos text or litmos paper the tongs the tongs to what to blue because they are basic.

[00:02:34]So you say that B are basic ones are acidic. And then also we have the organic compounds that are neutral.

[00:02:48]We have the neutral the neutral organic compounds. Neutral organic compounds.

[00:02:57]Okay.

[00:02:59]We have the neutral organic compounds and the examples of this neutral organic compounds. The examples are let's start from the first one which is alcohol. You know it as an alan.

[00:03:16]We have the alcohols. [clears throat] We also have the adihides.

[00:03:22]The adihides are neutral.

[00:03:25]Okay. We have a brother to add the heights which is the ketone.

[00:03:31]We have the ketone. We equally have the extras.

[00:03:37]Okay. We have the alane. Let's talk about all the hydrocarbons. The alkanes.

[00:03:43]The alkan and then we have the alkine.

[00:03:49]These are hydrocarbons. Don't forget I also mention that we also have the extras.

[00:03:56]Okay, these are the organic compounds that are what? Neutral. So what this simply means is that in the presence of a little paper, what happens is that they remain neutral. In the presence of little paper, digs are neutral meaning that no change. No what? Change meaning that we are going to experience no change. Are you getting it?

[00:04:27]So Dix are acidic compounds. Dix which are phenol caroxilic acid to compounds are acidic. Am I communicating? So in this video we are going to discuss these organic compounds which are called the packamines. We are going to talk about the packamines. Okay. We are going to talk about packamines. I will explain what park amines stands for.

[00:04:54]We are going to discuss the packamines where this P is phenol. A is for alihides. C is for caroxilic acid. K is for ketones. This A is for alcohol. And next one is called a packamines.

[00:05:12]So these are the organic compounds we are going to discuss talking about their solubility.

[00:05:18]If you follow this video to the end, I'm going to have episode 1, episode 2, episode 3, 4, 5, 6. If you follow this, you are going to score a in your practical. I will cover every aspect of this practical on organic chemistry.

[00:05:35]Okay.

[00:05:37]So, all right. So because of this I would want us to just go straight to litos paper text since we know the organic compounds that are acidic the ones that are neutral and the ones that are basic remember it is only amine that is basic from what I listed phenol and caroxilic acid are what acidic so let's assume that you have a sample and they say the sample of the organic compound Let's assume that it is sample A plus I have little let's have little paper. Okay, let's have little paper and then you observe that tongs the little paper let's say it turn red turn red okay let's say it turns red when it turns red what am I going to write on this my inference so the inference is going to be that sample A I will have that sample A is what acidic or I can say sample A is acidic what compound that will be my inference I'm going to write that my sample A is acidic compound now let us also assume that I have the sample I have the sample A+ lithos paper.

[00:07:22]Lithmos paper. And then it turns what?

[00:07:27]Blue.

[00:07:29]When it turns blue, is a sample acidic or basic. We can say that the sample A is what?

[00:07:39]Is basic. We can say the sample A is basic or sample A is a basic what compound is correct.

[00:07:52]Now let's also talk about the last one here. Let's assume that the sample A plus LMOS paper then no change meaning that the sample or the little paper is neutral. So what am I going to write? I will say sample A is a neutral compound.

[00:08:28]So this exactly what I'm going to do.

[00:08:32]This exactly what I'm going to do. And you know that when the sample is red, it is acidic. What are the acid here? The acid index is talking about phenol caroxilic acid. These are the two acidic compounds. And when it turns to blue, it means that it is only talking about what am I mean. Here sample A is neutral. We have what somebody we are going to be targeting something like neutral compounds which are the aanox adihides ketones aren okay alkyes so forth and so on. So this is exactly what we are going to have. Now since we are talking about solubility let's also talk about how we can discuss dakes in the presence of a dixed water and see what will happen. So I said in this video that if you pay attention you are going to understand everything from beginning to the end. So let's have dix eggs the shortcut pamine. Okay this pamine what does d stands for? B stands for phenol.

[00:09:46]Bake stands for what? Phenol.

[00:09:50]Bake stands for what?

[00:09:52]Adihi.

[00:09:54]Bake stands for what?

[00:09:57]Carosilic acid.

[00:10:02]D stands for what?

[00:10:04]Ketones.

[00:10:07]Dick stands for what?

[00:10:10]Alcohol.

[00:10:12]And this one alone stands for what? And mean.

[00:10:17]So these are the organic compounds that we are going to discuss the solubility text. These are the organic compounds that we're going to discuss. So the shortcut that one should know is that in my class I told my students that parkin that all packine all packamines are soluble. Okay. So you know that all first thing is that all packamines are soluble in what? In dictate water. So every person that is here all of them are soluble in dictate water. That is the first thing that you must try to understand. They are all soluble in dictate water. Okay. If alakamines are soluble in water, it means that phenol alihides, caroxilic acid, ketones, alcohols, amines are all soluble in water. Now in solubility test there are some reagent that we normally use.

[00:11:21]This reagent are reagent like water.

[00:11:24]Yes, we use a dixed water first because you are going to mix it to know whether if they dissolve. You also talk about the litmos paper.

[00:11:38]Okay.

[00:11:40]After the lithos paper, we talk about sodium hydroxide. We are going to use sodium hydroxide.

[00:11:47]We are going to use sodium bicarbonate.

[00:11:51]We are also going to use HCL and this HCL is dilute.

[00:11:58]So we are going to use sometimes they can use HE2 SO4. It all depends. Okay.

[00:12:05]Now all these things are the reagent that you are going to use under solubility test. Class you know that in Dixed water I have explained that all the packines all these things are solubable in Dixed water which means that phenol alihides caroxilic acid ketones akenos and amines all of them are soluble then when we talk about lithos paper I've shown you how it works that for litmos paper the acidic compounds they turns red acidic compounds are from this pack are the phenos and the caroxyic acid. So they turns red. Now the basic is only the amine which turns blue. And any other person that you are seeing here which is the alihides, the ketones and the alcohol from this my formula are all neutral. I don't want us to talk about alkanes, alkanes, alkyes and experts. Let's concentrate with this pack of minds because if you are a student of UNIC this is exactly what you are going to say in your exam or you are a student of UN any Nigerian university.

[00:13:24]So now if this is that let's talk about this sodium hydroxide what happens packamines what happens packamines with sodium hydroxide.

[00:13:35]So one should know that pacamines which are the amine phenol adhesives caroxilic acid ketones and alcohols.

[00:13:49]What happens is that every pacamines every pamines are soluble in sodium hydroxide except the amine.

[00:14:02]except the amines, the adihides, the alihides and the alcohols and ketones. So I am going to explain to you what happens. What happens here is that I said the amines are not soluble in sodium hydroxide. We also talk about the alihides.

[00:14:27]The alihides are not soluble also the ketones are not oxo soluble and then we talk about the what the alcohols I'm going to explain why this are not soluble so it means that when you use sodium hydroxide what you are going to confirm is that phenol will be soluble if the organic compound that you want to confirm is phenol is going to be soluble in sodium hydroxide. Meaning that there is a reaction which means that phenos will react because of the little amount of the acid that is present in this phenol.

[00:15:10]Remember that aid react with base to give us salt and water. So this phenol tends to react with this personin to produce salt and water. This person is a caroxilic acid. So because caroxyic acid is an acid it can react with sodium hydroxide to produce salt and water.

[00:15:34]So apart from this phenol and caroxilic acid any other person from this any other person from this pamine formula it's insoluble in sodium hydroxide.

[00:15:47]So which means that this sodium hydroxide is a text that we can use to confirm phenol and that of caroxilic acid also when it is soluble and when it is insoluble we should be talking about the alihides the ketones and the alcohols and the amines remember I said I'm going to explain why they are not soluble now amines are base. The amines are based and you know that sodium hydroxide are also based. So you don't expect a base to react with a base and then it will be something that will be missable. So this is B and this is a B which means that I'm going to have it to be insoluble.

[00:16:37]Now also the alihides the alihides does not contains an acid.

[00:16:44]No acid here also no acid here and then when you react it with base it's not going to form salt and water because it is neutral. Now the ketones oxo is also neutral no acid present. So when you reactate with it no it will be insoluble. So it will not be soluble so forth and so although I know that there are some contradictions in the lab remember that when you carry out this experiment anything you have is exactly what you are going to report. Okay.

[00:17:22]So when you look at this when you look at this my formula pack amine pack amine now it is only the acidic compounds that will dissolve in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The acidic compounds you see here are the phenol and that of the caroxilic acid. So this one is not acidic is neutral. It cannot dissolve in sodium hydroxide.

[00:17:47]This is neutral. cannot dissolve in sodium hydroxide. This is neutral.

[00:17:52]Cannot dissolve in sodium hydroxide.

[00:17:55]This is basic cannot dissolve in sodium hydroxide.

[00:18:00]Am I communicating? Though there are some contradictions sometimes when you go to the lab you see something where it will misbehave and some of them will dissolve. I don't know.

[00:18:11]So you see that this amine cannot dissolve in sodium hydroxide but rather because it is basic rather it can react with dilute hydrochloric acid it can dissolve in the presence of hexy because it is what a base. So base and acid can react. Acid acid cannot react. Acid and any compound that does not contain a base cannot be soluble.

[00:18:41]Okay. So let's look at it. So you see that from the reagent I have from this reagent I have taught you how we can confirm it. I've taught you how we can confirm it. And now let us also quickly look at this sodium bicarbonate.

[00:19:01]So this sodium bicarbonate is always used to you know show that it contains an arenoic acid.

[00:19:16]It's just this is a text that we normally use to distinguish between phenol and that of what anoic acid.

[00:19:23]Remember that phenol remember that phenol and the caroxilic acid two of them contains what? These two presence contains acid. This contain acid and this contain acid. So now in the presence of this sodium bicarbonate what happens is that you are going to observe it's going to be soluble. Okay?

[00:19:50]If you put this you it will be soluble.

[00:19:53]It will be soluble which means reactions have taken place with strong efficent.

[00:20:01]You are going to observe a strong what fencecent that's what we are going to observe here in the presence of dates. It will be soluble and then you have a strong fence. While for phenol when you put this you are going to observe it's going to be immixable or insoluble and here you witness no what favent you are going to witness no avicent in this and then in this case you are going to witness what it's going to be solable with strong fent so this is a text that I can use to distinguish between the phenol and that of what caroxilic acid since both of them contains an acid. Now the last one is this dilute HCL class.

[00:21:01]This dilute HCL is used to confirm whether the organic compound contains an amine or not. So when you mix the organic compound with this let's say sample now of the organic compound with dilute HCL and then if it is mixable I come again if it is mixable if it is mixable you are going to say that let's assume that it is mixable which is solable you are going to write on your inference that amine amin is present present.

[00:21:40]But when you have the sample plus dilute XC and then it is insoluble or immixable, it is immixable. What you are going to write is that amine is what? Absent. So what did you observe from this? that this HCL is used to confirm the presence of amine.

[00:22:06]Whenever we are discussing solubility text and this sodium bicarbonate is also used to confirm the presence of what?

[00:22:15]Caroxilic acid.

[00:22:18]Whenever we want to confirm this and then let us just go straight to the point and say likely exam questions.

[00:22:29]Now look at this question. I read the question says sample Y was given to you identify the organic compound present in Y. So in this text you are going to identify the organic compound that is present in Y. Now this is an experiment that I'm going to perform in the lab. But I want to assume now that what I have that my organic compound is going to be caroxyic acid.

[00:23:02]Remember caroxyic acid. So what happens when you dissolve caroxilic acid in water. Remember I want to assume I can write mix right bits without even touching the experiment. I am assuming that the organic compound is caroxyic acid. So I will start. Does caroxilic acid dissolves in water? The answer is yes. Oppamine dissolves in water. So what I will write here is what? Mixable.

[00:23:33]What I will write is mixable or my observation.

[00:23:37]What will be my inference? Anything that is mixable remember water is used to determine the polarity whether if it is polar or non-polar. So what I'll write here is that sample Y sample Y is a polar is a polar what compound that's what I'm going to write sample Y is a polar compound I've gotten that and the examiner will score me my mark me my mark now look at this sample Y plus universal litos paper now since I I am targeting caroxilic acid. Is it going to turn red or blue? Plus, it will turn what? Turn red. It's going to turn red.

[00:24:27]So, because it turns red, what will be my inference? What will be my inference?

[00:24:36]What will be my inference? My inference here is that sample Y is an acidic compound.

[00:24:52]Sample Y is an acidic compound or sample Y is acidic compound. Okay. So when you write it, you have your mark again.

[00:25:05]The next one is sample Y plus sodium hydroxide. Now does acidic compounds react with sodium hydroxide? The answer is yes. Do they react? Remember I said phenol acidic and that of caroxilic acid acidic. So because it react we are going to have it to be what? Mixable.

[00:25:27]Mixable right? Mixable here simply means it is solubable. That's what it means.

[00:25:34]meaning reaction have taken place. So now what am I going to write?

[00:25:40]What am I going to write?

[00:25:42]So what am I going to write? So remember that from our shortcut from pacamine from pamine from pamine from pamine we said it is only the phenol and that of the word cabilica that can react with this sodium hydro. This is a standard question professional. So what I'm going to have here is I have phenol carzilic acid what present. That's what I'm going to have.

[00:26:20]I have phenol caroxilic acid present.

[00:26:24]Okay. Now look at this is where we have phenolic acid present. I want to confirm whether if it is phenol or caroxilic acid that is present. I will now carry out this text. Sample Y plus sodium bicarbonate. Remember my target is that I am targeting caroxilic acid. So am I going to have reaction? The answer is yes. So I will have that it is mixable with strong epheavent.

[00:27:04]So what am I going to have? I have mixable with strong epheavescent. So what do you observe now? I will write that caroxilic acid caroxilic acid present.

[00:27:21]Are you seeing it? So I'm done with that one. Now this one remember that this text is used to confirm the presence of amine under solubility. So as long as we said caroxilic acid is present, I don't need the holy ghost to tell me that this is going to be what? Immixable. So it's going to be immixable or we say it is insoluble. So I will say immixable.

[00:27:46]It's going to be immixable.

[00:27:48]Okay. Remember that if it is mixable what am I going to write? I will write that amin is present. But now that it is immixable what am I going to write? I will write that amin is what? Absent.

[00:28:05]That is that. So I have confirmed this.

[00:28:09]I've confirmed it. So what am I going to write? I will now tell the examiner that sample Y is a noic acid.

[00:28:27]Or one can write that sample Y is a polar caroxilic acid. Or we can say sample Y is a polar carzilic acid. That's what I will write. So when you look at it properly, you see how we have we have gotten the answer correctly.

[00:28:58]Look at this. This is correct. Are you getting it? So this is exactly what we have. This is part one. Please I advise you to always follow Bick's YouTube channel to the end. Watch all the videos. You will understand all the practical experiment on Ken 108.

[00:29:20]Now class, let's look at this particular one. Now look at this very well. You are given a sample A. The question says sample A was given to you. Identify the organic compound present in A using solubility text. Now I want to perform this experiment and I want to assume that the organic compound is phenol.

[00:29:45]The organic compound is phenol. Let's assume that. So what am I going to see?

[00:29:52]Plus remember that all pamines are soluble.

[00:29:56]All pamines are solubable. is f not going to dissolve. We say the answer is mixable.

[00:30:05]It is mixable. So because it is mixable, we say sample A is a polar what? Compound. Sample A is a polar compound.

[00:30:21]Now when we have the sample A plus LOS paper is phenol. Remember we are we want to assume phenol is phenol going to be is it going to turn to red or blue? It contains some acid so it will turn red.

[00:30:37]So we say turn what red. So what am I going to write on my inference? Since it turns red what am I going to write? We said sample A is acidic.

[00:30:51]Sample A is what?

[00:30:54]acidic compound.

[00:30:57]That's what I'm going to write. Sample A is acidic compound. Now, sodium hydroxide.

[00:31:06]Acidic compounds today react with sodium hydroxide. The answer is yes. So, I am going to write it is going to be mixable because it contains some acid to react with sodium hydroxide to give us salt and water. So, I will have mixable. is going to be mixable meaning that there is a reaction. So since it is mixable what am I suspecting? I will have phenol carbo zilic acid present.

[00:31:39]Huh that is what I will have. And then we go into this which is the next text.

[00:31:46]Now we go into this which is the next text. Remember that this text is used to confirm the presence of caroxilic acid.

[00:31:55]It's going to be used to confirm the presence of caroxilic acid.

[00:32:00]So what I will now have is that it's going to be what? Immixable.

[00:32:07]So it's going to be immixable.

[00:32:11]No what?

[00:32:15]Fent.

[00:32:18]to know Favct.

[00:32:20]So what am I going to write here? What am I going to write here? We are going to write that aanoic acid or caroxyic acid absent.

[00:32:37]So if caroxilic acid is absent and this thing that you're addressing you already know that the answer is feno. I don't want to write feno. Even if you write feno present I don't want to write it.

[00:32:46]So what is correct here is caroxilic acid what absent and finally this is for amin we use this to confirm for amine.

[00:32:56]So it is also going to be what immixable.

[00:33:01]So I will write that amine is what absent that's what I will write. So I have confirmed that this is a phenol. So I will now say that sample this is my conclusion.

[00:33:18]Sample A is a polar is polar and it's phenol.

[00:33:33]We can say sample A is polar and is phenol.

[00:33:38]Are you getting it? So I have identified this as my answer. This is exactly what I can do if it is phenol. Look at it very well. Watch it very well.

[00:33:52]Now let's look at this. Let's look at this. This is also another question.

[00:33:59]And then we are given let me read it because sample K was given to you.

[00:34:04]Identify the organic compounds present in K. So in this case I want to assume that my K is amin. Let me assume am mean. Now if I assume as an amine sample K plus water is it going to dissolve?

[00:34:19]The answer is yes miserable. Why? Because all pamines are solubable.

[00:34:27]So what am I going to write? I will say sample Kane.

[00:34:33]Sample K is a polar compound. That's what I'm going to write. Sample K is polar compound. Now sample K plus LOS paper. What happens?

[00:34:48]I mean are basic. So it will is going to turn what? Turn blue. They are basic. So what am I going to write? I will say that sample K is basic.

[00:35:04]Sample K is basic.

[00:35:06]We can say sample K is a basic compound.

[00:35:11]We can say sample K is a basic compound.

[00:35:17]Is it correct?

[00:35:19]Now in the presence of sodium hydroxide, my question here is that does amine does amine react with sodium hydroxide because sodium hydroxide is a base.

[00:35:30]Amine is a base. is going to be immixable. So I will have immixable.

[00:35:37]It's going to be immixable. I am targeting an amine.

[00:35:42]So since it is immixable, what am I going to write as my inference?

[00:35:48]What am I going to write as my inference? Remember what I have here? I will write a mean and what I have here is turn blue. So since it turns blue it is not an acid and then it is immixable. Among the packamines if you check my packain you have that it is only phenol phenol and caroxyic acid that are soluble in sodium hydroxide from that formula. So amine is insoluble alihides are insoluble but alihides are neutral. So this is amine present.

[00:36:29]Then sample K plus D. What am I going to have? Dates is used to test for the presence of caroxyic acid. So I'm also going to have what? Immixable.

[00:36:41]No what?

[00:36:45]Feense.

[00:36:49]So what am I going to write?

[00:36:53]Caroxyic acid absent.

[00:36:59]caroxilic acid absent.

[00:37:02]Now this is used to confirm the presence of amine. So what am I going to have?

[00:37:08]It's going to be missable.

[00:37:10]It's going to be missable here. So I will now write that am mean is what?

[00:37:18]Present.

[00:37:20]I mean is present because it's going to be the So what is my conclusion? I will now write that sample K.

[00:37:28]Sample K is a polar compound or you can put bracket right and main if you want it this way means that you have identified it or you can write or you can say sample K is a mean.

[00:37:54]sample K is amine.

[00:37:56]So this is how we can identify this.

[00:38:00]Okay.

[00:38:01]This how we can identify this. So finally let's just talk about for adihides for adihides. Let's talk about for adihides only adihides and ketones. Then I would want you to go to the next video and go to the next series which is elemental analysis. I am going to conclude all the experiment in my YouTube. That's exactly what you're going to write.

[00:40:04]or not.

[00:40:06]>> That's what I That's what I am.

[00:40:34]Bring that this thing for me. That my practical.

[00:40:39]Check chemistry. Practical. Practical.

[00:40:42]No, not that one. Not that one. Yes, that one. Bring it.

[00:40:50]Find me my pen. My pen.

[00:41:13]Go, go, go, go, go. Don't come here.

[00:41:14]Don't come here. Go test for me. What?

[00:41:18]Test for you.

[00:41:52]I see you.