The International Space Station (ISS) is a massive orbital laboratory orbiting Earth at 408 km altitude, traveling at 7.66 km per second to complete a full circuit every 92 minutes; launched in 1998 and continuously inhabited since November 2000, it spans 109 meters and weighs over 420,000 kg, serving as the largest human-made structure in low Earth orbit where astronauts conduct microgravity research in fluid dynamics, cellular biology, and material science that cannot be replicated on Earth's surface; due to atmospheric drag, the ISS requires periodic reboosts to maintain its altitude and prevent gradual decay and atmospheric re-entry, while remaining visible to the naked eye at magnitude -3.6, making it one of the brightest objects in the night sky after the Moon and Venus.
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The International Space Station orbits Earth at an altitude of approximately 408 km traveling at 7.66 km per second.
Fast enough to complete a full orbital circuit every 92 minutes. Launched in 1998 and continuously inhabited since November 2000, it is the largest human-made structure in low Earth orbit spanning 109 m across and weighing over 420,000 kg. On board, astronauts conduct research in microgravity that is simply impossible to replicate on the surface.
Fluid dynamics, cellular biology, material science, all behaving differently when the force of gravity is effectively removed. The station's orbit is not fixed. Due to atmospheric drag at low Earth orbit, it requires periodic reboosts to maintain altitude. Without them, it would gradually decay and re-enter the atmosphere.
Visible to the naked eye at magnitude -3.6, it is one of the brightest objects in the night sky, outshone only by the moon and Venus.
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