HSSC Staff Nurse Paper 2026 | #HSSC staff Nurse paper Exam date 5 May 2026 Shift 3 #hssc

Ajouté : 2026-05-27

[00:00:00]Welcome back to our YouTube channel Medical in Nurses. Now here you can see a paper on the screen which was conducted on 5th May.

[00:00:06]Now where did this paper of ours take place? It was conducted through HSSC.

[00:00:11]So here there are total four question papers of this type which will be given to you in four classes.

[00:00:16]Now those who are going to have their exam in the coming time, they should look at this thing carefully.

[00:00:20]Here is the paper which was conducted by HSSC for the post of Staff Nurse Assistant Staff Nurse for Graduation and Diploma level.

[00:00:28]So here, all those who are looking at this paper, you will find complete nursing questions here. There are also non-nursing questions. Now, for those who have upcoming exam for HSSC, these questions will definitely be helpful for them. Besides this, it will also be helpful for other people who are appearing for nursing exams.

[00:00:44]Many people comment that whenever you conduct any paper, which particular paper is it?

[00:00:51]Which shift is it from? You must tell me that thing.

[00:00:53]So here I have clearly shown the paper because the PDF format that came to me was a little blurry, so I have brought it to you in text format.

[00:01:02]So here is your paper of 5th May. It is the third shift paper. The question of this paper is Which of the following organs found in the pelvic cavity is part of the female reproductive system? So what organ of the female reproductive system is found in the pelvic cavity? The options include clitoris, ovaries, monsbis and labia minora. Now whatever organs have been given to you here, we are talking about the internal organs in the pelvic cavity.

[00:01:33]So what are the labia minora, the monsfubis, and the clitoris? Parts of the external genital organs.

[00:01:41]Pay attention here. The external genital organs here are the clitoris, monsfubis and labia minora.

[00:01:48]What happens to your ovary here? Ovari which is what will happen here? What is an ovary? Of the reproductive system and which is an organ found in the pelvic cavity.

[00:01:58]Here we have ovary, uterus and fallopian tube. Where will these be? Will remain in the pelvic cavity. The rest are Moschus, Clitor, Levia, Minora, Majora.

[00:02:09]What is everyone here? External genital organ.

[00:02:12]Our next question is A microbiologist, so a microbiologist is examining a bacterial sample under the microscope using a Gram staining. He observes small, spherical-shaped, purple-colored, and organisms arranged in clusters based on this micromorphology and staining pattern. Which of the following organisms is most likely present? Now here in the question you are told that you are a microbiologist. He examined the bacterial sample.

[00:02:48]In which? By using Gram staining method.

[00:02:50]Now here you should know that Gram staining is the method which will be used here. So here it is said that what are the bacteria based on this method? Is. Its shape is small. It is in spherical shape. It is purple in color and is arranged in cluster form. So what is the quality of the bacteria mentioned here? The spherical shape is small. It is spherical in shape. It is purple in colour and is in clusters. So here these things which have been described as morphology and staining pattern on S are of this color.

[00:03:22]So which microorganism would this be? E. coli, Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. So here all these qualities that he has mentioned in the cluster will be spherical in shape and here it is purple in colour, so which one will it be? Our Staphylococcus aureus. What will happen?

[00:03:44]Staphylococcus aureus. Now if you are asked here about the shape of Ecoli.

[00:03:51]What shape is Ecolai? E. coli is rod shaped, how will it be rod shaped, so what were you asked here, you simply said it is spherical shaped, so yours will not be E. coli, now if you are asked, your question has been collected from here, you have to remember the question in this manner, then you were asked whether it is from Bacillus anthrasis, the disease which is caused by Bacillus anthrasis generally in cows, will it cause anthrax, what will be the chances of getting anthrax and what is this here? These are gram positive bacteria. What is? It is a gram positive bacteria. And there will be transfer from animal to human.

[00:04:30]But if we talk about its shape, what is it here? Here if we talk about its microbiology and shape then it will also be road shaped. how about? This is also a rod shaped bacteria. There are gram positive bacteria and sporeforming bacteria.

[00:04:47]Sporeforming gram positive and rod shaped bacteria. And what will happen from here? There will be a disease called anthrasis. Here if you know their shape then the shape of coli is rod shaped. Bacillus anthracis is rod shaped.

[00:05:03]What shape is Streptococcus pneumoniae? So here you will be able to answer easily.

[00:05:05]Is it clear? Our next question is A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with acanthemia keratitis.

[00:05:14]I had told you this question earlier also.

[00:05:16]Which anti-protozoa drug should be selected for tropical use for tropical ocular administration to target the causative organism effectively? So here you are told that there is Acanthamoeba keratitis. What will happen in this? In Canth Amoeba, people who use contact lenses for a long time will have redness and pain in their eyes.

[00:05:38]Sometimes you may also have blood vision and if you avoid it for a long time, you may even lose your vision. So here the question is which anti-protozoal drug will be effective here?

[00:05:51]What is acanth amoeba keratitis? Here it is a protozoal infection. So what drug is needed in this? Anti-protozoal is needed. Now the Ivermectin ointment will not be applicable here. will be. If there is scabies etc. then we will use it. Azthromycin is an antibiotic so it will also not be useful.

[00:06:06]Albendazole does not come in eye drops.

[00:06:08]This will be used on your helminthic infection.

[00:06:12]Now the drug of choice here will be polyhexamethylene bioguanide solution which will be considered appropriate for topical use.

[00:06:23]Chlorohexidine also, if it is not polyhexamethylene biguanide here then you have other medicines which can also be used here. clear? Next is our question. Now you are asked the sequence which you should remember by tip of tongue. Which is the correct sequence for abdominal assessment in a physical examination? If physical examination is to be done, what will be the correct assessment? In the options you have inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, then you have palpation, percussion, auscultation and inspection, so here you have been given four options, out of these you have to tell which one is the correct sequence? So what will you do first? Will inspect.

[00:07:12]What to do? Will inspect. So in your two options it is there in A and also in B sorry it is there in D also. So now you will not have B and C, when you will start, you will do it after inspecting. Then what will you do? Will do auscultation. Then you will perform auscultation. Then you will do percussion and at last you have to do palpation. So who will you mark here? Option number four. You may be asked these sequences.

[00:07:36]You will check only during inspection.

[00:07:38]Auscultation is where you will check the lungs and heart sounds. In percussion, what you will do here is to check the ear and all these things. In palpation, by palpating the left palpation, that is, by touching, to see if there is splenomegaly or hepatomegaly, where is the pain, all these things will be checked by palpating. So here you can remember IAPP.

[00:08:04]Here you can remember inspection, auscultation, percussion and palpation. Next is the question, our Mr. Ram is admitted in the ICU for a prolonged neurological problem which complication is commonly associated with prolonged immobility. So here there is a patient named Ram who is in the ICU. He has been suffering from neurological problems for a long time. Now what complication will he develop? If he remains immobile for a long time. Meaning you will not be able to walk again. So what complications will occur due to immobility? Hunger will increase. Increased appetite means increased appetite. Blood pressure will increase, meaning hypertension will occur. There will be tachycardia, meaning the pulse rate will increase or there will be deep thrombosis ( DBT) in which there is hormonal sign which is its classical sign, so if the patient remains ill for a long time, if the patient is ill for a long time, then there are chances of having a bad stroke, but if the patient is immobile due to neurological complications, then here he has a problem in hormonal sign, which will be a problem, that is, DBT, we will simply say that there will be redness due to thrombosis and clot formation in the deep veins. There will be severe pain in the calf muscles. There will be more difficulty in walking.

[00:09:17]If you have had an immobile for a long time.

[00:09:19]So what does the doctor tell you after the surgery?

[00:09:23]Keep moving your hands and legs a little. And the deep athrombosis that occurs most often in DBT is the eye veins of your calf muscles that are most affected.

[00:09:33]So you have to remember this thing. And what if you ask for the classical sign of DBT? Homan sign. Which of the following is a long acting beta2 agonist used in the management of chronic asthma? If someone has been suffering from asthma for a long time, then here is the long acting beta 2 agonist.

[00:09:54]So what are your options here?

[00:09:56]Sal butamol. What is? Salbutamol, theophylline, apratropium and salmetriol. So here you remember, like it is said butamol, what is this? It is short acting.

[00:10:11]What should you do if someone immediately If you want to use an inhaler, you can use it here.

[00:10:16]What is this called? Short acting beta 2 agonist. Remember here it is a short acting broncho dilator.

[00:10:24]When are bronchodilators used? When our spasm is seen.

[00:10:30]What's going on in the entire airway? Spasms were observed. So to delete, pay deleter will be used here. So what will Sale Butamol be? It is a short acting broncho dilator.

[00:10:38]Here, if we talk about its category, it is beta 2 agonist but what is it? Short acting. Now what are you asked in the options? Long acting has been asked.

[00:10:47]Then what is yours here?

[00:10:50]Theophylline. What is there here? Theophylline.

[00:10:53]It is also used because it is also a bronchodilator. But it is used.

[00:10:58]When?

[00:10:59]When will it be used here? This is generally your broncho dilator but here it is used mostly in tablet form. And if your patient is suffering from chronic asthma for a long time, then the medication you will give him here will be salmethriol. What will happen?

[00:11:18]Solmetriol. You can give Apratropium.

[00:11:24]You can give Aprotropium here. But here it will be known as Ipratropium Bromide, it is an anticholinergic bronchodilator. So it is used here as a long acting beta 2 agonist. And here spirtropium is generally used in COPD and asthma patients but here it has been highlighted that you will have a long acting beta 2 agonist, so that will be your solmetriolin here. The next question is: A hospital researcher selects every fifth nurse from a staff list to participate in a study which probability sampling technique does this present. Look here, the sample has been collected, every fifth nurse from the staff list has been selected to participate in the study. Every fifth nurse has been selected.

[00:12:14]What sampling technique is this here? Stratified random sampling types, systematic sampling, cluster sampling and simple random sampling. So in simple random sampling, anyone can be picked from anywhere.

[00:12:27]Everyone in the cluster will be used here in sampling.

[00:12:32]Now here it will be our case that some things are selected here. What is? They are selected that in the list that you have, every fifth nurse is being represented in the sampling technique.

[00:12:46]So this will be our systematic sampling technique.

[00:12:52]Next One Is After Losing a Parent to a Year-Old Child Is Hospitalized?

[00:13:03]Hospitalize What approach should the nurse use to assist the child with the grip process? It is said here that a seven-year-old child has been hospitalized. He has parents who have passed away.

[00:13:14]So how do you manage the grief process in your child? He is a seven year old child.

[00:13:23]Mom and dad have died. Advise the child not to talk about this matter with others. Encourage the child to express their feelings through playful activities.

[00:13:32]Distract the child from thoughts related to the diseased parent and reward the child for positive behavior during the hospitalization. Look, this child is just seven years old. Here, how do you manage the loss that the child has suffered after his parents are gone?

[00:13:49]How will you manage the grief process i.e. his pain and suffering? Here the first advice is to advise the child not to talk about this matter with others. So you don't have to do it at all. The child will start feeling suffocated inside. Then we have to distract ourselves. After his parents leave, try to distract him by not talking about them.

[00:14:10]So this is not a possibility.

[00:14:12]You can do this with other small children.

[00:14:15]Neither do I have to give any reward. There is no question of reward at all. Here what you have to say to the child is that he should express whatever he is feeling.

[00:14:21]That too along with playful activities so that whatever grief process may be going on inside him gets denied. It is possible that the child may not go into depression. So what to do to manage all these things? You have to encourage the child to express his feelings.

[00:14:40]Then there is our question.

[00:14:44]A Child Wants to Observe and Interview Local Residents to Understand the Influence of Culture on Patient Care in a Rural Community. A nurse wants to observe and interview local residents to understand the influence of culture on patient care in a rural community. Which research approach should be chosen? So here's As a Nurse, what does that do? You take the interview. Whose?

[00:15:11]Regarding your culture of patient care, especially in rural communities, which research approach are you adopting in villages and rural areas?

[00:15:20]Correlational Research Approach, Historical Research Approach, Descriptive Research Approach and Ethnographic Research Approach.

[00:15:28]Which research are you pursuing here? So what's the first thing that went here? It has been said that among your local residents, whom are you interviewing? It is about local residents who are taking interviews.

[00:15:42]So when you interview the local residents here, what are you telling them about the practice of serving and caring for patients in rural areas? Is this culture there? So what will be your research approach here?

[00:16:00]Correlational Historical Descriptive So here it will be our which ethnographic research approach will be ethnographic research approach correlational means that either here there are specifically two variables regarding anything, that is you can ask here directly you have to ask how many hours you spend on the phone or what is the level of anxiety, so here in a way there are four types disc descriptive correlational experimental so what will happen to you in descriptive research here?

[00:16:36]In descriptive, you will talk about whatever situation is there here.

[00:16:40]But what do you want to talk about directly here?

[00:16:44]Regarding culture. With whom?

[00:16:47]Regarding culture. And what will happen to you regarding culture here? Ethnographic research approach. The next one is at its anatomical location is the apical pulse best auscultated in an adult. So here's where you'd best check the apical pulse in the patient.

[00:17:06]Fourth intercostal space right side Sixth intercostal space anterior line left side. Second intercostal space left of sternum and fifth intercostal space mid clavicle line left side. So here's where you'll be able to check the apical pulse best. Apical pulse means the one you check on the left side of the chest.

[00:17:33]Now look here where it is mentioned on the left side.

[00:17:35]So here there will be two options on the left side. Where will our heart be? On the left side. So you will also check the apical pulse there. So that would be our fifth intercostal space mid clavicular line on the left side.

[00:17:50]Now you have to remember that if the patient is found unconscious, then which pulse should be checked first and in case of an adult, if you talk about an adult then you will check the carotid.

[00:18:02]What if there are babies? If the child is an infant then the apical pulse has to be checked. But here you are asked where to check the apical pulse in an adult? It will be in the fifth intercostal space. Now the question is that when you check the carotid pulse in a patient, for how long should you do it? Less than 10 seconds? Do not check for more than 10 seconds.

[00:18:22]Recently this type of question was asked in MPSB exam. Next is Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of acute psychotic disorder? If someone has acute psychotic disorder in the short term, meaning it has been present for a short time.

[00:18:41]What symptoms will be seen if there is a psychotic disorder? Altered level of consciousness, disturbance in feeling, sudden onset of delusions and hallucinations, and gradual onset of pain. What will we see?

[00:18:56]If the patient has been having the problem for a short period of time. There is talk of looking at psychotic symptoms.

[00:19:02]So here if someone's consciousness is chronic for a long time then his consciousness level will change. Feelings will change. There will be delusional hallucinations. But psychotic symptoms have been reported in someone recently.

[00:19:15]Meaning, he will feel the pen type anywhere and at any time. Gradual onset of pain.

[00:19:24]So what we said here is that if psychotic symptoms are talked about in the short term, it means acute. Acute psychotic disorder. Meaning, if there is a problem in the recent one, then what will happen to him only?

[00:19:34]The onset of pain is the symptom that will appear here.

[00:19:37]Rest of the level of consciousness, disturbance of feeling and sudden delusion hallucination, all these things have been happening to him for the last 6 months as if he has a psychotic problem like schizophrenia.

[00:19:48]Your like here has turned into depression here, your like has turned into mania.

[00:19:52]All this will happen in them. Next is our question.

[00:19:57]A nurse is talking to a young patient who is afraid of being admitted to the hospital?

[00:20:03]What is the most effective strategy for providing emotional support? If you admit a young patient, what is happening to the patient? I am afraid of getting admitted to the hospital.

[00:20:13]Meaning, young patient means a person of younger age here. I am afraid of getting admitted.

[00:20:19]So here you are the one who will provide emotional support to him so that he gets ready to get admitted. The option is here. So what has been said? Comparing the child's experience with that of adult patients. You will compare the child's experience with that of an adult patient. The second is using appropriate language in explaining in a gentle manner. In the second one it is said that what will you do to him according to his age? I will explain. The third is giving clear and direct instructions without explanation. This is a matter of outright intimidation. Then there is Advising the Child to Overcome Their Fear.

[00:20:57]Tell the child to leave his fear behind. So if the topic here is that the child is afraid of getting admitted to the hospital, then how will you provide emotional support? First, can you compare a child to an adult? can not do. Second, explain things to the child in a good manner according to his age. In the third it is said that direct instructions will be given. Without you explaining anything to him, the child will simply run away out of fear.

[00:21:21]And then in the fourth it is said that you will tell the child to run away from his fear and advise him to drive away his fear.

[00:21:29]Come out of fear. So here, if you want to give emotional support to the child, then you will explain things to him according to his age.

[00:21:40]You will try to explain things to the child in a way that he can understand, according to his age, and not by threatening him or comparing him with an adult and trying to make him accept things.

[00:21:50]Next is our question When Caring for a Patient with Lower Limb Paralysis Which Nursing Interventions Will Prevent Venous Thromboembolism is that whenever you are caring for a patient with lower limb paralysis.

[00:22:07]Lower limb paralysis means what are the patient's lower limbs i.e. both legs? He is paralyzed. So what intervention can you do here to prevent venous thromboembolism in the patient? Your options include applying compression stockings, restricting movement of the leg, encouraging oral fluid intake, and providing complete bed rest.

[00:22:32]Which would be the best treatment to give to the patient to prevent venous thromboembolism?

[00:22:40]So what would be the best thing you can do here for the patient?

[00:22:46]Can prevent embolism. That would be compression stockings. Applying the compression stockings. What you saw in the DVT patient wearing orange and white colored stockings, here also the same thing is happening that is applying compression stockings. What will happen to the patient due to this? You should be able to prevent thromboembolism in it.

[00:23:03]Thromboembolism means that the patient will have chances of having DBT.

[00:23:07]If the patient has limb paralysis, lower limb paralysis, then what do you have to do here? Applying compression stockings. Next is our question here a 62 year old man at our post abdominal surgery complaining of severe suprapubic discomfort on examination the bladder is palpable and distended despite a strong urinate. He is able to pass urine what is the most appropriate term for this post operative condition.

[00:23:36]Look here it is said that the patient is 62 years old. It's been 8 hours. Have had abdominal surgery. He is complaining that he is experiencing discomfort in the supra pubic area. That too too much. What is the bladder when you did the exam? is palpable. It is distanced here. Here he has to pass urine.

[00:23:52]But I am not able to pass urine.

[00:23:54]So what is one post-operative complication that has developed here? Urinary retention, dysuria, nocturia, incontinence. So dysuria would mean painful urination. There is no pain here, he is not feeling pain while urinating. I am not able to urinate at night. Knock urea would mean at night. Incontinence means not being able to control it.

[00:24:16]What is happening here?

[00:24:18]He has to urinate, despite a strong meaning to urinate. But he is unable to pass the urine.

[00:24:24]Meaning, he is unable to pass urine. But I have to pass urine. So this would be urinary retention. What will it be called? This is called urinary retention. Next question is our 1 to 12 year old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia present with fever and neutropenia after chemotherapy.

[00:24:46]Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to reduce the risk of infection?

[00:24:51]What is therapy here? Neutropenia has occurred.

[00:24:53]After chemotherapy and what has been given to the patient? Chemotherapy has been given. There is a seven year old child here. He has lymphoblastic leukemia. He also has fever.

[00:25:03]So will there be interventions?

[00:25:05]To reduce the risk of infection. Start prophylactic high-dose antibiotics intravenously.

[00:25:12]And here's the Initiate Strict Handwashing Protocol for all caregivers. Administer antiviral and antifungal medication prophylactically.

[00:25:22]Provides daily sponge bath with antimicrobial soap.

[00:25:26]Look carefully at the question here. There is a 7 year old child. Have lymphoblastic leukemia. And here he also has fever. Neutropenia has also occurred after chemotherapy. So the first thing was chemotherapy. He is a leukemia patient.

[00:25:41]What will happen here now? Immunity will go down. It's a simple thing. There will be a chance of infection because there is also neutropenia. There are fewer neutrophils here. So here it is said to reduce your infection.

[00:25:54]So here you already have prophylactic dose means you will not give antibiotics in advance. Here, your job as a health care worker and as a nurse will be to strictly warn any caregiver to maintain their hand hygiene so that the chances of infection in the child are reduced.

[00:26:16]Because if I tell you one thing during chemotherapy, whenever a patient is given chemotherapy, be it good cells or bad cells, all the cells get damaged.

[00:26:30]What will happen if there is already cancer or leukemia? It will be week. And in such a case, if the person taking care of him does not maintain proper hand hygiene, then the chain of infection will not be broken. And the child will get repeated infections and the cancer cells will be saved from chemo. But there are chances of the infection recurring.

[00:26:47]So what do you have to say here?

[00:26:49]Initiate strict hand hygiene protocols for all care givens. Now why would you give anti-viral or anti-fungal here? I don't want to give it here.

[00:26:57]Nor will sponging here with antimicrobial soft cloth do anything. The main thing here is to break the chain of infection.

[00:27:05]So what do you have to do? Initiate strict hand hygiene protocols for all caregivers. Next is the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative was launched in India. So when was the BFHI initiative launched in India? In 1992, in 1985, in 2006, in 1978. So there's the BFHI protocol that was launched by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. It was launched in 1992. When? In 1992. And who did this? UNISH and WHO.

[00:27:39]Remember this. UNICEF and WHO jointly launched this. For what?

[00:27:45]For breast feeding awareness.

[00:27:47]Regarding breast feeding, he gave 10 straight points on how mothers should promote breast feeding? Returns should have a breastfeeding policy.

[00:27:56]All health care staff have to be trained.

[00:27:58]So what did all these things come in? In our Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative at BFHI.

[00:28:03]This launch happened in India.

[00:28:06]In 1992. Who did it? The World Health Organization and WHO. Our next question is when a patient expresses anxiety about surgery and the nurse responds, "It's common to feel nervous before a procedure, but I'm here to support you on which technique is primarily being used." It's a simple thing.

[00:28:25]Everyone will feel scared before surgery. So the patient is also saying that he is feeling anxious before the surgery.

[00:28:29]So as a nurse you say this is common before surgery. But here I am before this procedure.

[00:28:37]I am here to support you. So, what is this technique that you are adopting? Offering Self, Seeking, Clarification, Reflecting or Giving Ination.

[00:28:48]Look carefully what the nurse said here? I am here to support you. Meaning she is telling herself there. Nor has he clarified about the surgery that this is what you will have to do during this surgery. Nor has he given you much information about the surgery. He simply said that you are nervous or it is normal but I am here.

[00:29:08]That means she is offering herself here to help you. So what would you say here? Offering Self.

[00:29:15]clear? Nor has he given you any information regarding the surgery. Nor has he clarified to you what kind of problems you will face after this. He didn't say all that. I gave a common answer that being nervous is a common thing. I am here. I am here.

[00:29:31]Next one is a patient presenting with muscle weakness and irregular heart beat which electrolyte imbalance is most likely responsible for the symptom. The patient is here.

[00:29:43]What is happening? The patient is suffering from muscle weakness.

[00:29:45]Heart beat is becoming irregular.

[00:29:48]So which electrolyte imbalance is causing magnesium deficiency, sodium deficiency, calcium deficiency and potassium deficiency. So here if the sodium level increases then there are more chances of our heart beat increasing. BP starts rising.

[00:30:01]If you are being talked about here, who is it? Regarding muscle weakness, here muscle weakness occurs due to potassium retention.

[00:30:09]So what will happen here? This is due to potassium deficiency. What is happening here?

[00:30:13]Potassium deficiency. Our next question is when assisting a patient with neutropenia with oral care which method is most appropriate if you are doing oral care of a patient with neutropenia then what things will you keep in mind here brushing with an abrasive toothbrush already you are doing oral care and if you use an abrasive toothbrush then there will be chances of bleeding using normal tap water standard brushes if you are doing oral care of the patient here then will you use tap water here? I will not do it at all. Here you have to adopt the steel technique. If he has already taken Neutrop, he will immediately get an infection. So what do you have to do here? Using sterile equipment and avoiding smoking. What will be your best here? Smoking should be avoided and oral care should be done through sterile equipment so that the risk of infection to the patient remains low. Next is what is the basis for clearly classifying items in VD Equity Analysis. So, in VD Analysis, which items are classified?

[00:31:28]Procurement Cost, Financial Value, Rate of Consumption, Amount of Criticality.

[00:31:34]We have studied a lot about VD Equity Analysis here. So, here in VD Equity Analysis, the most important thing will be criticality, which means the things that are needed are given first. What will be there here about the things that are needed, you will be given first place here. So, when items are classified on what basis, it is done on the basis of criticality.

[00:31:59]Next is what is the anatomy of the larynx?

[00:32:02]Here in the anatomy of the larynx, a prominent anterior projection in the midline of the neck, commonly referred to as Adam's apple, is formed by which laryngeal cartilage. It's a simple question. Adam's apple is made up of which laryngeal cartilage?

[00:32:23]Corniculate cartilage, cerci, thyroid and adenoid. This is a very easy question. Adam's Apple. The raised part that you see in front of the neck in the males is called Adam's Apple. Which will be seen here after the time of purity.

[00:32:40]Proper will be seen especially in adults.

[00:32:42]So it is made from thyroid cartilage. From which laryngeal cartilage? This will be formed by the thyroid laryngeal cartilage called Adance Apple. Then our question is a patient presents with gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool culture reveals comma-shaped bacteria. Which Morphological Classification Should Be Considered When Assisting the Causative Agent. It is a simple question. GIT symptoms have been seen here. Stool culture revealed comma-shaped bacteria.

[00:33:12]Now tell me here, there is only one comma shaped bacteria here. It is Vibrio cholerae. The symptoms mentioned here are symptoms in the GI tract.

[00:33:22]Comma shaped bacteria have been found in the stool culture.

[00:33:24]So this is cholera and what will happen to whom due to cholera? That is caused by Vibrio cholerae. So what became the causal agent here? Vibrio. The next one is now here if we talk about Vibrio, then in Vibrio, Vibrio cholera will cause you diarrhea, loose motion, the classical sign of cholera is rice water stool, the stool that will be passed will be like rice water, that is why it is called rice water stool, if we talk as a Doxy, if we talk as a drug of choice, then Tetracycline is given but if there is no availability of Tetracycline, then Doxycycline is also used as a drug of choice.

[00:34:03]Sometimes as a pre-prophylactic, if Vibrio cholera has spread somewhere, then on a large scale, that is, in Pondicherry, many times the infection caused by Vibrio cholera has spread, so on a large scale in the villages of Pondicherry where cholera has occurred, there is distribution of Tetracycline and Doxycycline, which has been done so that it can be consumed before it happens. The next one is here: Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing epilepsy after experiencing febrile seizures?

[00:34:39]So what risk factor would not be there? If a patient has febrile seizures. Let's have fever after that, when our temperature goes very high. And this condition of febrile seizures, we have seen it a lot in my son even till the age of 7 years.

[00:34:58]If he had a very high grade fever during the year, he would get febrile seizures. So what are the things here that would not be risk factors? Caesar in Options are generalized and brief. Seizures are prolonged and focal Family history of epilepsy and seizures recurring within 24 hours. So let me tell you one thing that febrile seizures last for a few seconds. After that, they get better. He comes only when he has fever. It is not the case that there is a family history of epilepsy. There are very few chances. But here the Caesars are said to be generalized. There are briefs.

[00:35:32]How are you? They are generalized and brief.

[00:35:35]Neither do they last long here nor do they subside within 24 hours and 1 minute. But it takes some time for the child to get into the habit. Febrile seizures occur when our hypothalamus, which is the temperature regulating center, is activated. The chances of hypothalamus getting affected are higher when the fever reaches more than 104°. So how will Caesars be here? Will be generalized and brief. So, there is no risk. But if the seizure lasts for a long time, has a history and does not get cured even within 24 hours, then it is a matter of concern. Next is Why are Reports In a Referral System?

[00:36:15]So what is the importance of reports in a referral system? Maintaining Continuity of Care, Increasing Patient Volume, Providing Support for Staff, Promoting Vacation Planning.

[00:36:30]What are the reports needed in the referral system? If everything is in writing, it will help in taking the care forward. Let's tell you orally that the patient has this problem. But when someone else comes on duty, will you repeat the same thing to him again and again? There will be reports in Better Than Return. Because reports are always in return format.

[00:36:48]So when the patient needs further care, she will help properly. Next is our question which staining technique is primarily used for differentiating bacterial species into gram positive and gram negative. There are two types of bacteria.

[00:37:04]Gram negative and Gram positive. So which technique will tell whether the bacteria is gram positive or gram negative. Gram staining, methylene blue stain, G Nelson stain and India ink stain. So this given here is positive bacteria or negative. So here it is revealed through Gram staining technique. Right now there is the Jean Nelson Staining technique of Gram Staining.

[00:37:28]This is done for particular bacteria.

[00:37:31]Like Mycobacterium tuberculosis is used for the fungus. So Gram staining will show that the bacteria is Gram positive and that the bacteria is Gram negative.

[00:37:40]A nurse assists a patient and records an oral temperature of 38.2° C which interpretation and action is most appropriate based on this reading.

[00:37:51]So what are you doing here as a nurse? Take care of the patient. So here when the oral temperature was checked, it came out to be 38.2° Celsius.

[00:37:59]So what action will you take here? The patient is hypothermic and requires immediate cooling. The patient is febrile and needs further evaluation. Patient is hypothermic and requires warning or warming. Or the patient is non- normothermic and no action is needed.

[00:38:17]We will start with the last option. The normal body temperature of the patient is 37° centigrade. Is 38.2. What does it mean? The patient has fever. Now here in your option it is said that hyperthermic requires immediate cooling. So when it reaches around 39 here, immediate cooling will be required. That means when it crosses 102. Now what is there here? The patient has 38.2°C.

[00:38:43]What does the patient mean? It's febrile, it's hot.

[00:38:46]And here further evaluation is needed.

[00:38:49]How hypothermic would you be? If we consider hypothermic then it will be less than 37. So here it is 38. Normothermic does not mean 37.

[00:38:57]So how did this become normothermic?

[00:38:59]So what would be your answer here that the patient is febrile and further evaluation is needed. Then there is our question.

[00:39:08]A pediatric nurse is caring for a child with a central nervous system or central venous catheter which works and demonstrates the correct protocol for preventing catheter- related bloodstream infections. Here is the central venous catheter used for the baby.

[00:39:24]Now you take care of the child.

[00:39:26]So what protocol are you following correctly to prevent your child from developing a catheter-related bloodstream infection? The options here are using Chlorhexidine for skin asepsis before assisting the catheter, changing the catheter dressing daily, cleaning the skin with tap water before access and applying antibiotic ointment in the catheter area routinely. So see here what you have to do is to prevent blood stream infection which will be caused by the catheter.

[00:39:59]To prevent blood stream infection caused by the catheter, you will have to adopt asepsis technique and what will be in the asepsis technique, using Chlorhexidine for skin asepsis before assisting the catheter. clear? Next is the question. A patient admitted with atrial fibrillation is receiving anticoagulant therapy. Which primary nursing intervention should be implemented to minimize the risk of complications for high-risk arrhythmias. You guys will answer this in the comment box that what is the patient here? There is atrial fibrillation. Now anticoagulants are being given to the patient here. If anticoagulants are being given, what intervention will be done to avoid complications like dysrhythmia? The option is to administer analgesics as prescribed and observe for pain relief. Promote early ambulation and access for muscle strength.

[00:40:50]Monitor for signs of bleeding and access vital signs regularly and encourage deep breathing exercises to monitor oxygen saturation. Please give your answer here in the comment box.

[00:41:02]Its answer will be given in the next class. HSSC paper and in the upcoming time, you will be updated about all the papers conducted by HSSC within one or two days because the upcoming HSSC exam is also going to be held. The date is not confirmed yet. But you keep preparing for it. Thank you for watching guys. Bye-by take care.