A2 REVISION WORKSHOP #2 for MJ26 EXAMS

Added: 2026-05-11

[00:00:23]Salute my soldiers. So let's begin with this Paper. The first question is define the Radian.

[00:00:31]Definition of Radian You All Know the Angle subtend at the central circle when arc Length is equal to the radius.

[00:00:38]Then they gave you this circle and in this circle These are three points. x is, y is, yes. You Can see that they are at different distances.

[00:00:44]One thing you should know is that they are on the same page Roundabout and same turntable. So these The omega of all three will be the same. Now If You look at the question carefully. told him and the radius of the roundabout is 3R is. So the total of this roundabout The radius is 3R. Y is sing at 2R Z is Sing at R and Y is moving with an angular speed of 0.75 so angular speed of X is also This will be the same and the angular speed of z will also be the same.

[00:01:12]and the direction of angular speed will be That will also be the same.

[00:01:17]Radius of the roundabout. So we need to Find out what is the radius of this round about? We have this speed. so we can use v = r omega And you should know that v is 2.4 because we have x key I am talking. The speed of x is given by y and z does not have speed. v is 2.4 radius of the The radius of the orbit is 3R.

[00:01:38]I've been going round about round about this whole The radius of the roundabout is 3R, so I wrote 3R in the radius because I need the radius of the roundabout. Me Need a value of 3r. and given for omeg Was. But that will work for omegx too. Z K It will work for you too. From this I found the value of omega 0.75 litres. I Got the Value of 3R as 3.2.

[00:01:56]I wrote the answer as 3.2 because I need the Radius of the roundabout. of the roundabout Radius Is PR But If Somebody Asks What It Is The value of R is 3.2 and you get three points.

[00:02:09]If you divide it, you will get the value of R.

[00:02:11]Next what is the frequency of Rotation? You Know Omega Is 2 / Omega Key The value is 0.75 and that should be equal to 2 / So the frequency that gets is 0.12 then They ask you for the centripetal acceleration of The formula for child y acceleration is r Mega² Now to focus on y. y is What is the distance between over here and y? 2R Is. So I have the value that came out The value of 3.2 or 3r is found.

[00:02:38]I need to find the value of 2R. So that I have paid here. Pay the value of 3R Is 3.2. So the value of r will be 1.07. and 2r Key value 2 times 1.07 which is this. So For y the radius is 2.13. Omega is the same remains. r omega squared.

[00:02:53]Acceleration reached 1.2. He said this table Fill it. x and g in linear velocity What is the connection with this? Watch The Further You Go The greater your speed, the more you go in the Above the laser speed center, the speed is zero.

[00:03:08]Is. v = r omega omega your constant Is. so you should know v and r have a direct Relationship as r increases v will also Increase. So if z has a small radius and z The speed is going to be less. and infact When you rotate it you know velocity It is tangential. If x is going this way Is going to be moving in this direction.

[00:03:31]So it's going to be opposite to x.

[00:03:34]So the linear velocity of x is greater than Z because x is at the H and g is here and it is opposite in direction to the angular Velocity is equal for X and Z and Y and They are all in the same direction.

[00:03:54]Look at question number two. He said Define Electric Field It Is a Force Unit positive charge. Then he said draw four Field Lines to Represent the Electric Field. You should know that the field lines should Be Equally Spaced and Going From Positive to negative. So four equal space Lines going from positive to negative.

[00:04:12]Tell him with reference to forces. This Is variant. Whenever he tells you to Context is giving this context Explain to you the turn of the Forcers. Weather the Sign of q is positive and negative. and this The oil droplet lying in the middle of it The charge above is q and this oil The droplet is in equilibrium.

[00:04:30]If this oil droplet is in equilibrium So this means it will not move.

[00:04:34]remained. Why is it not moving? Because oil The downward force on the droplet is There is a downward force on the oil droplet Its weight definitely this is being balanced.

[00:04:43]This has to be balanced by an upward Force. That upward force will be given by This electric field. So Electric The force should be upwards. Now you decide Find out what the charges should be on this.

[00:04:52]Needed I feel the electric force upwards Needed The top plate is negative. So this Should be positively charged. So Wait Acts Downwards for Equilibrium Electric The force on q is upwards. hens q is Positive.

[00:05:05]Then he told me in terms of a q, v and x when he says in terms of some and all qv and x you cannot use any other term Busides diz. So in terms of qvn x The electric field strength will be v over x End Now that it was in equilibrium, Its weight and electric force are equal and the formula for electric force happens to be qe and e we just said v over x so this q should be my capital here Pay. So this is gonna be V * Q over X.

[00:05:44]Now He Says That the Plates Have a Potential difference of 4800 volts and a separation of 0.024 You Can Calculate the Electric Field from here which is 2 to the 10 power 5 when You have the electric field. tell me Dia The Charge on the Oil Doppet Is Three Will Is Fund Elementary Charge or Fundamental Charge you know the value for that is 1.6 in 10 to -19 so 3 means 3 times 1.6 These 10 to -19 so the value of q also came to e The value has also come, he has said what is the The mass of the oil droplet depends on gravity.

[00:06:16]Divide by qe divided by g so q ki Value is this 3 * 1 - 19 Electric The value of the field is 2 * 10 to the power of 5 and the The value of gravity is 9.8 one you get the Mess is 9.7 -15 You can write that as 9.8 10 To-15. He has said the polarity of the Potential difference across the plates is Reverse. This means that if this upper plate becomes positive and the bottom plate becomes negative and this charge is still If it's positive, you know it.

[00:06:41]The electric force will not be upward. Even Ye It will also be downwards. because negative The plate has come down. So both forces It starts having a downward effect Will go. So the oil droplet is going to accelerate downwards and that acceleration will be greater than 9.8 metres per second Square. It will be more than the value of G Because there is another force besides weight.

[00:07:00]This pen goes down empty due to the weight.

[00:07:03]But if I hit it with my hand down So there will be more exertion. because my hands Force will also be added from here. Question number three Define specific latent heat of fuse. The Amount of heat required to change the state of a unit mass from solid to liquid.

[00:07:18]I should mention from solid to liquid Because it's latent of fuse from This is wrong. So correct it. the amount of heat Required to change the state of a unit Mass From solid to liquid.

[00:07:43]without any change In temp.

[00:07:51]You should also know the definition for specific Heat Capacity But This Is the Definition for Specification of fuse. In vaporization Amount of heat required to change state of a Unit Maths From Liquid to Gas Without Any change temperature. So when date and heat Happens, there is no temperature change.

[00:08:06]Explain Why Substances Usefully Have a Higher Specific Radiant of Vaporization Because there are two things in vaporization.

[00:08:14]Number one you have to completely overcome the Force of attraction between molecules. Number To you have to do work against atmospheric Pressure. Where are these fuses you just need?

[00:08:23]Energy to Weaken the Internal Forces. So that They just move a part. So That's Why Vaporization requires more because it needs To number one to PT overcome the internal force of Attraction. secondly you have to make sure That the Molecule and the Particle Rises Against atmospheric pressure. Here he He said there is an ice cube and the ice cube This is 15.6 grams of mass. and it's it at a Temperature of -18 It's removed from fuzz.

[00:08:47]This ice cube is placed in an insulated baker That contains a mass of 132.4 grams of Water at this temperature. You just got to know This brings up the question of heat loss and heat gain. When If this happens then always make this temperature Access for Your Reference. inside it You've Done This So Many in Temperature Action Times in Class The Cold Object Is Here The higher you go the hotter the object so the hotter The object is here cold object here now Here your cold object is ice and The hot object is going to be the water which Is at 34 so a line of water was installed here and You made a line for ice and you Their temperatures were written on the side. Now Ice has The heat gain is because the ice has melted If it has to happen, Ice has to gain heat three times.

[00:09:32]In stages. How is that? First of all, she is 18 will go to zero.

[00:09:37]Then it will melt to zero. because you should No, the melting point of ice is 0°C.

[00:09:43]Celsius. So you'll see that I've started from -18 Made a jump to zero. Then I added zero and Zero is written twice. The reason for this is that it came I'm trying to tell you it's hot here too It will be absorbed. Every Arrow Represents Heat Absorb. So -18 to zero once heat It got absorbed. Then the ice melted at zero It has to happen. Heat has to be absorbed in that too.

[00:10:01]Now it has melted. Now the water has become et Zero. This water has now reached that temperature Which will be called equilibrium temperature.

[00:10:10]This is all ice. So Ice Is Gaining Heat In Three stages. Number one -18 to zero. Number to ML because there is no temperature change but Heat is being absorbed. Number Three Again Zero to T. So whenever there is a temperature change So remember MC applies Delta T. When The temperature does not change, we apply ML.

[00:10:30]There is a temperature change here again. MC here Delta T applied. But this is all gain heat. And This water arrow that I have created below, This water is losing heat. So here it is hot There is a loss. And because water should remain water Is. Just let the water cool you down when you I will add ice. So from 34 he came to T.

[00:10:49]Will go. I don't know what temperature it is.

[00:10:50]The also said tell me what is the Temperature T of the water and weaker when the Thermal Equilibrium Is Reached. So this is Your final temperature is T. So the water changed from 34 to T.

[00:11:01]I have to come here. Ice has to go from -18 to T.

[00:11:03]But in ice you have to keep in mind that ice -18 to zero in three stages, then back to zero Ah ML so zero to zero I call him that.

[00:11:11]And then from water at zero it's going to Go to a temperature T so if you look at my equation over here this side is Representing Your Heat Loss And this side is representing your heat Gain. If you notice my expressions heat There is only one loss because there is only one step Is. But Heat Gain has three. 1 2 3 There is a trick in this. There is a trick in this that the mass of water we took in the question It was Givan. That was 132.4 grams. now when I looked at the specific capacity of water.

[00:11:45]That was 4.19 kilojoules per kilogram. Now I Suddenly it occurred to me that okay these kilojoules and Kilograms have been used. kilojoule It has been used. So this will cause problems.

[00:11:56]So let me convert this into a joule.

[00:11:59]And I take my meat in kilograms.

[00:12:01]But What I Realized Was Kilojoules Per Kilograms degrees Celsius I saw. So Kilos are cut up and down. So this The value will remain 4.19. 4.2 I told him I rounded it off and wrote it down. 4.19 Joule per gr per degree Celsius. similarly Look at this, it's 2.11 kilojoules per kilogram.

[00:12:23]Put this in kilojoules per kilogram Celsius.

[00:12:28]Now again kilos will be cut. So the The value will be 2.11 joules per gram Celsius. So what does this mean? that we There was no need to convert the mass. So I simply multiplied 132.4 by 4.19 Because there are kilojoules per kilogram. So That's All That's the Same Age 4.19 on Jul Gram. Remember the Times When Everybody Was Right In temperature chain it's always going to be the Higher temperature minus the final minus Do not initialize. Higher minus lower. Memory Keep. Higher temperature minus lower temperature Come to Is Equals to Ice. Ice and Heat Gained.

[00:13:03]Mass off for here to here again ice.

[00:13:07]Ice given has 15.6 specific heat capacity Of ice given is 2.11 kJ/kg Kilos will be cut. So it's going to be 2.11 joules per gram and 15.6 therefore I let the village remain. So 15.6 * 2.11 * Higher temperature minus lower temperature 0 -18 Higher temperature is zero. Low temperature 18 0 - 18 will give you 18 now come here Second stage ice has to melt to zero I have to melt and become water and zero.

[00:13:37]Pe to ml 15.6 * 336 Now look at this latent heat of fuse of Water is given to us here 336 Kilograms will be cut again on KiloJul So 336 joules per gram comes out to be 15.6 6 * 336 Plus now from here the final one is this jump mc Delta T mass of ice is 15.6 Now you have calculated the specific heat capacity of water.

[00:14:11]I have to use it. Because ice has turned into water.

[00:14:14]After this it has become water. in your name Check it. Specific latent of fuse of wrote Ice. wrote Latent of Fuse of Water It has happened. So this means this is water here.

[00:14:23]became. But which mass should be used? They The ice melted because of this heat gain.

[00:14:26]doing. So 15.6 into specific Capacity of water is 4.19 into again for This jump the higher temperature is not lower Temperature zero. So T - Zero gives you T.

[00:14:38]Always Remember It's Higher Temperature Minus Lower temperature. After that you solved it This has to be done very carefully. when you solve it Properly the answer that you will get is 20.9 And Make Sure That You Solve It On Your Own Hands and the Temperature You Will Get Is 21 Degree Celsius. stop this video Give and solve it yourself first. and then if You make a mistake, just make sure that you Cross check it with my values ​​over here.

[00:15:05]I have done it step wise. I The bracket is opened. I just do more of this I'm not explaining because I want you to Yourself. But multiply both of these.

[00:15:12]It comes out. Multiply these Came out. If you follow him Exactly here I have opened the bracket so A value is obtained by multiplying these three.

[00:15:19]Will come. And this value of t is This will be obtained by multiplying it by 4.19 and 132.4 Wali. So just make sure that you do this Yourself. And in exams also whenever you You are doing it, just make sure that you do it These steps. Because the numbers get deducted here.

[00:15:35]Many people who hurry Are. Now the question is easy. The question is not difficult Is. But in a hurry the numbers get deducted. So Just Make Sure That You Are Doing It In Steps. And if you notice I'm using a Lot of significant figures. So In intermediate calculus I use four and Five Significant Figures. But the final answer So I give it in two or three. Unless she Do not specify. Next First Law of Thermodynamics. what is the meaning of the Symbols Delta U. Delta U means increase In internal energy. Q means heat supply to The System. W is work done on the system. Now Told him that this is the pressure of ideal gas.

[00:16:07]This is its initial volume. He is so It is on temperature. and his initial internal Energy is the ideal gas. Ok? Ideal Gas I gas is that in which there is no Potential energy between the molecules. Gave Only energy is purely kinetic.

[00:16:24]The volume of the gas is reduced at Concentrate pressure. So the pressure remains Consent to a final volume of this. Show That the matter work done on the gas is 7200. Now The formula for work done is pressure and Change in Volume. Remember to change it inside In volume, what happens is this is always Your going to be your initial volume Minus the final volume.

[00:16:42]Initial minus final has to be done. Ok?

[00:16:45]If your answer is initial minus final Be positive, that means work is done on the System. And if the initial volume is minus By point volume your answer will come negative That means work is done by the system. So You will solve this. The value of pressure You will put 2 * 10 to the power of 5.

[00:17:02]Volume Poured 0.048 Final Volume Poured 0.012 your answer will be positive will go means work is done on this gas was compressed and it was visible He took us from 048 to 2, he asked.

[00:17:15]Also explained is the work done by the gas.

[00:17:16]Positive and Negative It's Positive Because Gas is being compressed work is done on the System Now he says explain why the final The internal energy of the gas is 3.6 times The internal energy was 14.4 4, now it has become 3.6.

[00:17:30]Remember the internal energy of an ideal gas It happens that it is directly proportional to Temperature. This may come to prove In the exam. You should know the internals Energy is kinetic energy plus potential energy.

[00:17:42]Energy Generali. But for an ideal gas this Becomes zero. A sorry this becomes zero. So Internal energy is purely kinetic Energy. And now kinetic energy and Temperature has a direct relationship with Ideal Gas. This is the law. Average Kinetic energy is equal to temperature.

[00:17:59]Here the total kinetic energy comes Is. Total kinetic energy also depends on temperature.

[00:18:02]It should be equal. So this means that your Internal energy should be proportional to Temperature.

[00:18:08]Ok? So if he is saying internal energy It is decreasing, there can be only one reason for it It is believed that the temperature of this gas is decreasing.

[00:18:16]And saying explain why the fine Energy is this. So we'll remove it first Temperature. Now he gave you some hints Here. It is clearly written as constant There is pressure. So you know, in Ideal Gas PV over t = to constant. and from this You can multi You can gate P1 V1 = P2 V2 In which the temperature is constant. So If you have a pressure constant given then you Can this volume be proportional to Temperature. Volume is equal to Constant into T because the pressure is missing Done. The pressure was also constant. pressure Absorbed inside the constant. So Volume is proportional to temperature. when Whether pressure is constant, volume and Temperature has a diet relationship. And when this If it comes then you can apply the 112 equation. So v1 over t1 = v2 over t2 Initial volume is 0.048 Initial temperature is 560 in given Is. So I divided 0.048 by 560.

[00:19:05]Did. The final volume is 0.012.

[00:19:08]divided by t2 and I calculated t2 Extracted the value. Now look carefully at t2 The value has decreased. It came down from 560 to 140.

[00:19:15]This is the reason why internal energy is decreasing.

[00:19:17]Now then explain what you said.

[00:19:20]So that's why I said since since this is a Nitrile Gas Potential Energy Zero Internal Energy is purely kinetic energy and Kinetic energy is proportion to Temperature. Since internal energy is Proportion to temperature. Now from here I Created an expression for internal energy.

[00:19:33]Just like I did with the volume and Made of temperature. internal energy You can also make it according to temperature. u1 over u2 = t1 over t2 now what is the initial internal energy Was? 14.4 What was the initial temperature? 560. that the final What temperature did you take out? 140 so Final Internal Energy Cross Multiply And took it out. 3.6 kJ will come. And he Where was why is the final kinetic energy This? We proved it but I wrote further Given that the temperature is decreasing, therefore Internal energy decreases. Now he has said for the reduction of the volume of the gas and Food P. Calculate Q Give a unit with your Answer. So we know that the equation is that It is given by myself. delta u = q + w end Delta u means increased in internal Energy. Our internal energy is 14.4 to 3.6 I have come to pay. This means our internal energy.

[00:20:23]Decrease has happened. So we have to do 3.6 - 14.4 So that our answer is negative. Our internal Energy has decreased. And if internal If energy decreases then delta u in that The equation has to be negative. So 3.6 - 14.4 - Do not do 3.6 otherwise the answer will be wrong.

[00:20:43]Correct. 14.4 - 3.6 Will you find the value of q?

[00:20:45]More will come. It will come out wrong because internal Energy is decreasing. Your internal energy The sign of should be negative. So 3.6 - 14.4 = q Work done was on the gas that we It was taken out from behind. That was 7200 if If you convert this into kilojoules, it becomes It is 7.2 I have given all these values ​​in kilojoules.

[00:21:04]I have taken it. 3.6 is also in kilojoules. 14.4 also It was in kilojoules. This was given in the question See 14.4 kJ. So my answer to the q will come that will be 3.6 - 14.4 - 7.2 I will Gate-18 and the unit will be Kilo.

[00:21:19]Come to question number six. He said What is meant by simple harmonic motion?

[00:21:22]The type of motion in which acceleration Displacement and has always been written Towards the mean position. you can also say It is the periodic motion.

[00:21:33]Periodic Motion in which acceleration is proportional to Displacement end is always right towards The Mean Position. Now he has said that our I have this length of copper wire. like this Key It's in a rectangular frame. These are Two points x and y. This Is The Vertical Axis. So it can literally rotate like This you about the axis like this. Ok?

[00:21:59]So he said the frame has size lens this This is this. He has said that these SHM Obey Still working. This is his displacement.

[00:22:06]There is an equation. 3.2 sin 6.90 you should know that This is your amplitude. this is omeg This is x0 This is x Which is your Displacement. So x = x0 9omegat so here The first question he asked was, what is the time?

[00:22:21]Period? So he took it out using Omega.

[00:22:23]Took. If omega is 6.9 then it is omega2/t.

[00:22:26]From here we have calculated the value of the time period.

[00:22:26]took out 0.9 now he said that you show that the The maximum speed of the Ages is 22 mm/s Seconds. Same formula for maximum speed which is omega a in sm It also has a generic expression. Who There is no maximum which can be achieved by any random If he says on displacement the The formula is a² - x² but for maximum Speed ​​this displacement is zero.

[00:22:47]Maximum speed always exceeds the mean Position. Mean position pay displacement zero it occurs. So V is omega. The value of omega 6.9 The value of amplitude is given by 3.2 Again this was in millimeters. Then I took his If you look at the units, it is also in millimeters.

[00:23:01]I didn't convert if I wanted to. 6.9 3.2 do 22. Ah 08 will come. which is 22 Seconds per millimeter. Now he said The Frame in B Is in a uniform horizontal magnetic Field that is parallel to the equilibrium Position. So the frame in B this frame is in A horizontal magnetic field which is Parallel to the equilibrium position. So The equilibrium position is this and the field is also It is just like that. Ok? The field is also like this.

[00:23:29]And you should understand that your coil is initially Horizontal like this.

[00:23:35]Good. Now because this coil is made of copper and when the copper moves magnetic EMF will be produced in the field. Me Tell me when this coil moves then its Movement will be like this yes and no.

[00:23:49]So is the movement of this coil parallel to the The field and the perpendicular coil lie parallel Has it happened to the field? Someone in it is himself I am talking about the equilibrium position The magnetic field is parallel. But when these coils It will move up from here and down from here The Movement Going to Be Parallel and Perpendicular The Movement Is Going To Be Perpendicular to the field. what does it mean Is? As it moves, your EMF Induced is going to be maximum. when it moves onto the equilibrium position, the EMF induced will be maximum. Then Will do very well but maximum in the beginning It will happen because the movement is perpendicular. Weave Discuss this in class multiple times and It's also in our notes. coil when parallel It happens to the field. and coil when Perpendicular Hoti To The Field Hoti Hai The movement has to be seen. How is the movement Is it happening to her?

[00:24:34]So now my soldiers we are one of the EMF inducers.

[00:24:38]Let's read the formula Which is NBA Overtime This is what applies here. Remember this Applied over the coil. solenoid pay Apply applies to the coil. whose A magnetic field change would be taking place inside It is overtime. This question is also pending at the end.

[00:24:52]He will also come. Enter the number of turns. Area We put the coil in and the answer comes out.

[00:24:58]There is no coil here because the number of Turns somewhere coil, you know coil like this it occurs. The coil is very clearly like this.

[00:25:09]here we have This is a simple frame. Inside which you need To understand where EMF is induced Is. So he said this view Is the view from Abba. You look from above. So It's like this coil and I'm going to put it on top I am watching. When I look at it from above So, this is the side I see This is the equilibrium position. This which This is shown in the diagram here.

[00:25:39]Magnetic field U Ye. So The Side Is Parallel to the magnetic fields. when I If I move, which side should I cut?

[00:25:48]Field? Which side should be cut? This The vertical edge has to be cut. It also cut Because both are lying there. When this cut If it does this direction then the other side will cut She will do it in opposite direction. because one One is going this way and one is going that way. So the forest The side is cutting in this direction. The Others The side is cutting in this direction. So this is a For example, this cut from the side It does this in this direction. So this one The side will cut in this direction.

[00:26:12]Magnetic Field Your U And right at the beginning, it is perpendicular. So It's Gonna Be Maximum At The Start.

[00:26:20]So he said that the frame in 6B is an Uniform horizontal magnetic field that is parallel to the equilibrium position.

[00:26:27]Calculate the emf induced across X Y When the frame is moving at maximum Speed. Maximum speed means that it Starting from the equilibrium position Is. Which I keep talking about. Now EMF induces in equilibrium position formula and now we only have what The EMF being induced is on this side.

[00:26:46]It is happening and one is happening on this side.

[00:26:48]For that, If You Remember We Did This Task The formula for a well EMF is the rate of Change of Flux. Flux happens BA over Time. Right? Now B has come. This is your let's This uniform magnetic field is complete Box. So the value of B came from here.

[00:27:07]The question is where will this area come from? Look at this wire will have a length L and this wire will be moving with a speed V in the direction May have been. So tell me when he's at Speed ​​V's If she moves with me, will she move horizontally?

[00:27:19]Will the distance be traveled like this or not?

[00:27:21]Will you do it? From here the speed will start from V If you are going then some distance till here She will travel. Now what is that distance?

[00:27:27]will be? If we assume this speed to be constant If you do it then speed is distance over time. So The distance has come out, isn't it? This distance is Speed ​​* Time.

[00:27:40]So we can find this length bye Multiplying Speed ​​with Time. So this one Length is obtained by multiplying speed and Time. I already knew this length.

[00:27:50]This was the length of the wire. So area nickel Aaya Humare Paas Length * Speed ​​* Time Over Time. So this time and time passed. EMF The formula for induce became VLB.

[00:28:03]So if you are a straight conductor you can apply.

[00:28:05]The formula BLB Now the value of B we have Is. We have the value of L and we have It also has that maximum speed. how much is it They? 22 millimeters per second. So on the millimeter Convert seconds to seconds per meter.

[00:28:19]22 -3 The value of B was 0.047 cm. To Converted to meters. Length 6 cm.

[00:28:25]Took it to the meter. EMF * value arrived 6.2 -5. Now this emf is from one side. it The emf is from one side. Because we have a The side movement is this way and the other way Movement in this direction. then the second The EMF that will be induced on the side also This will be all because the length is also the same.

[00:28:40]The magnetic field is also the same. The speed is also the same Is. So the total EMF that you induce That has to be 1.2 * 10 to -4 1.24 * 10 -4. followed by This Is the Value of the Maximum emf. because after that when it If it rotates then the emf will decrease And now when he does this, the EMF Then it will fluctuate as much as it needs Should be done. So he said sketch a graph Do it. So we know that the emf Induces going to be maximum at zero.

[00:29:08]So e zero started from here and time In period t, we complete one oscillation.

[00:29:13]it occurs. So the cos curve will be formed because you R Starting from a peak position. So this Look at this here, there are four boxes. So I made this trough on top of two boxes Has given. And This Is How the Cycle Is Called to complete oscillations.

[00:29:34]Got it? Now if that one statement here would write Here. Ah a second Here, if he had said, the frame in 6B is in a position which is perpendicular The magnetic field is perpendicular to the Equilibrium position.

[00:29:59]The magnetic field is perpendicular. that case Remembering the Movement Would Have Become Parallel. And if the movement were parallel then The EMF induced would be zero. So what you said What we have to remember is that when we I used to study in generators too, if you remember.

[00:30:17]The magnetic field in the generator was like this.

[00:30:23]Your coil used to be like this.

[00:30:25]Now the coil is horizontal, the magnetic field is also horizontal. In this position, when The coil will rotate again I will I will ask You this question. The coil is also horizontal.

[00:30:38]And the magnetic field is also horizontal.

[00:30:39]Both are horizontal. When these coils rotate If it does, then look at its movement. Does its Movement is perpendicular to the field that No? So when the coil is in the horizontal The Position the Movement Will Always Be Perpendicular. So in horizontal position EMF induce is going to be maximum.

[00:31:00]Now if someone asks me like that, I I would say the coil is parallel to the field.

[00:31:06]But the EMF induced is related to its Not because they are parallel. No EMF induce That's when he moves. you should know Fadde's Law. Fadde's Law states that when If there is movement, EMF will be induced. Now Is the movement here perpendicular?

[00:31:19]Not there? Is. When the coil is horizontal, The field is also horizontal. When the coil moves If it is, it moves vertically. then the emf Production became maximum. Now if the coil be vertical and the magnetic field horizontal yes. Now the angle between them is initially 90 Is. The magnetic field is given by and the coil Vertical. Now see when this coil If it moves then the movement is parallel. Movement is also in this direction and the field is also in this It is in the direction. So if your coil is vertical and the field is horizontal. Start In. It has nothing to do with EMF.

[00:31:49]No. EMF is related to movement With. So if your movement is this way, your Movement Is This Way and Your Field Is Also Like This As Yourself Are They Parallel and Perpendicular de parallel. So what is the EMF in will be? Zero. So, keep this in mind. Notes And in class I very clearly I explained it to you. After that What is meant by root mean square?

[00:32:10]The value of AC is the value of direct current.

[00:32:13]which produces heat at the same rate as the AC? You should know the definitions by heart so that You can get the number for free. After that he said Mean, remove the power distributor. These The graph is made. This was the number one question.

[00:32:24]This value is zero. This value should be 6.4 So it's actually 6.4 + 0 / 2 so mean power Is 3.2 Then he said what is the root mean Square? Current in the resistor? what you Mean power calculated equal to Irms² * R Did. This is the formula for mean power and IRMS The value came to 0.35. Then he says that I did half wave rectification on my Soldiers. So he made a diode, a single diode Applied. He said state the name of the Electric component that is used diode.

[00:32:53]There should be only one diode. He said on Figure 7.2 Sketch The Variation of the Power in the Register between t = 0. Now when you connect the diode Keep this in mind how this graph was created?

[00:33:05]You should know this and this and this graph Needed See When you have given a sinusoidal AC current So the problem must have been that this graph looks something like this will be. Ok? As such Make Sense This Is Current This Is Time. When Let's talk about power. Power formula comes in i².

[00:33:28]So inside power when the graph of power I I will make it for this, so first I get the current will have to square. When I square If I do it then this negative side will also It will come in positive. positive is positive I will definitely stay. The negative side is this one This side will also fly and go into positive.

[00:33:48]So this side comes here. This Side Comes Here. Because power is proportional to i².

[00:33:53]You have to square the current first.

[00:33:55]Is. When graphing a square It becomes positive just like that.

[00:33:59]Now Now he says we are doing half Wave Rectification. So half wave Rectification my soldiers a cycle so It will definitely fly away, right? Whether it blows Give it to me, or even blow it up. any one bicycle You will fly. You will blow it 100%.

[00:34:15]So the question is blow up a bicycle.

[00:34:21]So if you want to fly a bicycle here then Blow up this bicycle. blow up this bike And Blow it up. Blow it up. This Is Half Wave Rate effect so that one side has current.

[00:34:34]This happens in the second half wave. Full Wave I don't need to blow anyone away. Full Wave All of these live in me. So in full wave The average power delivered is also It is more. of full wave in full wave What is the benefit? Average in full wave Power is more.

[00:34:50]What happens in a half wave? In half wave you Let's leave half the wave. blow away half We give. So the average in this will fall Will go. Because in one part it is zero.

[00:35:00]It was done and there was power on one part. So its The average will be low. Its average is high.

[00:35:04]It's Just Like a Kid Consently 10 10 Taking the number. A child takes 10, Takes zero, takes 10, takes zero.

[00:35:10]The one who is taking 10 and zero in the average, It will fall. So, what to do here?

[00:35:15]Blow up a bicycle here too. Now here But look at this bicycle Then this is it, then this is it, so we can blow it up.

[00:35:27]And you can blow this one up and leave the middle one.

[00:35:29]can or You can do this also, leave it alone, blow it away Give it and let it be. Both can work Are. So it is your choice. what did I Have you done it? I flew it and flew it Gave. So I basically if you ask me in This Picture What Can We Do I Have Eliminated this one and I have eliminated This one. So I've Left This One End I have left this one. So now either of the two Blow one up. So I have cut this one out And I have cut this one out. So Only This This is the only peak that comes in positive.

[00:36:06]She went here. She is passing it. So I I blew it up and I blew it up in the middle To Vali. So you can do this. He said Draw a graph and show it. So you saw this Where do you get 2.5 of 0.01 from?

[00:36:18]After that it starts and goes from 0.04 to 2.5 Dabo becomes zero first. thats Exactly What I Did After 0.01 to 2.5 Started it. 2.5 first stop of 0.04 She does. And its peak was 0.025 I had come to Its peak occurred at 0.025 Was. Peak power will remain the same. 6.4 So that 6.4 only has to be shown. And that's it.

[00:36:43]This is the graph. After that he said Determine the RMS current in the resistor Explain your reasoning. What is the RMS?

[00:36:50]Current? Now you have this wave and this wave Blew it away. It's just like your first one There were four. Now out of the four, you have these two Peaks have been blown away. So what is your average power?

[00:37:03]Will it remain the same or will it fall? And it will fall And because here the value is given.

[00:37:08]Let's take it. Here the value was 6.4. Value Let's take it. Now here it is zero. first here was also 6.4. Here also it was 6.4. Now 6.4 and zero Within the same cycle. So in a single Cycle Now Your Average Value Is Going To Be even less. So he asked me, Tell me what is going to happen with Mean Power Is? So if you look here Here the power is zero. In this place that you The mean power is 3.2 3.2 will be yes. This is zero, this is two 2.4 2.8 3.2 So 3.2 is g from here to here.

[00:37:59]Here is 0, then there is 3.2. Then further, then zero It happens. So your average power will come out What is she saying? That zero and The average will be 3.2 only. he has spoken What is the average power now? Average Power Now it's gonna be 3.2 and zero. this is curve Cannot take peak value of. No Peak cannot take the value because the curve This means that the value is changing Is. The value is not stable. to take the average For this the value should be stable. So here The value is 3.2 average and how is that 3.2 I will tell you again that I had come. These It was 6.4. This was zero. His Center Zero 3.2 I have arrived. They are already living at zero.

[00:38:33]So this is 3.2. So average 3.2 and 0.

[00:38:37]So it will come to 1.6. Go to the back one. In this What happened? Let's look into this. In this Why didn't it have to be done like this? see that too Take. Look, my soldiers. Here the value was 6.4 And here the value was zero. Then here the value Then there was 6.4 and here the value was zero. then there was The value was again 6.4 so if I subtract 6.4 from here If I look at this zero, what is my average?

[00:38:57]Will it be made? 3.2 to 3.2 pe line aa gayi like late This line came from 2 2.4 2 3.2 is formed above. make it just right We give. This makes 3.2 Now look from here to here. again 0 and In the middle of 6.4, the average is again 3.2 Will come.

[00:39:24]Now look from here to here, there is zero here.

[00:39:26]Here it is 6.4. The average pay is coming to 3.2. So Your average power here is 3.2.

[00:39:31]What is happening here?

[00:39:33]Do you understand the matter now? what is going on here Used to be? What's happening here is that it's 3.2 Not living before. He has become zero.

[00:39:41]Then his average is 3.2. Then his average It is zero. So when you calculate the average, it So it will become 0 + 3.2 / 2. because your Maximum is 3.2 Minimum is now zero. So Your Mean Power Gonna Be 1.6 in One Cycle in one Bicycle. So mean power is 1.6 1.6 is I irrms² * 26 will give the new value of Irms 0.25 ampere.

[00:40:08]After that he says there is a star and It is this galaxy which consists mostly of Hydrogen. This hydrogen when reacts with white light When white light passes through this hydrogen Isn't it so that from that white light Some frequencies in the spectrum wavelengths are absorbed which we Absorption lines are called spectrum.

[00:40:30]The picture of it inside it is Aisi Hoti Hai It's a Colored Background with Some dark lines on it.

[00:40:39]So dark lines one here one here one here one Here. He first says this with Reference to Photons: How Do These Lines Work?

[00:40:46]Represent or Provide Evidence for Discrete energy levels in the hydrogen Atom. So what happens is that this hydrogen gas Is. This is the white light you have. When passes through it and out here When it comes out, something appears in this white light.

[00:41:01]The wavelengths have turned black. They The frequencies have been absorbed.

[00:41:05]Which has absorbed hydrogen gas?

[00:41:06]did. Now what does hydrogen do to them?

[00:41:10]He is the one who listens and we have to explain to him how This dark line. Now this is These Dark Lines Remember the ones where the photos Hydrogen absorbed.

[00:41:20]So this when white light this continuous There was spectrum.

[00:41:25]This is also a continuous spectrum. But The only difference is that in that case Some dark lines are present at the top of the spectrum.

[00:41:33]Is. We've Done This in a Lot of Detail During the class. When this happens Spectrum is Gonna Pass Through the Cool Hydrogen gas sum of the photons let from This One Will Get Absorbed Not All Some Very What is the specific reason? because every one This line which has been absorbed, each line is a representing discrete wavelengths Is. And because discrete wavelengths She is representing. This means that that Photon had some energy. that color The photon had some energy.

[00:42:01]hCG lambda. this energy of the photon that Was absorbed by this gas.

[00:42:08]The energy that this photon possessed The this energy is equal to the exact difference in the energy levels in the Hydrogen atom. So there is no hydrogen inside There was no electron which could give its energy absorbed and has that much energy that the electron would jump to the next Run it on the level. So the energy of the absorb Photon is equal to the exact difference in the Energy levels of the hydrogen atom. Now because The energy of this photon is very specific And it's discreet. The Photon That You Absorb. The photon absorbed here Because his energy was discreet.

[00:42:45]This means that the energy levels are Also discreet. Remember when this photo, when this Light passes through hydrogen are the energy levels. one inside him electron is that randomly some photon Cannot absorb. that then He who absorbs will absorb only that So that he can jump and go exactly up.

[00:43:03]Can. So for that this photo has that much There should be energy that this is exactly that Can jump. If it has less energy or If it increases, then this electron will go up and will fall back. Correct? so this this This photon will come back inside.

[00:43:20]This will not be absorbed. absorb that one There will be a photon which has exactly that much be the energy that the hydrogen electron Rise from your lower energy level to higher ones Let the energy level go up. So he said With reference to photons, how the existence of these spectral lines. So these are the Absorbed photons. which is some of this light There were photons that were absorbed. And that Why were they absorbed now? Because they have a specific amount of energy which was equal to the exact difference in the Energy levels in hydrogen atom.

[00:43:48]Now he said Explain Why Spectacle Lines observed on Earth are at different Business. Now what is happening is that the red shift Because between the galaxy and Earth The gap is increasing. So spectral lines Observe have larger wavelengths because of red Shift. Red Shift According Because of the Galaxy Is Moving Away From The Earth. He said Draw four possible positions. So you have all Wavelengths are gradually shifted to higher wavelengths.

[00:44:08]On the side you can see that this is 656. So Higher wavelength going be on this side. 410 43 486 Higher Wavelength Is On This Side. So You replaced everyone with an equal amount.

[00:44:18]Give and got new four lines.

[00:44:21]The Next Hubble Constant May Be Taken as 2.1 When the Hubble Constant is reached, this will The equation is v = h not recessional Velocity h not * d and these recessional Velocity is determined using the Doppler equation Delta Lambda over Delta Lambda in R over lambda = b over c this v is h not * d h not is 2.10 to -8 and d which is the Distance of the Galaxy from the Earth at 6.7 to the 10 power 24 so that gives us both By multiplying we can find the speed of that galaxy.

[00:44:49]Let's find out whose galaxy this is.

[00:44:50]It is moving away from Earth at speed. So we that v taken out by doing h not * d this h not the value of d these values ​​of v divide By the Speed ​​of Light Speed ​​of Light Is t Let delta lambda and lambda be written Solve these and the answer will be 0.0469 This is your original wavelength. So The original wavelength was 656 or 656.

[00:45:11]How did it come because it was written four there.

[00:45:14]Was. So which one did he say is the lowest?

[00:45:18]frequency spectral lines so these four The lines remain. lowest of these What will be the frequency spectrum line?

[00:45:24]Which has the longest wavelength? you know that Frequency and Wavelength Have an Inverse Relationship. So lowest frequency will have Talking about The Longest Wavelength 656 Have been. So it says 656 tell me which wavelength Pay shift? what is the wavelength that is Observed. so delta lambda over the Original wavelength which is 656? I I didn't convert to nanometers because I The answer was needed in nanometers. from 0.0469 Multiply 656. You Get 30.77 30.77 multiply by 656 and you Will Get 686 A Sorry sorry sorry that's right. correctly written first Was. Delta Lambda is now 30.77 What is delta lambda? Delta Lambda is your final wavelength minus the Original wavelength. This is equal to 30.77 The original wavelength is 656. So go there It will be added. So Final Wavelength is going To Be 30.77 Plus your original wavelength Original Wavelength This is 656 This is 30.77 These are both nanometers The answer will be 686.7 nanometers. Memory Keep in mind that the observed wavelength is what I If I had multiplied it, I don't know.

[00:46:35]It had to come in lakhs. Not that much difference Come. That would have been a difference of only 30-40 nanometers.

[00:46:41]Is. So that's also a good way of checking.

[00:46:44]So now look at the observed wavelength is higher than this.

[00:46:45]Shows That The Galaxy Is Moving Away. Then he Explains how ultrasound waves work R detected by a piezo transducer.

[00:46:54]so ultrasound waves give you know Consist of compression and refraction. And When it reflects off the body and comes out and fall on that transducer So the transducer deforms. His The crystal inside deforms Is. When that crystal deforms, An emf is induced on it and We then process the EMF further.

[00:47:13]That is how we detect and cannot see Is. But when that EMF is induced.

[00:47:18]We can read the emf induced. that machine is displayed above. So that is How We Know That Ultrasound Is Coming.

[00:47:24]The formula for specific impedance is 0 = rho Density of the Medium c You Can Always Define it by equations if you know the Equations just define the symbols, he said.

[00:47:34]What is the speed of sound in water? These z Values ​​are given. a density of water is 998. The C value of water is 1.4 10 to the power 6 Just Put Them in the Equation and the Value of C turns out B 1492.98. So This Is 1490 meters per second. Now look, he says That I will be doing three assets. where he is now Jab Kaha De 3sf3 It Has To Be 3 Seconds Di Intensity reflection coefficient alpha The formula for alpha is g2 - g1 over g2 + g1 Hole Square for the Water Glass Bound Son Now capture the values ​​of water and glass 1.49 and 9.98, then subtract 1.49.98 Then do the plus. You will notice that I Saw the power of 10 to the power of both So I did not write here because There is no need for that. when up down If the power is same then it gets cut. 10 of ^ 6 I should write like this, I should write with this, with this I should write, I should write with this, then take common, then should I cut it? If 10 to the power of six is ​​the same, If the power is above and below and 10 cm then cut Will go. No need to write. but if If it is different then I will have to write it. These Keep it in mind. Square the hole. Your The answer will be 0.5478. He said 3s 0.548.

[00:48:38]He said explain without any calculation What happens? When sound is it's not an Air Glass Boundary. Now about air and glass The difference in the g values ​​inside Is. G Value of Glass is Much More Than G Value Fair. So whenever there is a lot of There will be a big difference between G2 and G1.

[00:48:53]will be. G2 is big, very big. These are in millions 10 to the power is six and this is 100 to the power subtract 100 from 2 million or Add 100 to million. This is also above It will be only a million. It will be below million only.

[00:49:05]Meaning if there is a lot of difference between G2 and G1. G1 Very It is small and G2 is very big. So if If you subtract both of them, what will be left?

[00:49:13]Only G2 will survive which is very big and if in G2 I'm saying you can add G1 as well.

[00:49:18]I will add 100 to the million and get ₹1 lakh.

[00:49:21]You add ₹100, there is no value.

[00:49:24]So that's 10 lakh is like 1 million so It doesn't matter if a million or 100 are added.

[00:49:32]Million will remain million and 100 It doesn't matter if it gets subtracted If it remains million then it will go up and down million and Millions will be cancelled out, these will be cut.

[00:49:39]There will be no million above, there will be one below.

[00:49:41]It will go near one. So Alpha Will Be Nearly One Year We Have Done This in a Lot of Details in our lectures and in the Parapers as well as the previous one. Sins G Glass is much higher than air reflection The coefficient is equal to. He has also said without Any calculation. Do not do calculations verbally Have to do it.

[00:50:00]When the difference between these two is very big. Memory Put Alpha Will Be Nearly One. When these two If the difference in the Nearly zero. Ok? Because that's how the World. The difference is very small, very large Not there. 9.98 and 1.49. So 0.5 Went. Sometimes it is 9.98 and sometimes it is 9.90 or 8.9 Then the difference is very small. then this The value goes straight towards zero.

[00:50:26]Now the value of alpha becomes zero and the value of alpha becomes Value one came. two different aspects of these two Meaning is. And that's what he's asking. this same The question is. So this question is that of Alpha Value one has arrived. Alpha we say Intensity reflection. If alpha is Nearly One That Means That Most of the Sound Intensity Was Reflected and Minimum intensity of sound was transmitted into The Second. If the value of alpha is near zero It means the name of that alpha Reflection. So remember reflection. If If the value of alpha were near zero, I would It says minimum intensity is reflected.

[00:51:03]And maximum intensity is transmitted.

[00:51:05]Reverse.

[00:51:07]Ok? So that's how this works and Let's come on to the hall probe now in the hall Probe we have this haul Probe this is 5.4 Amperes of Current This is your Hall probe. Hall Inside the probe you should know that The length along which the current travels, This is the length L and the area through which the current flows We take A as the area it is passing through.

[00:51:34]It happens in the derivation. this is the cross sectional area A and that cross sectional What you need to remember in Area A is this: That is, one of the values ​​is the smaller The value is the thickness. Ok? So Three dimensions will be given. 1 2 3 You have to first see which current Traveling in the direction. that is Going to be the length.

[00:52:01]Then through which area is the current traveling?

[00:52:03]Is? That area will be this one.

[00:52:06]That area will be this one.

[00:52:09]This will be the length, this will be L, so this will also be L.

[00:52:13]So the dimension that remains is different and smaller.

[00:52:16]That will be your thickness. sometimes they Ask you to identify the thickness. Nau Hall What does the probe do? Hall Probe Magnetic Detects the field. Hall probe is a gives the Hall voltage. His formula was VA = VI over NTQ This is the thickness T which is over here which is given as X am And the Hall voltage always gives you the voltage Will remain. As long as you have a magnetic Field. This thing has to be remembered. Magnetic If there is a field, there will be a Hall voltage.

[00:52:43]There will be no magnetic field. Allwood Its There is no relation to the rate of change. These Like EMF induces no EMF I Well, just a little while ago we had the coil asked the question. What did I say? coil It is lying parallel. it makes no difference to It would have happened. EMF is induced when the coil moves It happens. EMF is voltage. So these two There are voltages. But both of them do great work They are different. Remember EMF induced It works only when there is movement or change.

[00:53:10]Something may change or the coil may move.

[00:53:12]EMF remains constant even when the magnetic field changes It gets induced. when the coil moves EMF is also induced. All Probes There is no such problem. Also in All Probes Voltage is induced. can you say That voltage is induced whenever Magnetic field. Just by his movement No dealings. Now make this graph. Sleep Hall Voltage is directly proportional to B.

[00:53:38]Remember this.

[00:53:40]So if I say this is my B. here The value of B is increasing. Then the value of B Maximum has become flat. Then the value of B It is decreasing. Then the value of B is flat again Has occurred. So you would say G is the Hall voltage He will do exactly the same. and the graph will remain the same In values. Obviously there is a voltage and There is a Tesla. There will be a difference in value.

[00:53:54]But the appearance of the graph is exactly the same.

[00:53:57]will occur because hall voltage is proportional to B does not have to be. She said show that when B = 40 - 6 The magnitude of Hall volt is Five. So the formula for voltage is Bi odent Q. Now he gave the magnitude 4 10 to -6 B's value is given. Current He told us that 5.4 amperes pass through Is. This is written in the question. His Later he also told you that The number density n you have This is the value of n. He told you the thickness Given is 1.8 mm. It is in meters Get it converted. This is the value of thickness Went. And the charge is the fundamental charge It happens. 1.6 10 - 19 You Just Plug In The Values ​​and that will be proven five moles.

[00:54:35]Then he said, give me a sketch. how does The hole voltage varies between t = 0 and t = 0.08 So what did we say? Absolutely That same shape has to be created. from 0 to 0.02 V above If it goes, this will also go up. But the value Obviously there is a difference. So he did it before you.

[00:54:49]The value has been found that when the value of B is four If it touches the value of Hall voltage What happens? The value of Hall voltage is five Is. So you have to go and make this on five. These There will be a middle between four and six. On this you This flat line has to be made because that Because here it remains at the value of four.

[00:55:03]until 0.04 seconds so up to 0.04 seconds there I have to stay here. Then he has to come down here From. Well now when he has to come down his What is the final value? Two. When it was four The value was 5 watts. When this becomes two Let's see. When the value of B If the Hall voltage was 4 milli Tesla, The value would be 5. Now I am saying that when his If the value becomes 2 milli Tesla then hole What will be the value of voltage? Give The value of directly proportional thinking is halved.

[00:55:37]It will happen because the magnetic field is half Done. Understand this exactly He is in love with the magnet. Joe Magnetic The field will do this. So the appearance It will remain exactly the same. Magnetic Field Week will be. This magnetic field also became zero.

[00:55:53]That too will become zero.

[00:55:56]So We started with five and increased it to 2.5 Have to bring it. Because 0.05 seconds per magnetic The field's value was halved. So we The Hall voltage is also halved. Then we That value has to be studied all the way till 0.08 seconds. That's this thing. Now let's see He says the Hall probe is replaced.

[00:56:14]With a small flat coil. In this the number of Turns are given. Area of ​​coil is given.

[00:56:20]Now look at the EMF again for a while.

[00:56:22]Earlier you had asked a question in which those sides It was a straight wire. Its EMF induces The formula was something else. The coil is now here So you will do nb over time. nba overtime So the value of n is 3000 b over t now this see this b over t is coming because he That said, tell me the ems at t = 0.01 Second 0.01 second this value here So at 0.01 second the magnetic field The value is 2 * 10 to the power of -6.

[00:56:58]We put that 2 * 10 -6 above. Time Down Has been inserted. The formula is the rate of change of Flux. Right? So the rate of change of flux Is NBA overtime. So 2 * 10 to the power -6 up Came. Replace B with time 0.01 and area Gaya 3.2 -4. So your EMF turns out to B. There is more proof than 2 * 10 -4. Now he Let's say for the graph station. This is what it is He Is Not in Love with a Magnetic Field.

[00:57:24]It relies on change. So you look Go to your original graph and see if the magnetic Where has the field change taken place? It's just Will rely on that. magnetic field here Change is happening. It is steady here. change here It is happening. It is steady here. So the emf is just It will come at two places. One will come to this place and One at this place. Zero here, zero here.

[00:57:45]Because emf is induced in a coil. Remember The emf induced in a coil represents On Change. Represents on Movement. All The probe does not rely on change or movement It's just in love with the magnetic. So When you know the EMF induce graph If you make it, you had taken out that 0.01 Its value on the second is two. Now that graph is going in a straight line then the emf Induced will flat line all the way Till 0.02 sec. Because up to 0.02 seconds value of magnetic field Uniformly There has been a uniform. Constant Uniformly It is increasing. but b over t Gradient here, take out b over t.

[00:58:32]place and then between two and four also b Take out the over t. So the value of B over which is That Constant Basically remember from 0 to 0.101 and 0.01 to 0.2 Keep the EMF induced and release it.

[00:58:51]It has been happening. If you look directly at the graph be the gradient of BTF.

[00:58:56]So if your gradient is constant. These A straight line is being formed, right? is constant gradient. Then the emf induces constant will be. What is the gradient here? Zero Is. So what will be the EMF induced? Zero will be. Here the gradient is again constant.

[00:59:09]But its sign will become negative. So Here the EMF induced is also negative.

[00:59:13]Will go. And then this is 0.04. This is 0.05. So After 0.05 till 0.08 now gradient is zero Is. So, I am talking about all these things related to the EMF of the coil.

[00:59:25]I am writing for. Hall Probe Hall Pro Finish Done. Hall probe does not deter Over the gradient. Hall Pro says so Brother, just tell me about the magnetic field.

[00:59:31]What's going on. So if you look here from 0.02 It has a daily value of 0.02 to 0.04 percent.

[00:59:43]0.05 till 0.08 Nothing between 0.04 and 0.05 I look here Look here, between 0.04 and 0.05 We have shown the same amount of negative voltage.

[00:59:57]The EMFs have done as many shows. Save it and see.

[01:00:00]From here to here what is the change?

[01:00:04]What is the change? The Change Is Two. 4 to 2 When did you come and what was the time? There was only that much time.

[01:00:09]0.01. How much change was there here also? There was two.

[01:00:12]Vertical two. Horizontal is 0.01. here See this also. is still vertical to and Horizontal 0.01. This means gradient Both are same. So if the gradient is the same So the EMF is happening. The only difference is this That would be here because the line is downwards Has occurred. So the gradient will be negative.

[01:00:27]So we called that EMF induce negative.

[01:00:30]Made in two. Got it? So that's why it's negative Is.

[01:00:35]And the last question is pet scans on that Positrons are used. How positons come to be present in the Body. They are not present in our body. His We inject a tracer to into the body which contains a beta Positive. Explain How Positrons Cause The Emission of Gamma Radiation. So positron Matt goes inside. a radioactive element what happens is that the decay emits positrons It happens. When that positron is emitted, It goes inside that cell and removes its electrons.

[01:01:03]interacts with which causes Inelination occurs. In the inelation, both of these Mass is converted into the energy of to gamma ray photons and those to gamma rays Photons travel in opposite directions to Conserve Momentum. Then he said show that the The wavelength of the gamma radiation is Approximately so. So I first So I took out not the positron and How much energy is there in the interaction of electrons?

[01:01:26]Will be released. So he did mc² + mc². once Positrons once electron energies Added it. both positron and electron The mass is bean. Charge only sign Ojit happens. Because particle and anti Particle. C is the speed of light. So I It is written only once 9.110 - 31 into speed of light squared multiplied by two That's why it was done because both have the same number.

[01:01:47]Was. There is no point in writing both twice.

[01:01:48]It becomes. So this is my total value.

[01:01:50]Energy. Now This Energy Is Going To Be Given to the gamma ray photons. So this energy = 2HC over lambda and the values ​​of H and C We get the reverse. To that's why I did it Because two gamma photons are produced Are. And those Gamair photons Travel in oxygenation. From here When you solve it, you will get the answer.

[01:02:08]will be 2.4 picometers which is 2.4 * 10 To the power - 12.

[01:02:15]Good sir. Now Sometime they can also give you this question.

[01:02:25]They can also tell you that I had this positron, it had some was the initial kinetic energy. if he Energy should be given that you have done this in one of the previous passers So you have to add that energy here.

[01:02:39]That energy will be added inside mc² + mc². That The gamer photon that will be emitted in the case will be its You will have even more energy. because your Let the initial kinetic energy be given by Has been.

[01:02:51]So right now we're assuming that he The positive electron has no more There is no kinetic energy. It is negligible.

[01:02:56]But if he gives it then he will be here in this Energy will be added and then that will be equal to 2H lambda and from there your Energy of Gamma Ray Photons Energy of Gamma Ray Photons You can remove the wavel. so that can also be Another question has come exactly. But That is pretty much it. I Hope That This Has Made Sense. this is the Final question. Inshallah all the best. C You guys.