Environment Book Hindi Medium | Lecture 41 | Demo videos in 100 + lecture of Dr. Ravi Agrahari Sir

[00:00:02]Hello friends, my name is Dr. Ravi Aggarwal and you all are listening to me with my Pyramid book and you are going to discuss with me on this Can Code.

[00:00:13]Minamata convention on mercury is a good topic.

[00:00:16]I have seen many of these questions in state level exams also. And Minamata in particular is a bay area. The bay area is in Japan. Where first of all there was pollution emitted by some industries which comes to that bay area through rivers and where this mercury pollution goes into the bodies of the fishes.

[00:00:35]Then from there it enters the humans.

[00:00:37]You know, Japan eats a lot of fish anyway. Ok? Because this disease was seen at that place.

[00:00:44]Due to mercury pollution, this disease became known in the world as Minamata, Minamata being the name of that place.

[00:00:49]So I told you there's a Bay Area. The Bay is the Bay, the Gulf area is it, so what is the conference, of course, if this is a conference, then somewhere or the other, efforts must be being made to remove mercury from the world. Ok.

[00:01:02]Let's go my Mada Ali time is a global conference. OK is another global treaty whose aim is to prevent the problems arising due to mercury on human health and the environment.

[00:01:17]Mercury means whatever mercury compound is there, humans have to save it. This extra time is named after the city of Minamata in Japan. At present this was the bay area. Isn't it? And that is why this disease was called Minamata disease. Its objective is to control anthropogenic emissions and discharges throughout the life cycle of mercury.

[00:01:41]Ok? Meaning, the way humans are using mercury in their lives, the way they are discarding mercury, it is somewhere a problem for other people, for the entire Parsi system and for public life. On this occasion, it was agreed in January 2013 at the fifth session of an intergovernmental negotiating committee in Geneva, Switzerland, that mercury should be eliminated. It was formally adopted in Komato, Japan in October 2013 and came into effect on 16 August 2017. Ok? So this means that the Minwata Convention comes into effect from 2017. The goal of Arthamaya is to eliminate mercury from use, trade, emissions, and disposal, and to progressively eliminate mercury. At present, there are 128 signatures of this marriage and 152 are in favor of the parties. Isn't it? Menamata [sound of clearing throat] of the conference.

[00:02:46]Till now a total of six such conventions have been held.

[00:02:49]And looking at this order, it would seem that Mewata conference is held every two years. The next conference is scheduled to be held in Geneva in 2027. Currently all its conferences are held in Geneva. If you look, you will understand. It is a different matter that it has happened in one or two Balis. Ok?

[00:03:05]So all of these and that was virtual because it was virtual and the reason was because it was the time of Covid. Ok? So whatever this is, its conference is held in Geneva and it happens every two-ten years.

[00:03:16]After this, you will get information here only about what happened last year from 3 to 7 November 2025.

[00:03:22]Let us see what are the main results of the last conference held in Kopaksha 2025.

[00:03:30]First of all it was said that the mercury which is being used in teeth, it is called Dantmalgaman, remove it. Ok? So remove it in a systematic manner.

[00:03:38]Slowly, slowly, slowly and by 2034 this [sound of clearing throat] target has been said that it has been accepted and it has been accepted, gradually it will be removed. There has also been a call to remove mercury-containing materials used in skin whitening products. There has been talk of controlling the international trade of mercury. This means that no nation will give things like mercury etc. to any other nation which can be misused. Environmentally safe management of mercury residue: If mercury etc. is coming from any place as a waste, then it should also be disposed of. It should not be left in nature. Mercury is also used in the mining process for small scale and cottage gold mining, such as extracting gold.

[00:04:20]So here we are talking about moving towards alternative options. The increasing use of mercury as an alternative in small-scale and artisanal gold mining has been recognized as a serious challenge globally. So to reduce its use, emphasis was also laid on strengthening the National Action Plan which is in Cup Six.

[00:04:36]In global cooperation, it is okay brother, emphasis has been laid on increasing technical, scientific and financial cooperation with international organizations and development partners and at the same time, the participation of tribal and local communities is also very important because the ones who are most affected by mercury pollution are the tribal and local communities. Their participation is also very important.

[00:05:04][Sound of deep breathing] If we talk about India and the Minamata period, then see what work India has done related to the Minamata period.

[00:05:09]India signed the Minimata Agreement on 30 September 2014.

[00:05:14]That is a different matter. By the time it came into effect, it was February 2018. Ok? The instrument of ratification was deposited with the United Nations on 18 June 2018.

[00:05:26]So brother, India has become one of its nations since 2018.

[00:05:29]Ok? With this, India became an official party to the Minamata Convention and the ministry in India which will take care of everything and follow the conditions of the Minamata Convention is our nodal ministry, MoEF&CC, whose name is Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, which you call Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Ok? Ok? Now India had said that till the coming year 2025, India was given transitional exemption to continue the use of some mercury based products and mercury containing industrial processes till the year 2025.

[00:06:02]Ok? So India was told that it is okay brother, we, that is, India said that we will continue to use some things till 2025 and gradually we will stop using mercury.

[00:06:12]So the story of Milajula revolves around Para Para and Para. But I feel that mercury is also a question in itself here. And mercury is a pollutant. So a question can be made on mercury also.

[00:06:24]So, I have also written some information about mercury separately in this topic when you are looking at the book, which you should read and I will tell you once on the board. Is it mercury? Mercury is currently a naturally occurring element. Generally it is found in liquid state at temperature and pressure. The only metal like this. Isn't it? The only heat metal is like this.

[00:06:48]At normal temperature and pressure it is in liquid state. It is used in household items, in medical devices, and in industrial processes.

[00:06:57]What are the major sources of mercury pollution? This is an important question for your exam. So remember the coal based thermal power plants. I also taught you in Science and Technology class.

[00:07:08]Mercury may also be present in the waste produced when coal is burned. Mercury in industrial waste, medical waste, brother, you know all this, you are using thermometer, barometer in all of them.

[00:07:17]Battery, thermometer, barometer, electrical switch, relay, fluorescent, other mercury containing forces, cottage gold mining, you have also seen this.

[00:07:27]Mercury is being released into the atmosphere through metal smelting processes, cement industries and other industrial emissions. According to the World [nasal sound] Health Organization, mercury is among the top 10 most concerning chemicals or chemical substances in the world, posing a serious threat to public health. So according to WHO, mercury is one of the 10 most dangerous and worrying elements.

[00:07:49]Mercury is also one of them. There are some issues regarding mercury, some things that should be told to you further. Like there is a term called bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation means that its quantity gradually increases after entering an organism.

[00:08:05]So in the case of mercury it has been observed that it causes bio [nasal sound] accumulation. On the other hand, growth.

[00:08:12]Biodiversity means that this mercury gradually moves not only in any living organism but also from one food level to another in the food chain and from the second food level to the third food level. Therefore, you can look at mercury as bioaccumulation and you can also look at mercury as bioamplification. In English it is called bioaccumulation and biomagnetic magnification. You know that mercury is slowly transferred from one food level to another, from the second food level to the third food level and its quantity keeps increasing in the next food level. That is what we call biological growth.

[00:08:48]What are the effects of mercury on human health? Brother, every system of yours is effective. For example, the nervous system, digestive system, immune system, lungs, kidneys, skin, eyes, everything is affected. The most dangerous side effect is the neurological problem that occurs.

[00:09:04]Memory loss, tremors in hands and feet, vibrations, adverse effects on brain and neuro-dental development of children, congenital developmental defects, skin rashes, skin diseases, kidney and lung damage and severe toxicity. Even small amounts of mercury are not immediately dangerous, but if small amounts of mercury enter your body over a long period of time, it can even lead to death.

[00:09:28]Ok? It can even lead to death of the human body. There are some other things about mercury.

[00:09:34]Mercury is found in liquid state at normal temperature and pressure and it is the only metal which is found in liquid state at normal temperature and pressure.

[00:09:43]Due to its high volatility it can easily spread into the atmosphere. If it comes out a little, it can fly in the air. The most common form of mercury is methyl mercury. Ok? Which is formed in aquatic ecosystem and causes biological growth Biomag magnification which is found in highest quantity in fish.

[00:10:00]Ok? So the most dangerous form of mercury is methyl mercury.

[00:10:05]Or it is methyl mercury and this jaggery will show you mercury inside the water. This is why more fish die. And you know, in the Minimata case, there was some issue with methyl mercury. Please take care.

[00:10:15]So that's why I said that the question on methyl mercury may be there in your paper. So it was a small topic but remember here mercury itself can be questioned as a pollution. So I hope you have understood everything. I will meet you again in the next class.

[00:10:33]You must join me on my Telegram channel.

[00:10:35]My Telegram channel is Dr. Ravi P Agrani Official. So thank you. I will meet you again in the next class. Take care of yourself till then.

[00:10:42]Stay healthy, stay happy, stay cool, keep smiling. Jai Hind