CHM 256 : ⋆. 𐙚˚࿔ 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐏𝐇𝐘 𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝜗𝜚˚⋆ by : AS1162A5

[00:00:10][music] [music] [music] >> Do you wear lipstick every day?

[00:00:34]>> Yeah, most of the time. Why?

[00:00:36]>> I was just wondering, how do lipstick companies make sure the color is always the same?

[00:00:42]>> I was wondering, too.

[00:00:44]Actually, chemistry helps with that.

[00:00:47]>> But, how?

[00:00:48]>> It's called chromatography.

[00:00:50]>> Chromatography? What's that?

[00:00:53]>> Okay, imagine a lipstick. All ingredients blended together. And scientists use chromatography to identify any ingredient in the lipstick because it separate it separated the ingredients. So, it also helps the scientists to identify the oil and also the fragrance in the lipstick. And do you know that the forensic scientists also use chromatography to identify the suspect in a crime scene since the lipstick can be stained on a cloth and also take up.

[00:01:28]>> Wow.

[00:01:28]>> Yes.

[00:01:32]>> So, they can check what's inside the lipstick?

[00:01:35]>> Yes, it it it can make sure the color is consistent and the quality is good and also meets good quality standards.

[00:01:45]>> Wow, I never knew chemistry was involved in something that I use almost every day.

[00:01:51]>> Same, I thought it was just makeup.

[00:01:53]>> Yes, that's why chromatography is a good example for chemistry in a daily life.

[00:01:59]Although we may not see it, chromatography plays an important role in ensuring the quality and safety of cosmetic products such as lipstick.

[00:02:18]Oops.

[00:02:20]Sorry.

[00:02:21]Oh, no, my notes.

[00:02:23]Wait. Look at the ink. It's spreading.

[00:02:28]>> Yeah, the water is carrying it across the paper.

[00:02:31]Uh does this have anything to do with chemistry?

[00:02:35]>> Actually, it can be explained using a technique called chromatography.

[00:02:40]>> I see. So, the water helps move the substance through the paper?

[00:02:46]>> Exactly.

[00:02:47]If the ink contains different dye, they can separate as they travel through the paper.

[00:02:52]>> Wow. I didn't know that simple spill could be related to chemistry.

[00:02:57]>> Yeah, chemistry is everywhere, even if the little accidents.

[00:03:01]>> I see.

[00:03:03]>> Chromatography is a technique used to separate the components of a mixture. In this example, the paper acts as the stationary phase, while water acts as the mobile phase. As the water moves through the paper by capillary action, it carries the ink along with it.

[00:03:18]Different substances in the ink may move at different speeds depending on their properties.

[00:03:23]This is the same principle used in paper chromatography.

[00:03:27]>> The paper ink spill can demonstrate the principle of chromatography, where substance move through a medium at different rates, allowing components of a mixture to be separated.

[00:03:46]>> Lipstick is made from a combination of pigment, wax, oil, fragrance, and other ingredients. Even though two lipsticks may look the same in color, they can have different chemical composition depending on the brand or formulation.

[00:04:00]Chromatography helps separate these compounds based on how they interact with the stationary phase and the mobile phase. Since each compound move at a different rate, they form a unique pattern called a chromatogram. This pattern allows scientists to identify and compare the sample. Because of this, chromatography is a reliable technique for analyzing lipstick and widely used in a different field, including forensic science.

[00:04:28]>> In a forensic investigation, chromatography is used to identify the owner of a lipstick found at the crime scene. Scientists dissolve a small amount of the lipstick and place it on chromatography paper. When the solvent moves up to the paper, the pigments separate into different colored bands.

[00:04:47]Each lipstick produce is its own unique chromatogram, just like fingerprint. The chromatogram from the crime scene is then compared with those from suspects.

[00:04:58]If the pattern match, it suggests the lipstick may have come from the same source, providing valuable evidence in the investigation.

[00:05:08]Therefore, chromatography is a simple, reliable, and effective analytical technique for comparing lipstick evidence and assisting forensic scientists in suspect identification.

[00:05:20]>> So, chromatography, is it only used for soft crimes? It's also used to make sure the medicine we take is safe and contain the correct ingredient. I give one example.

[00:05:35]A pharmaceutical company has developed a new medicine. So, uh scientists use chromatography to check the purity uh and make sure the medicine we take is uh safe for consumer. So, another example is nearby river has become polluted. So, scientists uh collect water sign sample and use chromatography to identify the harmful chemical that causes the pollution.

[00:06:08]>> Have you ever accidentally spilled water on your notes and noticed that the ink spreads across the paper?

[00:06:14]Although it may seem like a simple stain, this is actually uh related to the principle of chromatography.

[00:06:20]Chromatography is a technique used to separate the components of a mixture based on how they interact with the stationary phase and the mobile phase.

[00:06:31]>> [music] [music] >> In this demonstration, we use paper chromatography with blue pen ink. The paper acts as the stationary phase, while the solvent acts as the mobile phase. The solvent moves upward through the paper by capillary action, carrying the ink with it.

[00:07:00]As the ink travels, its movement depends on how soluble it is in the solvent and how strongly it interacts with the paper. Substances that are more soluble in the mobile phase move further, while those that interact more strongly with the stationary phase move more slowly.

[00:07:16]This difference in movement is the basic principle of chromatography.

[00:07:21]>> Although the ink appears to be only one blue color, it is actually made up of several different dyes. As the solvent moves up the paper, these dyes separate because each dye have different solubility in water and a different attraction to the paper. That is why we can sometimes see light blue, dark blue, purple, or even green after the separation. This show that what looks like a single color is actually a mixture of different coloring substance.

[00:07:47]This principle is seen in everyday life.

[00:07:49]For example, when a wet highlighter or pen smudge on your notebook or even rain causes writing on paper to spread, the ink is being carried by water through the paper fibers. Although we may not notice it, this movement follows the same principle used in paper chromatography. The same principle is also applied in laboratories to separate, identify, and analysis substance in areas such as food testing, medicine, or environmental monitoring, and forensic science.

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