2026 Selangor TRIAL Chemistry Tips Discussion! SIBEH LAST MINUTE

[00:01:59]Mhm.

[00:05:10]>> Okay, hi guys.

[00:05:12]Uh another spontaneous class, eh?

[00:05:16]So, this is actually just a simple Q&A session. Okay, so if you have any question, just type it out in a chat box, okay?

[00:05:27]And then I will try and to answer your question.

[00:05:30]And in the meantime, if no question, I'll just going to actually like go through the tips a little bit, okay?

[00:05:35]So, Someone asked qualitative and quantitative and then isomers, okay?

[00:05:44]What condition, eh?

[00:05:45]Okay, hydrogen tomorrow exam go study together, please.

[00:05:50]>> [laughter] >> Hi Isaac guys, okay. So, let me share my screen.

[00:05:55]Other state tomorrow tomorrow Perak is sejarah. How are you? Sejarah exam come for chemistry fast silang?

[00:06:02]So so one. Okay.

[00:06:06]See ya.

[00:06:07]Okay. Cat ion and anion pass. Okay, so I can so that one I'll cover up later on.

[00:06:15]Okay, so uh section B chapter two, what's the harbor? Basically, okay, alkane is the burning. You burn alkane alkane, you know. You see uh who give you more black smoke, who give you more soot, uh then you determine is it alkane or is it alkene.

[00:06:32]Uh that one, that will be the topic about it. Okay. Teacher, what does the isomer process mean? Uh which one? Uh based on the tips, huh?

[00:06:40]Uh let me let me get the tips, huh?

[00:06:42]Uh isomer process.

[00:06:47]Which one?

[00:06:49]Is it this one? Is it isomer isomer process based on this one here? It Isomer means you have to talk about same molecular formula but different structural formula. So, most likely in isomer process for this topic, they are asking you to draw like isomer of propene, okay, isomer of like that, okay. So, let's let me jot down whatever questions you all have. So, before I go Guys, I'll go through one by one, okay. So, no rush, no rush.

[00:07:23]Okay, I will go through the first one here is You want to take picture of the tips, huh? Why take picture? It's in your in the group already, right? No man.

[00:07:30]I thought this thing is everywhere already.

[00:07:33]>> [laughter] >> Hey, if you don't have it later later I'll send you later I'll send you. Okay, you text me, all right?

[00:07:40]I got your number, all right? Later I'll send you.

[00:07:42]Should I study form five chapter five?

[00:07:44]Okay.

[00:07:44]>> So to be honest form five chapter five is not very important based on these tips because it's more on food additive and cosmetic. So we covered food additive already since this week syllabus. So I don't think it's very important for form five chapter five for this for this last for this last few hours before exam.

[00:08:03]Okay. So Question 11 got no experiment writing.

[00:08:08]Got got got.

[00:08:10]Usually question 11 last question is is to describe experiment.

[00:08:14]Maybe the one I'll talk about later.

[00:08:17]Okay so guys since I have questions from students. So I'll just cover few things first again. Number one, okay the first thing that you all might see in your syllabus okay in your in your Okay okay student ask but this is not in the tips. Someone ask about the qualitative and quantitative writing qualitative and quantitative.

[00:08:44]So what is happening is what is the meaning of qualitative and quantitative is to actually describe to be not yet based on your economical equation. Okay let's say for example we have like maybe HCL plus mg you form mgcl2 plus H2. Okay so this is your balanced equation you get this right. So what is qualitative? So qualitative means that you actually write your sentence in terms of the chemicals the the reactant and your product. Okay means that you say that reactants are hydrochloric acid means you put everything in words.

[00:09:23]and magnesium This is one mark. Okay then quantitative it means you involve your number of moles. Okay example like you see here based on the ratio you have in the equation, you say this is two mole of hydrochloric acid, two mole of hydrochloric acid. As I I let you write a full word, I just want to ramble in here.

[00:09:48]Two mole of hydrochloric acid react with one mole of magnesium to form, or you can say to produce, one mole of MgCl2 and one mole of H2. Okay, like that, no?

[00:10:06]So, this is called qualitative and quantitative. Okay, just in case you're wondering.

[00:10:11]So, this is the uh first question that I can answer you from here. Okay, some a lot of you asking you the alkene and alkane uh combustion, which is uh based on tips uh is on this one, right? Uh based on tips uh is this one. A uh wait uh the tips is here.

[00:10:28]Okay, the the pembakaran or the addition. Okay, this one is alkana and haba, which is alkane and al and your heating law. So, for alkane and alkyne heating law usually is okay. So, what happen with what we do is since that example, let's say I have uh pentene and a pentane.

[00:10:45]So, pentene pentane, one is alkane, one is alkyne. So, what's the difference in terms of uh of your uh burning? Means if you do combustion, let's say example, C5H10, this one is C5H12.

[00:10:59]Okay, so the 10 and 12, the difference is what? The difference is if you heat uh if you burn pentane, you're supposed to get you a pentene give you more black soot. Okay, this one is more black soot, more black soot. And then, this one is lesser black soot. Okay, why this one got more black soot and the bottom one got lesser black soot? If they ask you to explain in the exam, most of the time they ask you to do calculation. What do you do to actually prove that pentene or alkyne got more black soot? You have to calculate percentage of carbon by mass.

[00:11:32]Okay, calculate this percentage of carbon by mass. So, let's say for example, let's say C5H10.

[00:11:38]You have to do what? You have to do like this, okay? You have to do like C5 over C5H10 multiply 100. And then you have C5 H12, you do the same thing is C5 over C5H12 multiply 100. So, you get the percentage of the how how many percentage how many percentage. So, usually alkane give you higher percentage. Okay, so alkane is higher percentage of carbon by mass.

[00:12:09]Okay, got more percentage of carbon means more black soot. Okay, and then for pentene will be the other way around, lesser lower percentage of carbon by mass and it will be considered as lesser black soot. Okay, and uh so this one is basically Okay, so means that when we talk about your black soot comparison, you have to do calculation. Okay, if they ask you who give you more black soot, who give you lesser black soot, do calculation.

[00:12:37]You know, all good, huh? Okay, so let me see here. Okay, no need to write the product for quan- qualitative.

[00:12:47]I did I not write product?

[00:12:48]Eh, sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry.

[00:12:50]I have to comma and then products uh sorry sorry. Products uh need to write both, okay? Products are uh magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Sorry, I go too fast.

[00:13:04]Magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

[00:13:14]Okay, I qualitative must write both, huh? You know, okay. Then uh On the next one, teacher, do you have the example for cation test and anion test?

[00:13:24]Uh Uh, for anion test and cation test, uh, this only example. Example question or you want a notes?

[00:13:31]Uh, we do have notes, huh? If you If you have your blah blah blah book with you or if you have your, uh, last year book with you, okay, then we have the NL and NL test, huh? Okay, talking about the NL and NL test, huh? Let me talk about the last question, okay? Based on the tips, huh? The tips here is your acid base and salt, huh? Okay, acid base and salt, huh? But, uh, based on the detailed tips we have for the last one, you see, huh?

[00:13:53]We have acid with water, so this one here is basically to see, uh, to actually see the presence of water. The importance of water to to bring out the acidic properties because as we all know, acid ionizes in water but do not ionize in your organic solvent. So, what we can say is if you throw acid into our water, it shows you acidic properties, it turns your, uh, blue litmus paper turns red. If it's in organic solvent, then, uh, your blue litmus paper remains blue, okay? Then, uh, your bee sting is acidic, your wasp sting is alkaline, so you do some uh, opposite neutralization, okay? Bee sting, apply toothpaste, baking soda, and then wasp sting is alkaline, you apply a vinegar, okay? So, these are the ideas. Strong and weak acid, I think this is no issue, huh? You all just have to memorize uh, memorize definition, uh, ionize completely, ionize partially in water to produce high or low concentration of H+, uh, and no issue. Definition of acid, guys, make sure you memorize definition of acid, huh? Because it's a chemical substance that ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ion, okay? That's the idea of your, uh, definition of acid, okay? So, what I want to discuss, huh?

[00:14:53]Is this one, okay? The last one, is an insoluble salt and soluble salt. This one, eh? Uh, because your question number 11, huh? Most likely is your, uh, uh, salt preparation, okay? Okay, sorry, your salt topic, huh? Okay, but, uh, this insoluble and soluble salt, usually they like to to ask you to prepare salt.

[00:15:15]So, to prepare salt, eh? Based on your form four syllabus, huh? Guys, let me just show you a little bit for those who actually forgot already, huh? Let me show you a bit, huh? To prepare your salt, you need to first understand solubility of salt essentially.

[00:15:29]Ah, yes, yes, to memorize who is soluble salt, who is insoluble salt, okay? Isn't that? Then by this salt preparation, you have to decide if you want to prepare soluble with SPA salt, any any salt with SPA cuz sodium, potassium, ammonium, you're supposed to use neutralization called acid plus alkaline, we have to use titration, okay? But if you want to produce soluble without SPA, you have to use acid plus metal, acid plus metal oxide, acid plus metal carbonate, any of these metal will do. But if you want to produce insoluble salt, you have to actually go for your double decomposition reaction, okay? So, this one here is my first guess of your procedure writing. Any of these three possible to be your uh question number 11, the procedure writing, okay? The last one to describe experiment. Can, huh? So, of course, if you need all these guys, just in case if you're lazy to find for all these things there, I'll take a I'll let you all take a picture, lah, huh? So, this is the titration, okay? You all take a picture for this. This one is the the process to actually uh produce soluble salt with SPA, okay?

[00:16:28]With sodium, potassium, ammonium. If you want to produce your salt without SPA, yes, take picture already, huh? Take picture already, huh? This is the produce soluble salt with SPA, so I I written here, okay? Soluble salt with SPA, huh? So, then if you want to produce soluble salt without SPA, you'll be this, [snorts] okay? Soluble salt without SPA.

[00:16:48]Okay? You'll be adding powder into the acid, then you uh filter all the extra powder, then you actually do uh heat, cool, filter, rinse, and dry. But if you want to produce insoluble salt, yes, take picture already, huh? Insoluble salt, insoluble salt will be double decomposition, where it's the it's much uh easier, so this one is to produce insoluble salt.

[00:17:10]Okay? So, you're going to go with this way to actually uh memorize your uh the procedure writing for your insoluble salt.

[00:17:17]Can? You're not all good, huh? Okay, but then guys, I just received the latest tips from some from some of my students.

[00:17:24]Okay, some of my my tutors also say uh there is another possibility where they ask the last question, huh? The procedure writing huh is about the test for ions. Okay, what is the meaning of test for ions? So, what happened is let me show you again, huh?

[00:17:42]Okay, in your in your form four chapter six, let me bring it up a little bit, huh?

[00:17:49]Form four chapter six, huh? One moment, huh?

[00:17:52]Uh >> [clears throat] >> Is it Oh, someone asked, "Is it per acid molecule or per unit volume for what?"

[00:18:00]For for for for what?

[00:18:04]Hey, sorry to fire. Is it possible to get the recording for this? Of course, of course. Later I will post to my YouTube. Okay, huh? Don't worry, huh?

[00:18:11]Okay, teacher, the tips is total 20 marks or combination multiple questions for question 11. I mean, guys, question 9, 10, 11, huh?

[00:18:18]All is the 30 marks. Question 9 30 marks. Question 10 30 marks. Question 11 30 marks. So, in the 30 marks, they will ask you multiple stuff, huh? So, A maybe definition, B maybe like uh the experiment, the observation, C maybe is calculation, then D is procedure writing. So, don't you want uh so, they can just do multiple mix and match for to to match up 30 marks. Okay, huh? Okay, huh?

[00:18:39]Okay, so uh strong or weak acid, huh? Strong and weak acid don't don't have to write per acid molecule or per unit volume. You just have to say produce high concentrated concentration of hydrogen ion.

[00:18:54]Or you want to put in per acid molecule also can, huh?

[00:18:56]Uh per acid molecule. Because per acid molecule, that word is only used for monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic. If you say monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic, it's uh one hydrogen ion per acid molecule, two hydrogen ion per acid molecule. Uh okay? Rate of reaction is per unit volume. Uh per per unit per unit time. Rate of reaction is per unit time. Mass per unit time, volume per unit time. Per unit volume, that one is in concentration. Rate of reaction in concentration.

[00:19:24]Okay.

[00:19:25]So, is it okay to leave first since I'm not a Selangor student? Don't worry, don't worry. It's okay. If you're not Selangor, don't rush. Go rest, go rest.

[00:19:32]Okay, study other subjects first.

[00:19:34]Okay. So, guys, back back to here. Just now I said here, your form four the cation and anion test and anion test, very high chance. So, let me just Let me just go through a little bit.

[00:19:46]Okay, wait.

[00:19:55]Okay, so if you still have your seminar notes with you, guys, your seminar notes with you, we have your cation test and anion test.

[00:20:04]Okay, cation test and anion test.

[00:20:06]So, for anion test, I got four possible anion tests. If you want to and based on tips, what is high chance to come out in tomorrow's exam, the test for for your cation and anion, we go for nitric.

[00:20:19]Okay, go for nitric.

[00:20:21]But, guys, don't don't don't just memorize one.

[00:20:24]Okay, and so you all take picture just in case you're lazy to find. Okay. So, we have four tests for we have four different negative ions.

[00:20:31]To actually test, let's say if you want to test for carbonate, you go with this first test, then you get a lime water to milky after adding the acid.

[00:20:39]But, for high chance as I said, to test for nitrate, you must add dilute sulfuric acid followed by iron two sulfate.

[00:20:47]Then shake well.

[00:20:48]A few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid is added, then turn the test tube upright. Okay, do not shake. Guys, must be in detail. And then your observation is brown ring is formed. Okay, brown ring formed. So, this is tomorrow. Okay, tomorrow exam based on our latest tips.

[00:21:07]okay? Tomorrow, maybe your last question, huh?

[00:21:09]Is the test for anion and cation? This is one of the ion to test. This is one of the procedure to write to test for your anion, the NO3 minus. Okay? Can I do this? I just in case you need this, take a picture of the test for nitrate ion.

[00:21:27]Okay? All good? All good? All good, huh?

[00:21:29]All good, huh? Okay. So, if this is okay, the other possible test, huh, is the The first test is negative ion test, huh? So, if you done with negative ion test, I got another one called the positive ion test. So, positive ion test that we call the cation test, huh? But got two category. Got cation test what?

[00:21:46]Usually is a colorful chemical. Colorful chemical like what you see, got yellow precipitate, got brown precipitate, okay? And then got like uh got like dark blue precipitate, this and that, okay? So, tomorrow based on the latest tips, huh, high chance is lead two.

[00:22:00]Okay? Means if they ask you to describe how do you test for lead two ion, you go by you go by adding your potassium iodide solution, okay? Then you actually see yellow precipitate, okay? Means to test Pb2+ you add KI. Why? Because when Pb2+ combine with I minus, huh, Pb2+ combine with I minus, you actually get PbI2.

[00:22:26]Uh this is yellow precipitate.

[00:22:29]Okay, this is your yellow precipitate.

[00:22:33]Okay, huh? So, uh if tomorrow come out this Sunday, actually quite short, huh? It's not say something very hard to do, just write one step, and then uh you get a yellow precipitate. Maybe two step, huh?

[00:22:43]Because you have to add like the the unknown chemical into test tube first, then second step you add this potassium iodide, then you get a yellow precipitate form as your final observation.

[00:22:52]Can I? Uh my teacher say need to write hydrogen gas for nitrate, huh? Oh, is it?

[00:22:57]Teacher say must got nitrate test, huh?

[00:22:59]Okay, uh someone give us a very important tips, okay? Nitrate test, very high chance, okay? Nitrate test, very high chance, okay?

[00:23:10]Okay, so this are test finished, okay?

[00:23:12]Test for nitrate is a high chance. Test for lead two not not confirmed but based on tips possibly, okay? But just in case if you need other test, let's say even a test for ammonium, okay? You have this NH4 plus, you add Nessler's reagent. You want to test Fe2 plus and Fe3 plus, you can go with option one or option two, option one, option two, option three. So guys, all these are options. So decide.

[00:23:37]First one or second one, first one or second one or third one, okay? So these are options. No need to No need to write everything here to test Fe2 plus or to test Fe3 plus, okay? Just actually write one means you write this, you get this observation. If you write the second one, you get the second observation. For iron three plus, you write the first one, you get the first test, okay? You write the second one, you get the second second observation like that, okay? So for test what? Fe2 plus, Fe3 plus is just like add one chemical, you get the observation, okay? Then going down, test for copper two ion also got we add add ammonia until excess where you get a dark blue precipitate, okay? You get a blue precipitate and then you get a dark blue solution, okay? Then isomer okay can later isomer I talk I finish this one first. I finish this one first, okay? Teacher form four chapter eight need to read composite material or not?

[00:24:25]Based on tips, I based on tips, I only see got glass. Composite material seems like no test. Gone, maybe I missed out. If you got, let me let me know.

[00:24:35]Okay, so guys so for here guys, the test for tomorrow, test for tomorrow, please make sure you memorize the test for Pb2 plus, you memorize the test for all the nitrate ion, okay? And based on tips guys, let me go back to the tips, uh.

[00:24:51]Okay, based on tips, somehow maybe also got relationship of pH. So you talk about what? Talk about Maybe go for the formula, guys. Remember the formula? The pH value for pH formula is what? pH equals to negative log concentration of H plus. Then you also have pOH equals to negative log concentration of OH minus. Then your pH plus pOH equals to 14. Okay. So, make sure you got formula with the formulas of your pH pOH and then and then total up is 14.

[00:25:21]Okay. Oh, got it. Is there any composite material?

[00:25:26]Okay, but I think got glass. Okay, I think so. I think that the other tips for saying glass.

[00:25:33]And go gotcha. How this one? So, study glass is what glass we have? We have four type of glass. We have the the soda lime glass, we have your borosilicate glass, okay, you have your uh What what else? Already.

[00:25:49]Suddenly you cannot think about the glass. Okay, but guys, revise your glass. Got four glass and total got the most basic glass. Got soda lime glass, which is actually easily mold into different shape. And then we have lead crystal glass. Lead crystal glass is the high refractive index one. And then your borosilicate borosilicate glass is for you to withstand high temperature one. Okay. Yeah, so the glass study a bit.

[00:26:10]Okay, but I never seems like they never use answers to go for composite material. So, I think it's fine.

[00:26:17]Okay. So, let me talk about uh uh this one. Okay, someone asked about this. I tried to go for this one also.

[00:26:24]Isomer for question 10, right? So, this one question 10.

[00:26:28]Isomer is what, guys? Definition of isomer must be very careful.

[00:26:32]Definition of isomer is same molecular formula but different drawing. So, we say different structural formula. So, what is different structural formula? It's like example, let's say if I have a C uh 4 H 8. Okay, C4H8. So, if you were to draw C4H8, how do you draw C4H8? You're going to be like, 1 2 3 4. Okay, but H8 though, you'll be like, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8.

[00:27:05]So, you realize what? Some part don't have H. It means what? It means that this is alkene.

[00:27:10]Alkene means got double bond.

[00:27:12]Ah, so this is like butene. But if you call this butene, this is not accurate because this double bond located at the first carbon call this the but-1-ene.

[00:27:22]Okay now? So, what is isomer? Means you have to modify the double bond position becomes into into the let's say if I move move it move it to the center. So, we call this the but-2-ene.

[00:27:33]All right now? So, this is called isomer. Okay now? This is called isomer.

[00:27:37]Okay, so can do monomer drawing ah. Monomer means you take the same thing you do combine together now. Okay, let's say let's say example I have a I use the same thing ah C4H8 ah guys.

[00:27:47]Let's say if I take C4H8 ah, I want to turn it into polymer, I call this the addition polymerization.

[00:27:54]Addition So, what do you do in addition polymerization? You make sure your left side and right side double bond the double bond left side right side is empty. So, means that I would like to move all this move all this to the bottom. So, eventually I can rearrange them into this way. So, here got H H H but here got C2H5.

[00:28:18]Okay now? So, I am actually combining this I I'm moving down the H ah. So, this is ah move down this H to here. Okay, and then I move the whole C2H5 to the bottom. Okay, I move it to the bottom, I move it to the bottom, I get my left side and right side is empty. Then how to become addition polymerization of the butene? So, what you do is you make sure your bond to the left and right up here but the center bond center double bond becomes single bond.

[00:28:45]Okay now? So, like this. Uh eventually, it becomes poly but-1-ene.

[00:28:57]Okay, so this is called addition polymerization. Okay, come guys. I I I'll try to answer I'll try to look through your question now, guys. There's a lot of questions I have to uh one by one, now. Okay, "Teacher, do we need to memorize the color of PB colors and stuff?" The color of salt? Of course, of course. Color of salt is the first thing you have to learn in salt, right? Colors must memorize. You cannot avoid one.

[00:29:18]Yeah, now.

[00:29:19]Uh what is SMT? I don't I also don't know. I don't know what is this SMT.

[00:29:24]Okay. Is it called fused glass? Oh, yes.

[00:29:26]The most normal glass is called fused glass. So, you start off with fused glass. They only got silicon dioxide.

[00:29:31]Then you add like uh sodium oxide sodium oxide and stuff becomes soda-lime glass.

[00:29:36]And then you add like uh boron oxide, you get like borosilicate glass. And then you add like uh lead lead, you add like you get a lead crystal glass.

[00:29:42]Correct. Uh the first one is fused glass.

[00:29:45]Okay. "Teacher, the anion cation coming from lead and nitrate only?" Not sure.

[00:29:49]This is the tips. Uh this is the tips that we actually have for now, now.

[00:29:53]Whether the tips is accurate or not, I'm not sure. Later tomorrow come out other test, then you let me know, okay? So, I I I give a intro first, okay?

[00:30:02]The tips now is PB2+ and NO3- but not sure. Not guaranteed one. All right, "Can Can you show me the test again?"

[00:30:08]Okay, can. Come. Let me Yeah, I think you you came in late, right? So, uh take a picture. Take a picture.

[00:30:14]Okay, test for nitrate. Okay, take the whole thing, now. Test for anion or the negative ion. Take picture of the whole thing. Then uh 2 5 seconds, now. 2 seconds, now.

[00:30:24]Okay.

[00:30:26]1 2 3 4 5.

[00:30:30]Okay, so then test for the lead two.

[00:30:33]Test for lead two including the test for FE2+, FE3+ also, okay, now. You can take a picture.

[00:30:38]Okay, someone asked for rate of reaction. Okay, rate of reaction later.

[00:30:42]Uh if an ion test nitrate, but in gas test how? What's brown is different, right? An ion test got gas test? An ion test? I mean, if you're doing an ion test, but gas test not here. In under heating.

[00:30:54]Then if you heat any salt with nitrate, you heat any salt with nitrate, you get brown gas, which is NO2 and O2.

[00:31:02]Okay? It means that if you have an unknown chemical, after heat, you get brown gas and oxygen, it must be nitrogen dioxide, I guess, and oxygen gas. And these [snorts] two prove that nitrate is present.

[00:31:15]Okay, now? That's how it works. Okay?

[00:31:17]Means I give you chemical A, after heat, you see two two these two gas, you know the chemical A confirmed got nitrate.

[00:31:23]All right, that's how it works. All right?

[00:31:25]Okay, now?

[00:31:26]Uh teacher, how about rusting? I'll rust it later. Uh I finish it slowly slowly, all right? Okay, I after I go for this.

[00:31:31]Teacher, can I take a screenshot for this page? Which sorry, which page?

[00:31:33]Which page? My bad.

[00:31:36]Uh for the test.

[00:31:42]The WhatsApp message one. Oh, you never get the WhatsApp message yet?

[00:31:45]You WhatsApp me, I just send you the whole message.

[00:31:47]Uh you drop me a message, I just WhatsApp you. Uh no need to take a picture.

[00:31:51]Okay, now? Okay, now? What is the similarities for saturated and unsaturated? Single bond, double bond.

[00:31:58]Okay, teacher, what they mean by scientist name? Scientist name is like the the scientist who discovered proton, discovered electron, discovered that electron goes in orbit. Chapter two, form four chapter two. Go to your You can search online for your uh form four textbook, right? And try to look for like those John Dalton and things like that. So, that one I don't want to go through. All right?

[00:32:16]Okay, now? You just include that, okay?

[00:32:18]Uh teacher, can I have your phone number? Guys, if you have anything you want to ask later on, just WhatsApp me, okay?

[00:32:24]After this class, all right? Because now is kind of rush, okay? And a bit a bit of short of time.

[00:32:29]Okay?

[00:32:30]Uh take down my number. If you have any question, I I I I try to reply you as soon as possible, all right?

[00:32:35]Okay? So, guys, uh I talk about carbon compound a little a bit already. I talk about uh I talk about your salt already. So, this is this two set already, yeah?

[00:32:45]Uh let's talk about uh rate of reaction because rate of reaction inside here based on our tips, yeah? Okay, rate of reaction. I think what uh collision theory, guys. Collision theory, yeah?

[00:32:54]Please, yeah? Please. Please make sure you all study this part, okay? Because collision theory is one of the easiest thing to score. Okay? So, make sure you when you when you go for collision theory, okay? So, let's say for here, uh collision theory, let me just write off the keywords, okay? Collision theory, first thing, what are the four factors that make your reaction faster? That affects the rate of reaction. So, we have first uh the four factors that we have. Number one is your size of reactant. Number two is your concentration of your chemical, of your acid. And then number three, we have your uh temperature. Number four, you have catalyst. Okay, can ask about four factors, yeah?

[00:33:28]But when we go for collision theory, yeah? What is the next keyword after all these factor? So, when we say size, usually we say size is smaller the better. Why? Because the next point is uh larger total surface area.

[00:33:41]Uh okay, so TSA means total surface area. Then if larger total surface area, frequency of collision increase, frequency of effective collision increase, and then rate of reaction increase. Okay, but guys, bear in mind, this FOC and FOE, yeah? Must always write between what particles? Between what? Uh okay, so between so specifically say between ion ionic equation particles.

[00:34:10]Okay, yeah? Between ionic equation particles. Example, guys, example based on what I just now I say, yeah? Let's say if I have acid and metal to get you salt and hydrogen gas, right? So, what is the particles that is involved in your collision theory? It's only the Mg and only the H+, okay? Why? Because Cl, the negative ion, yeah? Have no changes in redox reaction, it has no changes in oxidation number. So, it doesn't involve in the reaction. So, what is important in your collision theory is make sure in your equation you cancel off the spectator ion and only keep the important ions. So, let's say for acid and metal is metal with the H+. So, means when you want to say frequency of collision, you want to say frequency of collision between hydrogen ion and magnesium atom increases. Yeah, like that. Then ah, then for concentration is the higher the concentration, the what? The higher the number of particle, N O P, per unit volume.

[00:35:07]Ah, then the rest is as usual FOC increase, FOEC increase, and then rate of reaction increase, okay? Then ah, so these are the the ideas for collision theory, okay? But again, guys, the number of particle the particle ah, must also write the ionic equation particles, okay? Must be specific particles. Cannot just say particles this word. Must say between what and what. And then temperature is the higher temperature, you say kinetic energy increase, okay?

[00:35:31]Okay, say kinetic energy ah, increases and it achieve activation energy, ah, achieve activation energy, then frequency of collision increase, frequency of effective collision increase, eventually rate of reaction increase, okay? Catalyst is you have alternative pathway alternative pathway with lower activation energy then you just straight away go for frequency of effective collision increase, then rate of reaction increase.

[00:36:09]Okay, so these are some keywords for collision theory, just in case if you need this. You know, but guys, these are not enough ah, must write in details, okay? Must write collision between what and what, temperature of what, concentration of what. Must be very very very specific in your exam answering, okay? You know ah, so this is Teacher FOC is what? FOC is frequency of condition. FOEC is frequency of effective condition. Okay.

[00:36:32]So, this is the keyword for collision theory, yeah?

[00:36:35]Do you wish you only to say FOEC? Uh everyone need to say FOEC.

[00:36:39]No don't have anyone need to cannot say.

[00:36:42]Every every factor must involve FOEC.

[00:36:45]But only catalyst no need to say FOC.

[00:36:48]Uh only catalyst no need to say frequency of condition.

[00:36:51]Okay, yeah? Can I?

[00:36:53]Okay. How to know which one is spectator ion? If the ion have no change in charge. So, let's say for here, H+ your HCL is H+ Cl- and then MgCl2 is Mg2+ Cl- right? Do you see Cl- Cl- got no changes in oxidation number? The charge no increase no decrease, yeah?

[00:37:12]That is spectator ion.

[00:37:14]Okay, yeah? So, check your charge to determine spectator ion.

[00:37:18]Okay, lower the activation energy of what? Lower activation energy of what?

[00:37:24]No no. Alternative pathway with lower activation energy.

[00:37:28]And comma.

[00:37:29]Don't have lower activation energy of what?

[00:37:32]Uh we need to say alternative pathway with lower activation energy.

[00:37:36]Okay. Can I?

[00:37:38]Okay. Scientist name is form four chapter two. Chapter two. Chapter two.

[00:37:43]Chapter four also got chapter two or chapter four? It doesn't matter, yeah?

[00:37:46]Just try to find. Okay, those John Dalton thing.

[00:37:50]Okay, so supposed to be chapter two, yeah? If I'm not mistaken. I think chapter four also got the the the introduction of relative atomic uh so two and four got.

[00:38:00]Uh this is what does the compound consist of X amount of carbon? On this one?

[00:38:04]Uh this one? You say this one, is it?

[00:38:06]Compound consists X amount of carbon?

[00:38:07]This one, no? The calculation for percentage of carbon by mass.

[00:38:13]Okay, this is enough. Percentage of carbon by mass, yeah? So, this one is what is happening here.

[00:38:20]That one is the amount of carbon, yeah?

[00:38:22]Okay, can I?

[00:38:24]So, if this one no issue, what is heat of reaction? Yes, thermochemistry.

[00:38:30]Thermochemistry, correct.

[00:38:32]Okay, what else ah? What else ah? Just now someone asked me about Oh, rusting, rusting. Guys, rusting ah? So, for this question nine ah, question nine ah, is rusting voltaic cell and electrolytic cell guys, these three things ah.

[00:38:43]Is technically like the hardest thing of the whole chapter one. Okay, so I cannot cover everything here. I try my best ah.

[00:38:49]So, for rusting, so most likely rusting ah, uh The hardest question you have in rusting is to go for the experiment. Okay, what is the experiment in rusting ah?

[00:39:02]Teacher, what's EF and MF? EF is empirical formula and molecular formula.

[00:39:07]Okay, isotope.

[00:39:09]Okay, empirical formula is that you have to draw a table, you do mass over molar mass, and then calculate the the number of mole, calculate the ratio and the simplest ratio. Ah, then you after with the simplest ratio, then you convert it into molecular formula. Okay, so that was EMF and MF ah.

[00:39:25]So, for this rusting guys, let me just show you a little bit, okay, since we have it in our notes ah.

[00:39:33]Your form five.

[00:39:52]Okay, one second ah guys, I'm looking for my notes, okay.

[00:39:57]Aiya, I deleted my notes. Never mind guys, I download my notes now.

[00:40:02]One moment, about the rusting one.

[00:40:17]Rusting one is our favorite favorite notes.

[00:40:24]Okay, guys. I'm waiting. Let me drink some water.

[00:41:12]Well, my my email not loading, though, guys. Okay, ah.

[00:41:48]Oi.

[00:41:49]So, very long in my email. Ah, you.

[00:41:52]Taking his own sweet time, huh?

[00:41:54]Okay, finally done.

[00:42:25]>> Wait.

[00:42:27]Hey guys, it's still loading. My bad.

[00:42:29]All right, let me just answer any questions.

[00:42:31]Rusting if they produce hydroxide means there is no presence of iron two plus.

[00:42:35]No, no, no. Hydroxide means any metal any metal corrode also got hydroxide.

[00:42:41]Okay, because hydroxide is when you have oxygen, water, electron. So, any metal corrode also got electron release. So, as long got water, got oxygen, got electron, then you supposed to see a hydroxide. You supposed to see pink color. Uh but some of some of the more reactive metal when they rust, right?

[00:42:56]When when they corrode, right? You don't see pink color is because the the the reactive ion, they will combine with that the hydroxide ion. So, it will take away the pink color. Okay, that's the that's the idea of it.

[00:43:08]Okay, uh teacher better do question nine or eight. Which one do you suggest?

[00:43:12]Eight or nine cannot choose. It's nine or 10.

[00:43:14]Uh nine or 10. So, if you ask me, do both.

[00:43:19]>> [laughter] >> Okay, but if you ask me, I actually prefer carbon compound.

[00:43:23]Uh I prefer carbon compound, which is question 10.

[00:43:26]Okay, but there's no no no no guarantee in sequence.

[00:43:29]Sequence no guarantee one.

[00:43:31]Wait, oh finally, guys. Finally.

[00:43:34]Finally.

[00:43:43]Okay, let me share my screen. Okay, guys, this one is your rusting. Okay, this one we learned this in February.

[00:43:49]Okay, kind of a few months ago.

[00:43:51]So, in February rusting, uh my leg Okay, rusting, one of the idea is you can actually see the experiment.

[00:43:59]Okay, this one is a theory.

[00:44:01]So, in theory rusting, so you have to mention the presence of water and oxygen. That's the first requirement for rusting. And then when you do rusting, the center part of rusting is basically the anode where he lose electron. The The iron metal, he lose electron. We say Fe become Fe2+ by losing electron. But the electron will move to the left side and the right side the edge of the water droplet. So at the edge of water droplet, they will actually have water, oxygen, electron combine become hydroxide ion. Okay now? So then when you form Fe2+, you form you form OH-.

[00:44:31]These two thing will combine become the first stage of rusting where you have FeOH2 which is a green precipitate, a green solid. But this green solid don't last long. Eventually he will continue and further oxidize becomes a brown solid which is a iron three hydrated iron three oxide. Okay? So this is the the basic concept of rusting where you guys if you need to take a picture, you take a picture la.

[00:44:53]But I I I doubt they will ask so detail.

[00:44:56]Okay? Maybe they will ask what they they will ask you like this item rusting, how do you prevent rusting? So maybe in terms of prevent rusting la, you can look into this one. Or maybe you guys displacement of your metals, okay? Let's say based on the electropositivity. If you coil like magnesium ribbon with iron nail, your iron nail is prevented from rusting because magnesium is more electropositive. He corrode first to protect your iron from rusting. Then for iron nail with copper, you actually speed up your rusting of rusting of iron nail because copper is less electropositive. He make your whole redox reaction faster. So iron nail rust faster if you coil something that is less electropositive. Okay? So this is one of the possible question. Then maybe if you go for experiment wise, okay?

[00:45:40]Which is the details inside here where you see the colors la. If the moment you see blue color means iron rust. Okay? So low blue color means iron rust but a little. Very high and high means iron rust very fast. Okay? But then for the other side is if you see none blue color means iron don't rust. But you see a lot of pink. Why you see a lot of pink?

[00:45:59]Because the pink color is the OH. Okay?

[00:46:02]The OH OH means what, guys? OH means that your There is no Because you know why the rest is no pink color? Actually, everyone got pink color. Everyone got pink color. Okay, just that the OH- will they react with the with the ions that you actually have, okay? So, if let's say if iron rusted, right? The Fe2+ and the OH- will combine. So, that's why the pink color disappear. But when you don't have Fe2+ and you don't have Fe2+ in B and C, you have only Mg2+ and Zn2+. These two don't combine with the OH. So, the OH is very obvious. It's pink color very obvious.

[00:46:38]Every metal when they corrode, it shows you pink color, but some of the pink color disappear because iron when iron iron when the Fe2+ is is is present, the pink color disappear because OH combine with the with the Fe, okay? So, that is the the idea of it. Let's just say from here. Magnesium and zinc is more electropositive than Fe. So, magnesium and zinc will corrode first. Okay? But the thing is you can see like the pink color disappear. The phenolphthalein does not show pink color because OH- produced react with Fe2+ ion to form the first stage of rusting, the Fe(OH)2. Okay? Then So, that is the idea why even though everyone supposed to have pink color, but those that with iron rusting pink color not obvious is because of this reason. Fe2+ combine with the OH-.

[00:47:23]Okay? Yeah, so this is rusting concept.

[00:47:28]Okay, why OH cannot combine with Mg? Uh for OH and zinc, right? Because those are more electropositive metal, right?

[00:47:34]We we actually don't learn why they don't combine.

[00:47:38]We don't don't don't have to go through the understanding, okay? But in the idea is as long got Fe2+, OH will combine with it, okay? Because Fe2+ and OH are the like But the bonding inside is good friend, okay? But for reactive metals, right? They don't like OH. There is some issue on the bonding, but not in the syllabus, okay? Don't don't have to go through the two details about that.

[00:47:59]Okay, if I write van der Waals or electrostatic must add strong or weak.

[00:48:02]Must write if it for van der Waals must write weak van der Waals. Must for electrostatic must write strong electrostatic.

[00:48:09]Okay, if form or let me ask answer a bit of the whole question. If form four chapter eight cannot only read few subtopic. You mean you mean the glass?

[00:48:20]Can just go with glass at least on tips.

[00:48:22]I it's okay you are gambling. Anyhow you are gambling guys.

[00:48:26]>> [laughter] >> Okay, for at least double bond isomer must write good one in. Yes, as long as long as isomer the name must have numbers one. Good one in good two in. Okay, maybe like and then pen one in pen two in. Okay, always have numbers one.

[00:48:44]Would they ask procedure writing for form five chapter two? I mean based on tips. No, because procedure writing only last question. Question 11.

[00:48:53]But question 11 is it con- Confirm confirm form four chapter six.

[00:48:57]Who knows? If tomorrow open you see last question is not form four chapter six then you all GG but for based on tips everything now I'm saying based on tips. Based on tips.

[00:49:07]Form five chapter two no don't don't have procedure writing for tomorrow's exam.

[00:49:11]Okay, okay so rusting finished guys. Let me go for the voltaic and electrolytic guys. This one I try my best because really short of time. I try my best. Okay, for voltaic and electrolytic.

[00:49:26]Yeah.

[00:49:42]You still loading again.

[00:49:56]>> Okay, you send me the answers.

[00:50:04]Okay, so for uh full type and electrolytic cell, guys, as I said, there is so many things to cover in these these two topics. I cannot cover everything. So, I try my best. Okay. So, I heard comparison coming up based on this. But, but compare in terms of I of what I don't know. Okay. If someone asks if they ask about atomic size and atomic radius, should I say nuclear internal force or van der Waals force?

[00:50:29]There are two diff- These are two different things, though. Nuclear attractive force is between nucleus and electron. Van der Waals force is between a molecule and another molecule.

[00:50:39]Totally two different things.

[00:50:41]Ah. Okay. Wait.

[00:50:44]>> [laughter] >> So, if you want to say the size, size big or small, it's nuclear attractive force. Because size is is dependent is depending on the how strong the nucleus can attract. If if nuclear force very strong, he pull closer, so smaller size.

[00:50:57]So, if you talk about size, atomic size, it's about nuclear attractive force.

[00:51:01]Van der Waals force nothing to do with size. Okay, that one is about melting point, boiling point. Okay. Okay.

[00:51:07]Okay, so uh Okay, teacher may I ask again for the salt? Or what ask ask what?

[00:51:15]What do you mean what do you mean going to ask?

[00:51:17]Okay, let me let me let me just cover uh voltaic and electrolytic cell while waiting for your question to come out.

[00:51:21]All right. Okay, so for voltaic cell and electrolytic cell, a lot of things, guys. Voltaic cell, first thing, you must be very familiar with your half-cell equation table. We call this the standard electrode potential series, the SEPS. So, in terms of SEPS, you actually have to make sure you know the correct arrangement. The arrangement is most negative to most positive. Must be this arrangement only can use your table. Okay. Why I say this is very important? huh? Because as long the table is arranged in the correct sequence, what they like to ask in the exam like is something like this. Okay, this is an uh So, they like to ask you one thing like Okay, they will say they give you like a random maybe a Daniel cell, maybe a uh a voltaic cell. Okay, so when they give you this cell like usually they have two different metals. You have like zinc, you have like copper, or you have like magnesium and zinc. Okay, it's like that. As long you got two different metals, huh? What do we do? We have to go to the table. Okay, you go to the table, huh? Then you actually refer to the equation.

[00:52:18]What do you do? At the two equation, you go anticlockwise. Okay, huh? You go anticlockwise. It means guys, in the table if no matter how how many uh how many uh equations they give you, right?

[00:52:30]How many equations they give you, huh?

[00:52:31]You just actually go anticlockwise.

[00:52:34]Okay, means let's say if they give they give you the full table like this.

[00:52:37]Okay, but I want to just compare zinc and copper. So, zinc is here. Copper is here. We go anticlockwise in this way.

[00:52:44]Why anticlockwise? Because first, zinc will lose electron. He undergo oxidation, then he become Zn2+.

[00:52:51]But the electron will give to who? Will give to Cu2+ and become Cu. And this one is reduction. He gain electron. So, as long you can determine who oxidation, who reduction, who lose electron, who gain electron, I think should be fine.

[00:53:04]Okay, so this one is the the idea for voltaic cell, huh? Because as long you can get this correct, huh? Then later on, if they ask you to write cell notation, just go accordingly to the anticlockwise. You have your Zn becomes Zn2+. Double line, that is your salt bridge, and then Cu2+ becomes Cu. So, do you see it follows like this? 1 2 3 4.

[00:53:27]Okay, so this one 1 2 3 4, you get this cell notation. Okay, you open up this uh anticlockwise into a straight line become a cell notation like this. Okay, huh? And then if they ask you to do calculation, you always take the bigger number minus the smaller number. Take the big voltage minus small voltage. You always get like a negative negative become positive. You like total up the the numbers, okay? Then you get a cell voltage. So this is for voltaic cell, okay? But for electrolytic cell, it's much harder. Why? Because electrolytic cell, you have battery. When you have battery, you can you can trigger multiple stuff. You can trigger different different things. We can actually have from here. You can say for you see ah, so the the details in your electrolytic cell is this stage. Is it on ah?

[00:54:11]The factors that affects electrolysis, if your chemical is in what? If your chemical is a dilute Okay, number one dilute solution.

[00:54:20]Dilute solution with carbon electrodes, ah? Dilute and carbon electrodes, you apply factor what? What is factor one?

[00:54:28]Where you talk about E not value. At the anode, the anion that is more negative or more or less positive is selected to be undergoing your ah redox reaction. Okay, let's say for example, let's say for example, ah?

[00:54:42]Let's say if I my example here is I got ah copper 2+ and H+ in my solution. So based on my concept is I will choose Cu2+ ah selectively discharge, okay? Because E not value of copper 2+ is more positive than E not value of H+. So you select Cu2+, then you actually ah write the equation. You see brown solid formed. Now on the other side the other side is your anode. You also go have to choose ah. But for that for anode side, right? You have to choose what? Okay, you have to choose the more negative one. So at anode side, you choose more negative, you see ah? So OH- and SO42- I will choose the more negative one or the less positive one. So I will be selecting OH. So you can say OH- you see you form water and oxygen and electron.

[00:55:30]You form colorless gas, which is your oxygen gas. Okay, ah? So this is the the the first factor that if your chemical is in dilute and carbon electrode.

[00:55:42]Okay, then you have uncovered electron ah.

[00:55:44]Okay, so ah If okay guys, if your solution is not dilute, in instead it is concentrated, concentrated ah.

[00:55:55]Then what do you do? Okay, same thing got carbon electron ah.

[00:55:57]Carbon electrode and concentrated, your anode don't choose based on you know value anymore, you choose headlight. If got headlight, choose headlight. If no headlight, follow back factor one. Okay, that is the changes in anode. But cathode no changes, cathode always always choose the one that is more positive. Okay, ah anode cathode always choose more positive ah. It is the anode that is having difference. But then if you go for type of electron, means your electron right now is not carbon, it's active electron. What is active electron? Active electron usually got copper or silver ah.

[00:56:30]Okay, so copper or silver, they will dissolve. All right, the equation for for anode will be met your metal dissolving, so it will be Cu dissolve become Cu2+ + 2e, or maybe if you silver dissolve will be Cu Ag become Ag+ + e like that. Okay, so these are the ideas of third factor. So in overall, follow the type of solution and the type of electrode to decide which factor to be used. Okay, then which one to use there?

[00:57:01]You have to be very careful and then choose them correctly for for active electron, anode no need to choose. Okay, just anode dissolve.

[00:57:10]Copper dissolve or silver dissolve.

[00:57:12]Yeah, ah.

[00:57:13]Teacher, concentrated means more than one? Yes, guys. Concentrated means more than equal to one.

[00:57:19]Ah, one more than equal to one, they consider concentrated, then choose headlight. If no headlight, choose back the less the less negative value. Okay, ah.

[00:57:29]Okay.

[00:57:32]Okay, so for for what we actually see inside here, this are the the voltaic and electrolytic cell. So guys, this one here, if you like this topic, I think this is not to say very hard, but a lot of things to go through. Okay, a lot of things to go through.

[00:57:48]Okay, so uh teacher for voltaic cell, anode negative, cathode positive. For electrolytic cell, it's anode positive, cathode negative. Correct. Okay, means if you're talking about electrolytic cell, the cell with battery, yeah? Cell with battery means that anode is positive terminal, cathode negative terminal. But the cell without battery, voltaic cell, okay, the voltaic cell is anode negative terminal, okay, anode negative terminal, cathode positive terminal. Okay, follow the the terminal, follow the E0 value.

[00:58:19]Okay, your terminal refer to E0 value.

[00:58:20]If your E0 value is negative, it's negative terminal and it's anode. And then if your E0 value is positive terminal, it's uh it's positive sign, it's positive terminal and it's cathode.

[00:58:29]Okay, because voltaic cell don't have battery. No battery, how to refer to terminal?

[00:58:33]Okay, you get it? If no battery, then you refer to battery. If no battery, you refer to this. Okay, refer to your E0 value.

[00:58:39]Okay, so Okay, anode will attract anion, cathode attract cation. Yes, correct. Uh anode attract anion, cathode attract cation.

[00:58:49]Follow follow the name. Okay, anode attract anion.

[00:58:52]And then cathode attract cation.

[00:58:55]Okay, don't follow terminal, guys, because a lot of people say teacher, positive terminal attract negative, negative terminal attract positive ion.

[00:59:01]This is not wrong, but sometimes it's incorrect in terms of different type of cell. So the best way to memorize which ion go to which direction is anode attract anion, cathode attract cation.

[00:59:14]This is a correct concept. Okay, and electron also like that. Electron flow not from negative to positive or negative to positive. Memorize flow from anode to cathode. Okay, electron flow, from anode to cathode.

[00:59:27]Okay, electron flow anode to cathode.

[00:59:29]Okay, guys, all good?

[00:59:31]Yeah, so uh No question for now? Did I miss out any question? Let me see. Yeah, let me see.

[00:59:38]Yeah, guys, let me double check. Okay, let me let me double check any question that I miss out.

[00:59:44]Guys, if I if I did not answer your question, you you say a hi to me. Okay, you let me know I I miss out your question.

[00:59:51]Okay, teacher, do you think you can maintain A?

[00:59:54]I have faith in you. You can do it.

[00:59:58]Okay, yeah, so guys, it's kind of late already. So, if no question, then I just want to move on.

[01:00:04]I just want to end the class.

[01:00:05]Someone ask, "What's the relationship of pH and the calculation of pH and the the strong and weak acid?"

[01:00:12]The S and P, I don't know what's that.

[01:00:14]So, that one don't care.

[01:00:15]Okay, study a bit of a calculation.

[01:00:18]Okay, okay, yeah. So, guys, if no question, uh any more Someone ask. Okay, no question?

[01:00:23]All the best for your exam tomorrow, guys. I will I will any tips again, guys. If any tips or any latest update, I will share to my WhatsApp group.

[01:00:32]What's thing can use vinegar? Can.

[01:00:34]What's thing alkaline use vinegar?

[01:00:36]Yeah, yeah, all good, yeah. Okay, so guys, if uh if you're not in any chemistry WhatsApp group, okay, maybe you're a UK student, you're a violent student, okay, but you never receive any tips, right? Uh uh just in case if you need any group to get the latest tips, okay, uh I give you my link. Uh Whoever not in my WhatsApp group, okay, you can click the link to join, okay.

[01:01:00]Uh teacher, explain thermochemistry formula. Okay, thermochemistry like only got three formula. Like usually step one is number of mole. Number of mole usually if it's a solution, you do MV over 1,000. But if it's like uh if it's alcohol mass, you do mass over molar mass, okay? Once you have number of mole, you do Q equals to MC theta, where M is the total amount of volume. Like I say, you have acid and alkaline you to together. Then the theta is the change in temperature. Then number three, you take your delta H is your heat of reaction. Take your Q over number of mole. Okay, like this.

[01:01:32]Take your heat of the reaction, divide the number of mole of the reaction, you get heat of displacement, heat of neutralization in terms of one mole.

[01:01:40]Okay, now.

[01:01:41]Yeah, so this is the idea.

[01:01:43]Okay. First day, I know you got a group for form five. Guys, this group I I don't know I started this group maybe like two weeks ago.

[01:01:50]I usually don't like having groups like because I'm a bit lazy. But recently the tips are very last minute. So, I do group. I just do Okay, guys. Yeah, so guys, if okay, no issue, I shall I shall pray for your exam tomorrow. Okay. How the ratio for MAVA MBVB? Ratio is based on the equation. Ah, MAVA MBVB, yeah. This one, yeah. The acid alkaline one, yeah. MAVA MBVB equals to A over B. The A over B from the equation.

[01:02:21]Ah, so if your acid in front got a number, you put the number in for A. If the alkaline in front got any number, put the number for B. All right. Yeah, so if it was sulfuric acid, it doesn't matter, as long you follow equation.

[01:02:35]Let's say example like H H2SO4 plus KOH, okay, you form K2SO4 plus H2O. You balance equation, you get two and two. Okay, like this, yeah. So, when you with this two and two, your acid is one, base is two. Okay, because acid in front got no number, but alkaline in front got a two. So, one over two.

[01:02:56]Ah, not follow basicity. No, no, no.

[01:02:58]Neutralization formula is basically your stoichiometry. The A over B ratio is your equ- equation ratio.

[01:03:07]Okay, not basicity.

[01:03:11]Okay, so guys, okay, yeah. Can I guys?

[01:03:13]So, if okay, no issue, any more questions, ask me through WhatsApp. lah.

[01:03:16]Okay, guys. Thank you for coming. I I hope you all score tomorrow, lah. Okay?

[01:03:21]I hope the tips is good. Thank you, guys. Bye-bye.

[01:03:25]Bye-bye.

[01:03:30]Okay, guys. All the best. All the best.

[01:03:32]All the best. All the best. Okay? Score well, lah. Score well, lah.

[01:03:37]Pray for A.