Durnil turns the dry study of cartography into a high-stakes intellectual sport, making historical literacy feel like a thrilling detective game. It is a brilliant demonstration of how deductive reasoning can breathe life into the shifting borders of our past.
Deep Dive
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Deep Dive
Guessing Map Ages AGAIN… This One Broke MeHinzugefügt:
Before we jump into this, I just want to really briefly mention we have country humans for sale over at makeshift.com.
So check that link down below. Get Germany, the USA, and Russia. They're all humans and they can do a lot of things when they're humans. Down below, time to date more flags. I love dating flags. Here we go. Let's take the flag out for a nice dinner.
>> Okay, we're going to talk about the Soviet Union again and China.
>> Uh, hold on. Did he give us a chance to take a look at the map before we jump into it? No, there was no like second of silence. Okay, so real quick, let me just go ahead and give my guess in the very beginning. We have the Soviet Union, we have China. So, we're obviously talking about probably the last 50 years, maybe. We have decolonization for the most part inside of Wait, man, this Congo one. That's what really uh that sends me into a lot of different weird things in my thoughts. Weird things in my thoughts.
Does that make any sense? Okay, so post Vietnam War because the Vietnamese have their communists, the unified Vietnam, the nation of Zer or something like that. I'm thinking this is the '7s.
Yugoslavia is still around >> particular years. Furthermore, I observed that in America we are quite peaceful. The entire >> you this is so difficult to date flags and only look at uh the American continents because nothing has changed basically ever since um I guess post US civil war almost nothing has changed over here. Very little well you know you have Cuba changing hands from uh Spain to USA then going independent but it is today those >> for the most part things haven't changed. Oh, do we have a unified Germany? Oh, we have a unified Germany, don't we?
>> Where the Africans thing we see is the Republic of >> Oh, also Eratraa is under Ethiopia still >> here, which no longer exists. Beside it, the People's Republic of Congo, which >> there's uh yeah, see Aratraa here, which I think what is that like the '9s or something like that, >> which no longer exists. And to the east, the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, no longer exists. And furthermore, lasted four years.
>> So, we've narrowed it down. I'm going to say 1990 then. It's got to be 1990 because the Soviet Union exists and Germany's unified. This is actually a very very easy one. This might be the easiest flag or sorry flag map. I It is a flag map to to date which gained independence in 90. So the map must >> I have a feeling most people most like general like history buffs that know at least the last 50 years of history are going to be able to guess this one.
>> But let's ref >> because the two popular the two or three most popular nations to be able to play this game. You need to know the history of the USSR and the history of Germany because they dictate so much as of the last like 200 years. You kind of need to know the the history of Britain and things like that too. But everyone looks at the USSR and you look at Germany. So boom. Yeah, this is definitely 1990.
>> This time is not 99% chance. Wait, why are we why are we making fun of Peruvians again?
>> Peru is not key.
>> Ah, Peru is key. I remember when that was a big thing. Peru esclave. I don't know where that came from.
>> We can see a reunified Germany. This happened on October 3rd 90. And on the other hand, we see that Yugoslavia was still complete. This tells us that we are before.
>> It's funny. I started looking around all the other details. I didn't need any of that. I just need to look at the USSR and a unified Germany and bam. It's got to be 196 of that same year when the secession of Slovenia occurred, which leave us with a margin of 88 days. If I missed anything, leave it in the comments.
>> 88 days. That's pretty great right there. Oh, and Lithuania declared independence a day after German reunification. Okay, so Germany or sorry, Lithuania is not currently on this map as you can see, but they might be popping up soon. Oh wow, this joke from the very beginning completely went over my head. I thought he was just making the same joke that he made in other videos. He's talking about the great socialist republic of the union of Burma. I see. This is why I'm saying I think the vast majority of history buffs are going to be able to get this one.
It's, you know, it's it's 1990. Uh, you got to think about that time period for sure. Now, I need to be a little bit more careful not just guessing the year cuz technically I could have seen like a small trick. I mean, anywhere between 1990 and the very very end of '91, I think it's December 31st, when the USSR actually collapses, there's a lot of things that happen in the world, right, in that time period. Like, they could have tricked me. Let's see how this date goes with this map. I I feel pretty confident starting off this video.
>> Was almost entirely colonized.
>> Okay, hold on. Let me back it up real quick. Okay, so we have a colonized Africa. I can see back there. We also have a uh What else do we have?
colonized Africa, a Russian Empire flag.
This is still this is late uh China, but also the Japanese control Korea. So, this is post 1895. Do they also have Taiwan? They have that. Is this uh before after World War II? Oh, this is definitely I don't even have to look at Europe to know that this is before or during World War I because uh Germany has their overseas territories. Also, Germany has their old, you know, German Empire flag.
>> Uh we just need to look at Europe and I'll be able to, I think, identify this.
Now what is the time frame that I want to go with here? Uh anywhere between Dang. So German unification initially it's anywhere between like 1871 and 1919 >> or something like that. Okay. So we have the Belgians in the Congo. When did they start using that flag? I'm not even sure.
>> The Germans are still here. How are we going to determine would the flag show if it was in the middle >> colonized of of World War uh one? I'm not even Yeah, we'll see.
>> There were only three independent.
>> How are we going to figure this out?
Because that's like a long time period.
Like 50 years. I'm going to back it up once again.
>> You to guess the year of this map.
>> If I only knew that that Mexico flag, some of these old flags like when Okay, Tibet is independent. When did Afghanistan have this flag?
>> I do.
>> Oh. Oh, well, we were able to identify.
It's because of Japan is helping us out.
So 1905, I believe, is when they take Taiwan. So it's anywhere between Oh, and then the SpanishAmerican War, the Russo Japanese War. Does that has that already occurred? I maybe uh >> it might be anywhere between 1905 and 1914.
>> I noticed was that Africa was almost entirely colonized. In fact, there were only three independent countries, Liberia, Ethiopia, and Dervish. This indicates that the map predates decolonization which began in 1950.
Additionally, if >> I mean there's different ways that you can handle this. Is there any other like small detail clues to help us narrow down the year? If we look at central Asia, we will >> Oh, what about the Italian Libyan war and also the Balkan wars wars that prelude World War I. So yes, uh the Italians do have North Africa. They took this away from the Ottomans. So now we can confirm post 1911 I believe. Have the Balkan wars occurred? Bulgaria looks kind of chunky.
I think the Balkans are going to be key to figure out. Peru is not key, but the Balkans are key to figuring this whole thing out.
>> I think it might be. Is that a big Bulgaria?
>> It might be. I we have a three-ear time span for sure in my head.
>> If we look at Central Asia, we will see that Afghanistan had this flag which was used between these years.
>> I would have had to look this stuff up.
>> And next to it, we have the Persian Empire which maintain this other one >> which by the way is quite long >> from 1907 until 1933.
>> Yes. Okay. So, >> in America, we see that >> he's using like flag history. I don't have great flag history just off the top of my head. I have to look that stuff up.
>> Canada and Mexico.
>> Um, obviously Cuba is independent. go appear with old flags which were replaced in 1921 and 1916 respectively.
Continuing our journey.
>> It's interesting he's he's going this route. I think that's more interesting to me to see this YouTube channel choose the the flag history route cuz I can do the borders and I can explain to you the border changes and the wars that have occurred. But uh you know everyone has a different way to come up to the same solution. It's like a math problem you know like sometimes you can solve a math problem in multiple ways. So it's cool to see how other people solve it. or Europe. We will see that Portugal >> uh and I'm sure you guys in the comments will have different ways that you've solved this, but ah man, this is the key. Serbia does look kind of big. It might be 1912 >> was already using its current flag adopted in 1911. And I couldn't over the Republic of China, founded in 1912, lower German New Guinea, a position that this empire lost to the hands of Australia and Japan in 1914. This was the closest I could get if >> Yeah. So I said 1912.
>> You saw something I didn't believe.
Lieutenant >> and the keys in the Balkans somewhere.
Maybe in the Balkan War, but I'm not 100% about that. And of course that is the top comment. 1913 because the second Balkan War hasn't that's why I picked 1912, but I actually wasn't sure the exact date when that conflict occurred.
Oh, actually everyone is just talking about how they're just looking at the Balkans. That's that's the dead giveaway. Okay, cool. I'm glad that we all have the same hive mind. I looked at it and thought probably a little before World War I. I think that's generally most history buffs can definitely figure that part out. But I actually kind of surprised myself with this one, being able to remember some of the smaller details that preluded that kind of came right before World War I. Like instantly I was like 1900 to 1914. But then I forgot, hey, I kind of remember some of these small little details. Some of these kind of bigger events that happened during this. That's that was fun. Here we go. Round three. Let's see if we can do this. Okay, so we have the Soviet Union. This is World War II.
Definitely easily. Look at that. Huge Japan. But what year now? I think I can get this. I might be able to get the exact year here.
>> Thing that I know.
>> Let's see. Okay, so we have a no no Germany that's taken over all of the world. This is probably 1942. This is might maybe the easiest one so far. Oh, we have the invasion of Iran. So the British and the USSR have both occupied um the Iranian Persian territory. So let me just I I'm just making sure that that was this is 1940 1943. It's anywhere between 40 when was that invad? I just did research about this. I'm pretty sure Nassie, nasty, nasty, nasty.
>> Yes, there's lots of them.
>> Is it 41? Uh, it might be.
>> Must be somewhere.
>> Francisco Franco in charge of Spain of World War II. Additionally, we can clearly see >> Oh, did we Are we occupying Iceland?
What year was that again? God dang it.
Okay, Finland's invading. Is it 41 or 43?
>> Francis on one side there's Bish.
>> Uh, well, 41. So, Operation Barbosa occurs in June. They get very far into USSR territory.
>> A puppet state established by Germany that control this.
>> This is bothering me because I actually should know the exact date, but for some reason I'm just forgetting.
>> It's Iran that's giving it away.
>> Several of >> But then again, they could have occupied it for a while by now. So maybe it might be 43. Go back to the Pacific theater, please. I need to look at Japan again.
>> France, which opposed them from exile.
Both countries existed from the year 1940 until the year 1944 in the North Atlantic region. We >> we have Greenland. Okay. So when did Yeah. When did this stuff take? Because the British invaded Iceland. Isn't didn't the British occupy Iceland though?
>> Also know that it you know so I'm thinking 41 because that could have been when it started but that doesn't mean that it couldn't leak out to 43. Like you know they could have held on to this that same thing for Iran.
>> Both Iceland and Greenland came. We have to consider when Denmark was invaded >> under provisional American control. A situation that lasted from 1941 until >> Okay, so I was right that it started in 41. But that doesn't mean that the year of this map is 41. It could be still 43 of the war.
>> And I'm saying 43 because that was when the axis was basically at their height.
But also that's a right around the the time that the tides begin to turn >> Oh well, you know what? You know what?
The U the USA's in in the war. The USA is obviously I'm thinking right the USA is basically involved. We don't know for sure but I I think the US has definitely declared war uh on the axis. They're at war with Japan I think at this point. So there's probably a higher likelihood that it's 42 to 43.
>> Back to Europe.
>> So maybe it's 42.
>> We observed that Italy still maintained control over Greece, Albania, and Libya.
Although this last territory was eventually conquered by British forces in 1943, but heading towards 42 >> Southeast Asia.
>> Um did I give a guess? I'm going to say 42. We will notice that Japan was at its >> Have they blown up Pearl Harbor? We're not going to be able to figure that out.
>> Point of maximum extension, which occurred in 1943. So, we conclude that this is the map's year. If I missed anything, >> so he's saying 43. I don't see how it could be. I don't see any evidence for it to not be or to be 42, but anyways, it's it's all it's fine. I don't need to be that specific about it. I mean, you can tell just by looking at the fact that uh Germany is extending towards Stalenrad. Yeah. Like it's a very easy map to know exactly what's going on, but for the exact like month and date, you could figure that out potentially. Oh, this comment is confirming my suspicion that it is 42 because of Egypt. And then this comment which was highlighted by the creator, Germany is at Stalenrad. So anywhere between July 42 and January 43.
So all right, I will take that as another dub. Man, I'm feeling good about this one. I I did very poor in the last time I tried to date flags or date maps.
Uh this is a little bit easier. the the choices that he's going with are a little bit easier for me to identify.
Like I don't do uh good when you go far enough back in history, but I think maybe that's everybody. I'm going to take this map to an Italian restaurant when I date her. Anyways, okay. What are we doing here? This is my fourth date with a map. What year is this? So, it's definitely a more recent one. So, I'm I'm feeling confident. I'm feeling good because I've been doing so good in this video so far. I would say the USSR is there, old Persia. Okay, so it's Cold War. Look at Germany East and Okay, so that doesn't really narrow things down.
And that's several decades there. But we have decolonization in Africa, >> but Portugal is still there. So it could be the 70s any It's probably around the 70s. Now let's look at Vietnam. So the South still control. Wait, is that extended all the way? Is that yellow?
No, no, that's a North Viet. Okay, so the Vietnam war is going on post Korean war. The USSR, sorry, USA has is helping Taiwan. Uh anywhere between maybe 67 and 73 potentially. What about Goa?
>> Can we see Portugal controlling Goa? I noticed was the >> Oh, here we go again.
>> That immediately tells us, >> okay, people get annoyed of him constantly making this joke, but who what whose person what person's eyes is not going immediately to the Soviet Union? It's such a massive nation.
That's the first thing everyone's eyes are going to >> that it must be sometime between the years 1922 and >> I you know he's he's going to break things down. He's going to be like a creator so people can watch you know but we we know pretty fast that it's we can narrow this down way smaller than that.
On the other hand, the continent of America looks quite similar to how it appears today.
>> How can I figure out if it's anywhere between like 65 and 75, the fall of Saigon, so I think it's between that 10year time span. What else happens? I just know like invasion of Goa. I'm pretty sure Portugal finally leaves in Africa in like 73 for some reason. Um, what other major Oh, six day war. Does Israel control the >> Senai? Exception, however, which was still under Dutch colonial rule. So, we know it's before 1975.
>> Nice. So, we're Oh, yes, they do. So post 67 bec but they but the Israelis controlled that for like seven years there. So how else can we figure this out? What other identifying factor is going on? What other wars? There's >> we go to South >> No Afghanistan invasion of the Soviets.
>> We will see the complete opposite.
Rodicia still existed today known as Zimbabwe.
>> So I I did 65 to 75 pretty fast too. But now we're 67 >> controlled Namibia and Portugal controlled Angola and Mosmbique. north, we observed that Israel was still occupying the Sinai Peninsula, which is now part of Egypt. And in >> what else could there be? What other identifying things to to show? I can't even if I knew more about flag history, I probably would be able to do it. Um, the Iranians still have their old flag, but that's, you know, Iranian revolution takes place in 79, so that doesn't help at all. Uh, the Afghanistan flag, maybe Afghanistan's always changing flags.
Afghanistan actually is a key component to dating maps because they've had so many flags in their history. It's kind of funny. parts of Pakistan.
>> Oh, so when did when when was that? 71 or 73. I keep thinking that. But when did Bangladesh stop being East Pakistan?
>> However, >> oh 71. Okay, that's good. I would agree with this these dates.
>> But what else?
>> Two countries, Fishy and Tonga. Both of which achieved their independence in 1970. From this, we can conclude the map dates back to this specific period.
>> I couldn't figure it out.
>> I missed anything. Let me know.
>> I think that this is the weakest performance I've had all I'm not even complaining. the video I've I think I've done pretty good so far, but >> could you get >> uh that that I couldn't narrow it down closer than basically that like a six-year time span he got to, you know, obviously if I can Google this stuff, we're just playing off the top of our head, but um I think there's definitely details in the in the flags. I'm so glad I just want to say I'm so glad this creator is continuing to make this sort of content cuz obviously his content is fantastic. Really well edited, really good stuff. Please keep making videos like this. I hope he continues to be rewarded by the YouTube algorithm because this is great stuff. UAE got independence in 71 and it isn't here.
So, it's 1970. Very nice. That is one really good way to look at it. Here's an overall breakdown of all the details uh that this person specifically you Oh, no. He's he's breaking down more than just what uh the video is breaking down.
That's really good stuff to do. You missed how Australia owns Papa New Guinea. Um 1970 was such a good guess.
Okay. Bam. Right there. Um, I think that I think that that's an aspect of this is that they're using nice round numbers. I think he's starting to use round number.
Well, kind of. Actually, that's not true. But sometimes you can kind of guess when it's going to be a rounder number. It's easier, like I said in a previous video when I previously tried to date all these maps. Like it's uh easier to find what the world looked like a more accurate version on like, you know, round numbers 1900, 1950, 1850. I don't know something about that.
And I think historians really try to know exactly what the world was looking like at these key moments because in between moments you have wars and chaos and all this other stuff that's breaking things down and make things really complicated to map things out. Now, this will be a fun one. We're going to uh date an encyclopedia. I've been dating maps. Encyclopedia. You know, maps have not been going well for me. Maybe I need to date an encyclopedia.
>> Date of this old German encyclopedia.
>> Old German encyclopedia. This is fun because we can only use flags obviously.
So, it's obviously World War II times because Germany's got their SC or sorry, Japan's got their scary flag.
>> We've got Taga in there, Zar, Hawaii, which is obviously a US state. So, there's US states in there as well, which I think make things confusing.
Liberia, >> we need to know history for sure. Okay.
Can we not? Can we not? Yeah. Yeah. I was going to say YouTube is going to slap me. Please don't. Okay. So, here's an a key indicator for me. Thailand has their old flag and I believe Thailand is still called Syiam at this point. So the I love this flag by the elephant. When did they switch though? When did they get rid of the elephant? I can't I think it was in the 30s potentially, but that's a that's a key factor here. So I'm instantly thinking maybe 1930. He also made a reference to Nazi Germany.
So it might be 1933 to maybe 39.
Basically >> thing that I noticed were the flags of Persia and >> Oh wow. What the heck is even that? Oh, China.
Yeah, what the hell?
>> Yeah, I was going to say these are some again, it's a German encyclopedia, so they're probably not going to get things accurate.
>> Looks a lot more like Garrett Bobby Ferguson. Besides, it's not even facing in the right direction, but whatever.
Bersa used this specific flag.
>> That's Did they >> from 1852 until 1900?
>> Did they use this specific flag with the green border that only goes from top right down? I don't remember that.
>> Furthermore, Brazil.
>> Yeah. See, that's the weird thing about this encyclopedia. It's kind of um like like the Korean flag. This is not right.
I think the red's supposed to be on top and the blue's at the bottom. So, you're you're trying to forget about the mistakes that these German uh bookmakers made, which is kind of annoying.
>> One are crucial because both of them changed their national flags in 1889.
And if we observe carefully, we will notice that the United >> What did I say? I already went with the 30s.
>> Flag have 38 stars. Yes, I actually counted them. I'm stupid. However, >> uh I wouldn't take that for I actually wouldn't take that. I wouldn't look too deeply into that because this obviously the encyclopedia is already making several mistakes. I think they might have just only been able to fit 38 dots in there, but who knows?
>> That indicates to us that we are prior to >> I don't know, dude. I wouldn't take that cuz we saw how bad those flags were drawn before. I I don't think this is I don't know, man.
>> 1890. Although, upon analyzing it more closely, I encountered a few mistakes.
For example, this Cook Islands flag stopped being used in 1888 when it was replaced by this atrocity.
So funny.
>> Besides this one from China, >> what else is going on here? We've got like small subdivisions as well. What the heck is this in China?
>> They just made it up. And the ones from Argentina and Mexico don't even have the center design.
>> Yeah. Yes. You cannot take You have to take everything with a grain of salt.
>> Well, considering the drawing skills of the son of a who did such a funny, >> it's probably better they didn't even try.
>> Oh, did we not even give a date?
>> A subscriber challenged me to guess the exact date of >> Come on, bro. We got to give a date. We got to throw a date around. Is that not See, that's the problem. The encyclopedia is probably super off.
Like, they're still using old historic.
Like, this is definitely Well, I don't know. I mean, Japan was using this flag for a while.
>> These old >> Oh, man. I actually don't know because of the mistakes that could be included, and that's what makes this whole thing really complicated. The Persian flag looks like someone took a school picture. In addition to the Tunisian flag, this might my map likely predates 1880. Maybe potentially that could be right. Uh there there is the Burmese royal peacock flag. So likely before November 1885. Maybe I was picking something a little bit too early or too too late. My bad. But my thing is my biggest thing is I feel like the encyclopedia was referencing way older information than they should have. Like maybe the book was published like 20 years after the fact that some of these flags were changed. But you know, I mean the encyclopedia didn't know the flags changed. And it took so long for that information to get over to them at that time. I mean, we didn't have the internet back in these days. So, it was really difficult to know what the hell was going on on the other side of the world. I mean, I think we can safely say that it is pretty old because of the AustriaHungary. I think AustriaHungary.
So, it's definitely preWorld War I. And yeah, Thailand changes flag in 1917. So, it could be anywhere in the late 1800s to before World War I. That's for sure.
Maybe these aren't subdivisions. Maybe Hawaii is actually still independent. Is that something that we could look into a little bit more? I think we can. I automatically assume the encyclopedia was just talking US states randomly like that. But remember, there's a big difference between when America took Hawaii versus when they actually became a state. So, yeah, this encyclopedia probably is in the 1800s. Besides that, I don't think I'm going to be able to figure it out because we just don't have a map. There's just so many more things details you can look at with a map. Uh cuz we only have flags to look at. And I already mentioned I'm not great at flag history, but uh we Yeah, there's just so many more details we can look at. If I had a map of this world that they were looking at in the late 1800s, we might be able to figure this thing out. Oh, did he actually give a prediction? He does have at the top 1850. I think he just stops because there's too many possible mistakes. And when you only have maps, flags, my bad, to date something. And the flags themselves are wrong. Maybe this this is kind of a futile. It's it's useless. Basically, these videos are all done by Data Espresso English. I really hope he keeps making shorts. They are very great quality, very high quality. And I think he finally figured out his formula to be able to replicate. Dude, this is an unlimited formula. Like, as long as the algorithm continues to serve him and make, you know, get him views and things like that. Like, he can do this basically forever if he figures out, you know, how to do different maps and dating maps and things like that, which maybe he maybe he has. Once again, don't forget to check out makeshift.com for Germany the USA and Russia. They're over at makeshift.com. Use the link in the description down below. If you want all three, you get a nice discount. Big thank you to the patrons. You put your name here if you check the Patreon link in the description.
>> This is not a username. This is a randomly assorted bunch of letters.
>> Never change, Drew.
>> Parenthesis unless you want to. Enberg, Conor Pav, Frederick, Bear Hayes, the goat, scientific soul, Tyro, lock his life, Constantino.
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