Unit 4- Polity தலைப்பு வாரியாக...! Rule of Law...! சட்டத்தின் ஆட்சி...!

Added: 2026-05-30

[00:00:17]Good evening, welcome to Exams Star Tamil. Okay, what are we going to watch in class today? If you are watching, we will watch Polity. Okay, we are watching Polity topic-wise in Unit 4. Okay, we are watching topic-wise. So, what is the topic we are going to look at today? Okay, the rule of law This is just saying that it should be like that. Okay, next, the rule of law is a pillar of the Indian Constitution. Okay, the rule of law is a provision of the Indian Constitution.

[00:01:53]It is said that everyone in independent India is equal before the law.

[00:01:56]It is said that everyone is equal before the law. It says that everyone is equal before the law.

[00:02:04]All laws are equal for every citizen in the Next country.

[00:02:14]It is said that all laws are equal for every citizen in the country. That's what equals are called. Whether it is the President of the Republic or any other high official, he is not above the law. He is not above the law. This is an important question that you can ask about this topic. The question that you have been asked about so far is the rule of law. Who came up with that word? If so, you have been asking about this theory.

[00:02:48]Okay, this rule of law. Who came up with that theory? If you have seen it, the scholar from England, the scholar from England, the scholar from England, the scholar from England, the scholar from England, the scholar from England, the scholar from England, this is this question that you often ask about. Okay, what is the main basis of this? Okay, what are the main principles of this rule of law? Okay, what are the main principles of the rule of law?

[00:03:21]One is the rule of law. One is the rule of law. That is, the ordinary laws or the supreme authority of the country, the government, no one is above the law.

[00:03:37]No one is above the law. So, the same laws should be applied to everyone and justice should be provided. That is what is being said. If you look at the basic tenets of this law, the rule of law, and the rule of law, then everyone is equal before the law.

[00:03:53]That is, the same laws and justice apply to all the people of the country, regardless of caste, religion, ethnicity, wealth, or political status. The same laws and justice apply to all the people of the country.

[00:04:09]Next, if you look at the protection of individual rights, if you look at the protection of individual rights, if you look at the protection of individual rights, individual human rights should be protected through the courts, okay, that's what it says, the rules of this rule of law, okay, let's look at the principles, okay, let's look at the important costs asked about this topic, okay?

[00:04:45]If you know the answer to the first question, please comment, okay? If you know the answer to the first question, please comment. The rule of law in India is the rule of law in India. If you choose Option A, there is a different law for government officials.

[00:05:08]There is a different law for government officials.

[00:05:12]Politicians are outside the law. Politicians are outside the law.

[00:05:20]If you choose Option C, the Prime Minister is above the law. The Prime Minister is above the law, they said. Option D is a path where everyone is equal before the law. Everyone is equal before the law, so to speak. If you look at what the rule of law is in India, the correct answer is option D. Everyone is equal before the law. Everyone is equal before the law.

[00:05:48]RTs who can say this are equal before the law. If you look at the rule that can be said about that, if you look at the 14th rule He would have brought Evie Dicey. The rule of law in India is that everyone is equal before the law. If you look at the RTs that can be said about it, 14 are you okay? One law, one justice, one law, one justice? Who came up with this word?

[00:07:06]A Dicey A Dicey is the one who came up with this word?

[00:07:12]Next Kostin According to the Constitution of India, the word District Judge is not included in what? According to the Constitution of India, the word District Judge is not included in what? According to the Constitution of India, the word District Judge is not included in what? Kostin If you know the answer, comment OK If you know the answer, comment Option A Chief Presidency Magistrate Chief Presidency Magistrate Option B Sessions Judge Option C Sessions Judge Option C Judicial Judge Option D Chief Justice of a small court, they gave that. What did Kostin ask about this?

[00:08:11]According to the Constitution of India, the word District Judge is not included in what? They said that it is not included in what?

[00:08:22]If you see anything that doesn't come out of this, the Chief Presidency Magistrate will come out with a strict procedure. The Chief Presidency Magistrate will arrive. B.

[00:08:30]Sessions Judge, whatever comes next, comes next. Similarly, the Chief Justice of a small cause court will also come. Then this district judge will not be included in the district judge. Then the tribunal judge, the tribunal judge, the tribunal church, the tribunal church, the tribunal church, the tribunal church, the district judge, the district judge, the goods If you look at who makes the appointments to the district court, it's the governor who makes the appointments. The governors are the ones who make the appointments. Okay, so 235 Rts, 235 Rts, 235 Rts, if you look at the lower courts, the lower courts, the lower courts, the Rts 235, then the Rts that can be said about the conference judges, that is, their appointment, job, position, selection, qualification, these 233 Rts can be said about this. This is what the definition of District Judge in Section 236A of the Act says about the definition of District Judge. Who appoints this district judge? The governor appoints them. Okay, the governor is the one who makes the appointments.

[00:11:23]Article 235 If you read the lower courts, the lower courts, the subordinate courts, the subordinate courts, the subordinate courts, then if it does not come, the tribunal judge option will not come. A separate judge will come for this. The judge will come as a judge. The judges will come as an administrative judge. The judge will come as a separate judge.

[00:11:47]Okay.

[00:12:14]What order has been issued by the Supreme Court or the High Court to release a person who is illegally detained in prison or in private custody? What order has been issued? What order has been issued by the Supreme Court or the High Court to release a person who is legally detained in prison or in private custody?

[00:12:37]So, option A is a restraining order. Okay. Okay. Okay. Order of the Supreme Court. Option B is a decree of the Supreme Court.

[00:12:49]Option C is a certificate. Okay. Okay. Secretary.

[00:12:52]That is the option. If you read the administrative order. A writ of mandamus is a writ of mandamus that is issued by the Supreme Court to release a person who has been unlawfully detained in a prison or in private custody.

[00:13:11]If you look at the Supreme Court's book, you will see the option of a writ of mandamus. If a person sees a warrant of mandamus, what will he do? If he does not do anything within 24 hours, he will come to the court and produce it. If he does not do anything within 24 hours, the court will come and produce it. If he does not do anything within 24 hours, he will come to the court and produce it. A writ of mandamus is a writ of mandamus. This is a writ of mandamus. The Supreme Court and the High Courts have been given the power to do it. The Supreme Court and the High Court have been given power. Partner Neethi Perani, what is the use of which RTIs?

[00:13:52]Okay, can we use Article 32 and take it to the Supreme Court? Okay, this case should come and be taken to the Supreme Court. If you look at this in the High Court, what can be done using Article 226?

[00:14:07]This personal appearance in the High Court is a judicial appearance, meaning that a person comes and those related to him come and see him.

[00:14:14]They are required to come to the court within 24 hours and hand over the case to the Supreme Court. Article 32 Article 32 This is the Supreme Court.

[00:14:30]Article 226 Article 226 Next Which section of the Constitution provides a uniform civil law for the citizens of the country?

[00:14:57]Which section of the Constitution provides a uniform civil law for the citizens? Option A Section 42 Option B Section 43 Option B Section 43 Option C Section 44 Option C Section 44 Option D Section 45 Appa Rice Which section provided a uniform civil law for the citizens?

[00:15:34]Provides a uniform civil law. Okay, the law is the same for everyone.

[00:15:39]Okay, the law is the same for everyone.

[00:15:49]Same law for all Section 44 Section 44 What is the answer to Costin?

[00:16:02]Option C Section 44 is the correct answer. Then which section of the Constitution provides a uniform civil law to citizens?

[00:16:12]Section 44 provides a uniform civil law to citizens. Next Who found the support for the social contract theory? Who found the support for the social contract theory? Do you see that all of us, the people, have a contract to live in? An agreement with the principles of an agreement. Our lives, our conditions, and the size of the society are all tied to a contract. Okay, that society is like that.

[00:16:56]Who invented this contract theory? Do you see that Option A is Morgan Option A is Morgan? Option B is Rousseau Option B is Rousseau Option Some are Sunry Maine It is the option of Order Smith Option B is Order Smith Then this Comment with the correct answer for Kostin.

[00:17:21]Who supported the social contract theory? Option B. Option B.

[00:17:24]Rousseau. Option B. Rousseau. What would they have done? They would have come up with that rule for the social contract theory. They would have come up with the rule for the social contract theory. They would have come up with this rule for the social contract theory. They would have done this by putting the social contract in life. Next Kost's doctrine. Okay. The doctrine led to the birth of the socialist government in Russia and China. Okay. Whose doctrine. Okay. Whose doctrine. Justice. Okay. On the basis of justice. Right Lewis Option R Lewis Okay Marx Communism Okay Marx Communism Marx Communism If you look at this, who would have followed it? If you look at the correct answer for this cost, Option C is Kara Mass.

[00:19:15]Then, whether in Russia or in China, whose socialists are they following?

[00:19:22]If you look at this, these socialists of Karl Marx are following it.

[00:19:30]Okay, Karl Mass is following it.

[00:19:34]Now, the egalitarian life, egalitarian life, is like that. The egalitarian life is like that. The egalitarian life is like that. The egalitarian life will be said like that.

[00:19:55]That's what it's called, a life of balance. So who came up with this policy, that is, who came up with this teaching? If so, it was Karen Mars who brought this message from Russia and this socialist government, such a teaching.

[00:20:13]Next Coast Which of the following in our constitution is similar to the British constitution?

[00:20:33]Option A: A solid constitution Option B: Fundamental rights Option C: National principles Option D: Rule of law Rule of law Rule of law.

[00:20:51]Then which section of our constitution is from the British constitution?

[00:21:00]Option D: Rule of law. The correct answer is: Rule of law. If you look at who came up with this theory, it was A.V. Dicey. A.V. Dicey who came up with this theory.

[00:21:14]Then where did the DPSP come from?

[00:21:21]Ireland's fundamental rights came from America and took them from America. Then what is the next stage of our government in the country like the British government system? If you look at Option D, the rule of law. Option D is the rule of law. Next cost like Okewa is the National Judicial Appointments Act. National Judicial Appointments Act. National Judicial Appointments Act.

[00:22:13]When was the National Judicial Appointments Commission enacted?

[00:22:21]When was it introduced?

[00:22:24]National Judicial Appointments Commission Act. 31 December 2014. Next 1 December 2014. Next 2 December 2014. Next 3 December 2014. Then what is the correct answer for this cost? Option A.

[00:22:46]Option A. 31 December 2016. This was brought in. Okay, what was the source of this? Did you see the source of this?

[00:22:59]Did you see the source of this? It was brought in 1993. It was brought in 1993. If you see this, the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Supreme Court, the High Court, the judges The recommendation goes to the law minister, the law minister goes to the law minister, the PM amount comes to the CM, who will give it only after this? The President of the Republic will give his approval. Okay, the President will do what, he will give his approval. Okay, First Collins is an organization that appoints Supreme Court and High Court judges.

[00:24:51]So what will this organization do and recommend? If you look at the Supreme Court, the senior judge is 1 + 4, because if you look at the High Court, there will be 1 + 2.

[00:25:03]Okay, who will these people recommend? The law ministers will come to them and recommend.

[00:25:08]Who will the law ministers tell? The PM will tell them. The PM will come and tell the President. Why is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed? Only after the President gives his approval, what will happen? They will make appointments, they will make ministries, when did this come?

[00:25:26]Okay, the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act, the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act was brought on 31 December 2004. Now this EJ AC has not come. Okay, what did they do with it since 2015? They removed it.

[00:25:48]What did they do with it in 2015? They removed it.

[00:25:54]Okay, okay, I'm already looking at this. Comment on the answer.

[00:26:09]Come and comment. What are the RTIs that can separate the judiciary from the administration? What are the RTIs that can separate the judiciary from the administration? What do you think? If you comment, you will see that there are 50 RTIs, 50 RTIs, that is, there will be law ministers, and there will also be administrators.

[00:26:33]These are the ones who were brought saying that the judiciary should be separated from the administration.

[00:26:39]50 Article RTs 50 Okay, do you understand? 201 came and was removed in 2015. It was removed in 2015.

[00:26:56]Next costin, answer this costin.

[00:27:05]Let's see. Correct Answer: Who said that the Supreme Court of India is more powerful than the Supreme Court of any country in the world? The Supreme Court of India is more powerful than the Supreme Court of any country in the world.

[00:27:25]Who said this? I wonder who said this. Option A is not available. Option A is not available. Option Bila Aksi Mathur Option Sila Aksi Mathur.

[00:27:47]Dr. Rajendra Prasad is a doctor at M Bhaktavasalam Option. Then the Supreme Court of India is the most powerful Supreme Court of any country in the world.

[00:27:58]Why is it so powerful? Who told the judges of the Supreme Court of India? Who is this? Tell me who this is and comment. Tell me who this is and comment.

[00:28:26]Why are the suppos in the Supreme Court now saying that? If so, there is that judge of the Supreme Court. The judge is 65. What are the chances of retirement? What can they do? I mean, it is not that easy to remove a judge. It is not that easy to remove a judge. I mean, it is not that easy to remove a judge from the Supreme Court.

[00:28:53]Because 100 people have to come and approve whatever they do. 100 people have to come and approve it. Lok Sabha Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Whatever the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha do, they have to bring a resolution. If you look at it from the outside, three- member committees will come.

[00:29:17]Three-member committees will come. Three-member committees will come.

[00:29:24]What can they do? They can remove it. The Supreme Court can remove it. What can't they do so quickly? They ca n't remove it. Similarly, how much should the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha bring? A two-thirds majority is needed to bring it about. Whatever you do, 100 people from the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha have to come and give their approval. No matter what 100 people come and do, they have to give their approval. If we want to remove the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, then how many people are there in the number of Supreme Court judges now?

[00:29:59]33 + 1, then a total of 34, okay. 1 + 33, then a total of 34, okay. How will they be selected, that is, how will they be selected? If you have seen that, one by one, people, one by one, people, one by one, case by case, people, one by one, what will they do to be selected?

[00:30:28]Okay. So there are these 34, there are 34 of the Supreme Court, who will appoint this, that is, who will bring it?

[00:30:36]If you have seen that, what is the Parliament doing? What are they doing, what are they doing, what are they doing, what are they doing, what are they doing, what are they doing, what are they doing, who is determining the number? If the number is determined, then the Parliament determines it.

[00:31:00]Next Coast is a country where judges are elected by the legislature. This is an important coast. The judges should pay close attention. I was asked which country came up with such a concept of judges being elected by the legislature. Option A India is absolutely not like us. The appointment of judges is not based on the legislature. Okay, they should have been in the Supreme Court or the High Court for so many years.

[00:31:43]What will we do based on that? We will appoint one of our judges.

[00:31:46]We made a collins. There was no India then. Second One America, okay, Second One America, then America has nothing. Third one is Germany. Neither does Germany. That is, is it okay to elect a judge as the head of a legislative assembly?

[00:32:04]What country did you see that brought it to?

[00:32:11]Option D, Let's come and choose a judge. They would have brought it up saying that they could choose the judge.

[00:32:24]Switzerland Switzerland This is very, very important, okay?

[00:32:29]Next Coast First Law Officer of the Government of India First Law Officer of the Government of India Comment if you know the answer Who was the first law officer of the government of India?

[00:32:46]Who was the first law officer of the Indian government? If you know the answer, please comment.

[00:33:03]Who is the first legal officer of the Indian government? In option A, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Option B Pathinganna is the Attorney General of India.

[00:33:16]Attorney General of India. Option Some Law Minister. Some options are available to the Minister of Law, but none of these options are available to the Minister of Law. None of these are in the options. If you were to ask who was the first legal officer of the Indian government, what would you do if the answer came? The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India should not have put it on. Okay? If you ask me, the first legal officer of the Indian government is the Attorney General of India. O'Kengel is the Attorney General of India. Option B is the correct answer. Option B is the correct answer. This is the article that can be said about the Attorney General. The article that can be said about the Attorney General.

[00:33:55]If you read 76 76 OK, the articles that can be said about the Attorney General of India. If you read 76, this is the Attorney General of the state. OK, the Attorney General of the state. The Attorney General of the state. The Attorney General of the state. State government. What are the articles that can be said about him? State Comment. Comment by saying what are the articles that can be said about the state. 165 165 OK, the articles that can be said about the Attorney General of the state. The Attorney General of the state government. Next Writ of Mandamus Writ of Mandamus What is this and what is it?

[00:35:02]If you have seen what a Writ of Mandamus is, then you will create one. Writ of Mandamus creates one. This is the command if you look at option B.

[00:35:11]The command if you look at option B dies. If you look at option C, by whose authority, okay, by whose authority, this is what is done by sanding the records. If you look at option D, by sanding the records, then what is a writ of mandamus for this cost? If you look at option B, issuing an order. If you look at option B, issuing an order, okay, that is, when a government official is not doing his job, okay, what can he do using this mandamus? If a government official comes and does not do his job correctly, then a writ of mandamus is issued to tell him to do his job. So, whose authority is that? If a government official comes and does not do his job correctly, then under whose authority, you, as a government official, come and sit down and say that, what can you do? If so, whose authority is this? Okay, beyond that. Certifying records Certifying records So now there is a court, then there are two or three courts below it, then all those cases, hearings, and judgments that can be held in these two or three courts, what will that document do, what will that court above come and submit?

[00:36:43]What can I do with the one who is on top? Submit. That's what they say about the records. So what is a writ of mans? Giving orders. A writ of mandamus is a writ that can be issued to a government official to order him to do his job correctly, or to do whatever he wants, and to do it correctly.

[00:37:11]Next Coast Next Coast DASH approval is required for detention for more than three months. Okay, for detention for three months. Okay, for detention for more than three months. Okay, for detention for more than three months.

[00:37:53]DASH approval is required. That is what the Chief Justice of the High Court has given. That approval is required. Next, the lawyer needs his approval. The Attorney General needs his approval. Next, an advisory committee needs their authority. Now, what is the cost? They have been in detention for three months. Okay, so the detention is okay.

[00:38:26]How many RTs can talk about this?

[00:38:29]22 RTs are the only ones who can talk about this. This has been going on for three months and their big talk is that their security has come.

[00:38:43]So, okay, CJI, okay, CJI, what advice should the Chief Justice of the High Court come and give?

[00:38:57]Advice should come and give? The Chief Justice of the High Court has not come.

[00:39:02]What was asked here after three months of remand? Let's ask for more than three months.

[00:39:09]Then what is a bao or 4 or CO? Whose advice is needed? An advisory committee, an advisory committee, this is what they need. Because an advisory committee is what they need. Then, who needs approval for being kept in remand for more than three months?

[00:39:31]An advisory committee also needs approval.

[00:39:34]For three months, the CJ will consult with the Supreme Court or the High Court. When this goes beyond three months, six months, five months, six months, an advisory committee is needed, their approval is needed and this detention is required in a strict manner.

[00:39:51]What is the law that can say about this? 22 RTIs 22 Next Coast Mr. Goyalko Mr. Goyalko is the case related to the state of Tamil Nadu. Mr. Goyalko Goyalko his case is related to Tamil Nadu. It was given that it was related to Tamil Nadu. The action taken by the Speaker under Article 105 of the Constitution is a judicial review.

[00:40:37]Furthermore, the judicial review of the Ninth Schedule laws.

[00:40:42]Judicial review of the Ninth Schedule laws.

[00:40:45]Next is the judicial review of Article 226 of the Constitution. Okay, if you came and saw this, is it the High Court? 226 This is the judicial review of Article 356 of the Constitution. So, when this Coimbatore case came up, you saw that it was related to Tamil Nadu.

[00:41:06]Option B. Option B.

[00:41:10]Judicial review of the Ninth Schedule laws. Judicial review of the Ninth Schedule laws.

[00:41:15]Option B. is the correct answer.

[00:41:19]Option B is the correct answer.

[00:41:35]If you see the next cost, which is 356 356, what case is it?

[00:41:39]Toy case Toy case 199 Toy case Toy case Toy case 356 Oda carried. Then this IR Goyalko came and saw the case, it was brought under the Ninth Schedule Acts. Next cost.

[00:42:20]Which order is issued by the Supreme Court or a High Court to a lower court to stay the trial of a particular case? It has been issued that only one Supreme Court, High Court, and lower courts have been issued.

[00:42:33]Okay, which of these will not come? There will be an order. Okay, there will be an order. This will not come either. This will not come either. If you ask the Supreme Court as a high court, then one will get a certificate, another a restraining order, another a censure, that is what will come.

[00:42:55]What is the correct answer for this cost? Do you see that the restraining order is a restraining order?

[00:43:00]Now there is a court that is subordinate to that court. If a case is going to be heard in the jurisdiction of that court, then that case is blocked. Okay, now there is the Supreme Court. Let's say that there is a High Court below it, and there are subordinate courts below it. If a case that could be heard here comes to this court and is heard in this court, what will happen if that case comes? We have to prevent that case from coming.

[00:43:27]If you see this as the evidence, even if that case happens, you should destroy the evidence as it is invalid. Even if a case is filed in that court, that case should be dismissed as invalid. That's it. So, what is the correct answer to this question?

[00:43:44]Is the writ of injunction a writ of revocation? Is the writ of prohibition okay? Restraining order Restraining order.

[00:43:54]Okay, are you okay in class today?

[00:44:04]We looked at what the rule of law is and some of the important costs it can entail in life.

[00:44:07]We looked at the important costs. What are we going to watch in class tomorrow?

[00:44:11]What are we going to watch in Polity Unit 4?

[00:44:13]Lokpal and Lok Ayudhya.

[00:44:16]Lokpal and Lok Ayudhya are not corruption stories. Let's watch Lokpal and Lok Ayudhya in class tomorrow.

[00:44:23]Okay, thank you.