When galaxies come within 16,000 light years of each other, gravitational forces can rip stars, gas, and dust from both galaxies, with the larger galaxy typically retaining most of the material while the smaller galaxy loses more material into the space between them, as demonstrated by NGC 4438 and NGC 4435 (nicknamed 'The Eyes') in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, which are 50 million light years away.
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Deep Dive
Two Galaxies That Got Too Close to Each OtherAdded:
These two [music] galaxies got within 16,000 light years of each other and it shows.
This is NGC 4438 and NGC 4435 [music] nicknamed The Eyes, part of Markarian's Chain in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster, >> [music] >> about 50 million light years away.
They look calm at this distance, but gravity told a different [music] story.
Their close encounter ripped stars, gas, and dust from both galaxies. The larger NGC 4438 [music] held on to most of the wreckage. The smaller NGC 4435 wasn't so [music] lucky, losing material into the void between them.
What you're seeing is the slow-motion aftermath [music] of a cosmic collision spanning hundreds of millions of years.
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