The Lawsuit that accidentally Ruined Capitalism: Ford vs. Dodge

Added: 2026-05-18

[00:00:00]Okay, here's the deal. If you hate your job, chances are it's not just because you have a bad boss or long commute.

[00:00:06]It's probably because you drive a Dodge.

[00:00:08]>> Men that drive Dodge trucks don't go back to jail.

[00:00:10]>> Anyway, the real reason why you might hate your job is because every time you try to do it with any sense of quality or pride, you realize that none of those things actually matter. Instead, all they care about is money.

[00:00:22]>> IT'S ALL ABOUT MONEY, BOYS.

[00:00:24]>> DON'T GET IT, BIG DAN.

[00:00:26]WELL, IF YOU'VE EVER HAD THIS FEELING, let me tell you a little story about the time John and Horus Dodge of the Dodge brothers motor vehicle company sued Henry Ford and unintentionally ruined capitalism. I'm Jake the lawyer and welcome back to Internet Esquire.

[00:00:43]Okay, obviously what I just said is a bit of a stretch. They didn't ruin capitalism. However, during the case of Ford versus Dodge, they sued Henry Ford because they believed that the Ford Motor Company, to which the Dodge brothers owned 10%, was not paying out enough profit to shareholders. And why did they feel this way? Well, the Dodge brothers were using their profits from Ford to build their own car company. So, when Ford stopped paying dividends to, you know, not directly finance a new competitor, the Dodge brothers sued, arguing that Ford had an obligation to pay them rather than to use the profits to build a new factory. And in a headscratching decision, the Michigan Supreme Court agreed with them despite the fact that the Dodge brothers were already receiving a lower dividend payout from Ford and despite the fact that there was nothing in Michigan corporate law and nothing in the Ford operating agreement, which would have required a higher dividend payout. No, sir. Instead, the Michigan Supreme Court made up a rule that would eventually become known as shareholder primacy or shareholder wealth maximization, which says that instead of a company first considering how they might benefit society by providing and creating a useful product that people actually want with profits coming as a result of that.

[00:01:59]Companies were expected to put profitm as the primary function of the business.

[00:02:05]managers, the CEO have a they have a fiduciary duty to their shareholders to be concerned only with the bottom line.

[00:02:12]>> And while it's pretty clear in Ford versus Dodge that the Michigan court didn't write out shareholder primacy like Moses coming down from Mount Cyani, what the case did do is plant the seed of shareholder primacy into American corporate law forever going forward. And the tale of what led to the case, the bizarre rationale of the court, and how it might be affecting you right now if you're watching this at work, is one of the most fascinating tales in all of American capitalism. Allow me to explain.

[00:02:42]All right, first things first. Profits, yes, are incredibly important to any business. Any normal person can see that. But healthy profits should mean, if a business is run right, that consumers get better quality products with less cost over time. Workers have higher wages with new opportunities.

[00:03:00]Shareholders and owners get a better return on their investment. And overall, society benefits. This is ideal capitalism. And perhaps there was no better person who exemplified this more in early 20th century America than the man of Henry Ford. But before he was the American icon that invented the moving assembly line and the first capitalist to pay his workers $5 a day, Ford had gone through two failed car companies before he actually hit success. And from his point of view, both failures taught him a valuable lesson. Investors are important but impatient. And a good design is a work of art that takes time.

[00:03:35]Beginning in 1896, Ford created his first big invention, the Quadricycle, which was a gasoline-powered automobile made mostly out of salvaged parts and bicycle tires. And while the quadricycle only had a twocylinder engine and a top speed of 20 mph, it attracted a lot of attention in the Detroit area at the time because it demonstrated Ford's engineering genius. And this attention eventually attracted investors to back what would become known as the Detroit Automobile Company in 1899 where Ford was made superintendent and given a factory to pursue a more competent and marketable design. However, almost from the start, conflicts arose. While Ford had technical control over the design process, he was constantly experimenting, redesigning, and solving engineering problems before any actual car was ever brought to market.

[00:04:24]Obviously, having a car company without actually bringing a car into production made the investors who had ultimate business and financial control over the company lose patience with Ford. They wanted a design that could actually be sold despite the technical shortcomings.

[00:04:39]So, after producing just 20 actual cars in under two short years, the investors eventually lost confidence with Ford and dissolved the company in January of 1901. But unwilling to give up his dream of creating a great American car company, Ford tried again in November of 1901, this time with the Henry Ford Company. And while this time he was made chief engineer and given actual stock ownership within the company, the same fight would eventually come back to bite him. First and foremost, Ford began producing race cars because he believed that that would be the perfect way to show off their engineering quality while also garnering free publicity for the new company. However, again, investors wanted him to produce a design that they could actually bring to market rather than one that would simply garner attention. Also, it probably didn't help that Ford was racing the cars himself.

[00:05:29]Well, obviously, this came to a head once again. So, in 1902, the board of the Henry Ford company hired a renowned Detroit consultant and engineer by the name of Henry Leland to come in and inspect Ford's progress. and finding very little progress made, Leland reported this back to the board. But Ford took it as directorial interference and walked away from the company entirely. So again, Ford believed that he had been shoved out of yet another company because the investors in the company wanted quick profits, control, and commercial certainty. And investors on the other hand believed that Ford was yes an engineering genius but also impossible to work with. Tinkering, delaying and always chasing the next machine before he actually ever delivered on the first one. Anyway, these two experiences left Ford with a bitter taste in his mouth when it came to investors. Not necessarily every investor, but the type of investor who wanted to put making more money as the first and foremost function of the company rather than as a manufacturing enterprise for making a useful product.

[00:06:37]So in 1903, the Ford Motor Company was started in a converted factory with $28,000, almost 1 million today, given from 12 different investors. Round number three, and this time two of the investors were John and Horus Dodge, who collectively owned 10% of the new company, making them the second largest shareholders behind only Ford himself.

[00:07:00]And why did they own so much? Well, the answer is pretty simple. The Dodge brothers were incredibly good machinists, renowned for their quality around much of Detroit. You see, before they started making cars, they owned one of the largest machine shops in the Detroit area. And even by 1902, they were already making things like engines, transmissions, and axles for companies like Oldmobile. Because of this, Ford sought them out, and their initial investment in the company was $10,000, $3,000 in cash, and another $7,000 in parts. From there, they became the most important supplier that Ford had. And at the beginning, Ford and Dodge, well, they worked really well together. And by the time Ford got around to this third attempt at automaking, it appears he had learned a little bit about the balance of entrepreneurship and design. Yes, he was still experimenting with new car designs. And the company made something like eight designs in the first 5 years, which is pretty wild. But they also actually produced a lot of cars for sale, which is crazy. It's almost like because Ford was the largest shareholder in the new company and he had learned from two prior failures, he knew that actually providing a car to the market was important, something that the investors had been telling him the entire time. It was almost like now that it was his own money, it mattered.

[00:08:19]Anyway, while it wasn't much in the first few years, Ford did produce something like a few hundred or even a few thousand cars per year, which honestly is a dramatic improvement over the 20 cars produced with the Detroit Automotive Company just 2 years earlier.

[00:08:34]And one of the ways that Ford was able to do this while maintaining a quality that satisfied his engineering tism was by having suppliers like Dodge provide a majority of the parts. So Ford had the vision and the design, and Dodge had their own shop, the parts, and the manufacturing competence to pull it all off. And for the first 5 years, everything pretty much just hummed along. They were making new cars. Things were going well. They were selling cars.

[00:09:01]They were making a little bit of money.

[00:09:02]And then came the Model T. The Model T was still assembled by hand with groups of two to three men. And in the first month, Ford sold about 11 for a price of around $850.

[00:09:14]But demand for the new Model T almost immediately outran production capacity.

[00:09:19]So much so that in 1910, Ford established the new Highland Park plant so that he could perfect the process of building that design and offering that car to the market. And while the increase in demand alongside the new factory did wonders for the value of the Dodge brothers investment into Ford, their days as Ford's official parts supplier were ultimately numbered.

[00:09:40]Obsessed with quality innovation and the way to build the Model T with ever more efficiency, by 1913, Ford did something that he would become known for today in the history books. He invented the moving assembly line. At first, the moving assembly line began with small components like magnetos. But once they got it going, they began moving to larger and larger components like the transmission, the motor, and finally the chassis of the entire vehicle. And this is what actually revolutionized the auto industry forever. A chassis that used to take 12 hours to put together beforehand could now be assembled in 90 minutes using the moving assembly line. And the faster Ford could produce the Model T, the cheaper he could sell it. And the cheaper he could sell it, the more people would buy it. And this is exactly what happened. By 1915, Ford was producing more automobiles than any other automaker in the world combined.

[00:10:35]In fact, Ford was so dominant in the production of the Model T that it forced other car manufacturers to move from luxury small batch manufacturing toward mass production with extreme cost cutting just to survive in the industry.

[00:10:49]And because of this, the total number of US car manufacturers peaked during this time with around 250 in 1908, which then consolidated down to about 45 just 20 years later. By 1921, Ford produced half of all the automobiles in the US. And by 1926, half of all the cars on the road were Ford Model T's. And from this dominance, Ford got other ideas, including the idea to innovate production of the Model T by way of vertical integration. You see, if Ford could produce all of the parts that he needed for the Model T locally at the Ford plant, he wouldn't need to go out and purchase parts from other suppliers like Dodge. And the more he made parts in house, the more he could increase the speed, quality, and consistency of the cars, all while reducing the price of the final product along the way. And to his credit, this worked brilliantly. The Model T in 1908 was around $850.

[00:11:46]And by 1925, the price had been reduced to around $300, and it was being made with better quality and more consistency.

[00:11:56]Well, I think you can see where this goes. By July of 1914, Ford was no longer using Dodge parts in any of the Model T's or any other car for that matter. But the Dodge brothers were no dummies. They knew exactly what they were doing. As soon as they split ties with Ford, they created the Dodge Brothers Motor Vehicle Company. And in fact, by November of 1914, just a few months later, they rolled their first production car off the lot, the Dodge Model 3035. They were now Ford's competitors. this makes you my competitor.

[00:12:27]>> But it didn't stop there. Remember, they still owned 10% of the Ford Motor Company, a company which by 1915 was massively successful and profitable. And just how successful is pretty mind-blowing. According to the Michigan Supreme Court Records, between 1911 and 1915, Ford paid something like $41 million to its shareholders in special dividends, of which the Dodge brothers received 10%. But the profits didn't stop there. They also received regular dividends, which amounted to around another 600,000 per year in money back then that they were also receiving on top of the special dividends. So between 1911 and 1915, it appears that the Dodge brothers grossed something around $4.7 million off of their original investment of $10,000, only 3,000 of which actually happened in cash. To put that in perspective, that would be like investing $380,000 today and just 12 years later having it be worth $150 million. And you know what? Good for them. This is ideal capitalism. They took a huge risk on a guy that had two failed car companies right before this one. In exchange for that risk, they took 10% ownership and they became the critical parts supplier. And it's fair to say that the Ford Motor Company would not have existed without the Dodge brothers. But like I said, these guys weren't dumb. They weren't just going to sit on the sidelines as Ford's parts supplier guys. No, they took the profits from the dividends they were receiving as well as the profit from their actual manufacturing company and they created the Dodge brothers motor vehicle company. And while there was nothing inherently wrong with them using their Ford profits to finance their new company, I mean, they had every right to do so. Obviously, from Henry Ford's perspective, he wasn't super excited about using company special dividends to directly finance new competitors. A fact which the Dodge brothers did not attempt to hide. Outside of the Dodge brothers using their dividends to create a new car company, Henry Ford had one other problem at the time. You see, before the assembly line, building cars had a fair amount of craftsmanship to it. Workers moved around the car. They worked in small social groups. They used judgment.

[00:14:46]and they had a general sense of what they were building because they could see it coming together before their own eyes. But once the moving assembly line opened, the entire job changed almost overnight. Now they stood in one spot, isolated from other people doing one task all day long, day in, day out, week over week, year over year, over and over and over again, >> again and again and again. So, the assembly line fixed one problem, the production problem, but it created another, the labor problem.

[00:15:21]By late 1913, just a few short months after the assembly line was introduced, Ford's turnover rate skyrocketed to something around 350% or higher. In practical terms, this meant that Ford would have to replace its entire manufacturing workforce, at least by sheer volume, more than three times per year. So to fix this problem, Ford did the second thing he would be remembered by in the history books today. He began paying workers $5 a day.

[00:15:49]Now, is that a lot? Is that a little bit more than normal? Well, it was more than double what the workforce was getting prior to that for a 9-hour workday. And for reference, when measured against relative labor earnings rather than just inflation, $5 a day for a manufacturing job in 1914 would be like earning $600 a day for that same job today. And he also cut the workday down from 9 hours to 8 hours. But it was not charity. In realizing that the assembly line was going to be boring, repetitive, and mind-numbing, Ford offered his workforce a choice. Yes, the job sucks, sure, but you're gonna hate leaving it even more.

[00:16:28]And to his credit, this worked incredibly well. Crowds of thousands showed up outside the Highland Park plant when the $5 announcement was made.

[00:16:36]And it was rumored that some even started rioting, jockeying for position just to try to get one of the jobs. So suddenly, a job that used to make people quit was now making men line up in droves down the block and around the corner just to try to get one of the positions. and turnover rates dropped from 350% or higher to around 20% just 18 months later. I bring all this up to say that the philosophy of paying an incredibly high wage, well, yes, it wasn't for charity also wasn't entirely for greed or profit either. You see, Ford had a deeper social vision for his company and his employees. And it is directly as a result of this social philosophy that the Michigan Supreme Court ruled against him in Ford versus Dodge. Now, consider this. You might look at the $5 a day thing and think, "Wow, that's pretty incredible." And to his credit, it was. But Ford's vision for his company and his employees wasn't just to reduce turnover and pay workers a little bit more. No, instead Ford wanted a stable, disciplined, Americanized workforce that could survive the assembly lines and be willing to buy into his system and maybe perhaps even buy one of his cars, which many of them did. But the $5 a day wasn't just a simple wage raise with no questions asked. To receive the full benefit, a worker had to satisfy that they were living the right kind of lifestyle as determined by the Ford Sociological Department. Yes, you heard that right. Ford had what was called the sociological department. And it was sort of like a moral audit bureau for Ford employees. So a person couldn't just work for Ford. They had to be the right kind of person.

[00:18:18]>> I would pay top dollar for the right.

[00:18:22]>> And while this is pretty shocking to us today in our morally bankrupt laws, afair society, I think Ford gets overly criticized for this because it represents forced adherence to a kind of social status quo. And to be frank, no doubt Ford was definitely a bit of an odd guy. And the practice of having a sociological department to check in on your employees is definitely unorthodox.

[00:18:43]But it wasn't like he held anyone at gunpoint and made them walk into his factory or stand in lines by the thousands just to try to get a job there. And it wasn't as if he had some state control over how all the people in Detroit or in the state of Michigan lived. You chose to work for him. and whether you chose to work for him or not was your choice. And because I can already hear in the comments that Ford plant workers were helpless immigrants who had no control over their circumstances and were forced to work for Ford, I'll just give you a personal anecdote. My great-grandparents were iron ore miners in Minnesota who actually pulled the ore out of the rocks that would eventually become real deal Henry Ford steel. They came as immigrants from southeastern Europe, as many did at the time. They did the job.

[00:19:26]They earned the money. They assimilated into America. And they got the hell out of the industry. And no doubt Ford had heard this exact same story over a thousand times because 70% of his entire workforce were foreign born, many of whom didn't speak a lick of English. So yes, he took it upon himself to Americanize them. And he did this in many ways. And while some people choose to call this patronizing or an insult to immigrant cultures, I'll just give you a cold hard fact. It wasn't Henry Ford who was moving to a completely different country with a completely different culture because somebody else invented the moving assembly line and was paying workers $5 a day. No, that happened here in America. And it was for that purpose and the purpose of pursuing the American dream that those immigrants came over and decided and chose to work in those factories by the thousands. So yes, checking in on employee spending habits, whether their children are attending school regularly, and whether they are living a clean, sober lifestyle by visiting their homes is a bit overbearing. But also in context, peasants from backwater Europe who were trying to escape World War I weren't just going to come over here and all of a sudden just wake up as Americanized because they decided to walk in a factory and start slapping parts together on an assembly line. Ford saw it as his responsibility to Americanize them and thereby it was also the Ford Motor Company's responsibility to do the same. And even if you don't buy all of that and the social virtues of Americanizing foreignb born people who are now working in your factories, more practically speaking, Ford was simply protecting his investment. So while his efforts may not have been entirely philanthropic, he just made it work with what he had. Anyway, that just burns my biscuits a little bit. It's not me defending Henry Ford anymore than the next person. It's just like, guys, you're not considering the circumstances at the time. Also, is our modern culture of pure hedonism somehow morally superior to what they had back then?

[00:21:26]Hell no. Either way, regardless of how you look at Ford, he believed that the company had a deeper responsibility to both the employees and to culture than simply just making as much money as possible, which was soon about to come to a head with the Dodge brothers.

[00:21:41]Remember how the Dodge brothers were taking their dividend profits and using them to start a rival car company? Well, yes. By 1915, Dodge was one of the top selling car companies in America, and their marketing worked really well. They positioned Dodge as more powerful, sturdier, and more refined than the Model T. Yes, it was more expensive, but also it was for people who wanted something more than just the barebones Ford. So seeing Dodge do this with their profits while also seeing the massive demand for his own cars. In 1916, Henry Ford decided that he would reinvest the profits of the company rather than paying them out as special dividends.

[00:22:18]And the reinvestment plan that Ford came up with was the largest manufacturing plant that had ever existed in the world up to that point, the Ford River Rouge Complex. 2,000 acres, a little over 3 square miles with 93 buildings and over 16 million square ft of covered factory floor space capable of employing over 100,000 people. The River Rouge complex would have its own docks, over 100 m of interior railroad, its own electrical plant, an integrated steel mill, and the complete vertical integration of everything necessary to make Ford cars.

[00:22:58]Once completed, the plant would have the astounding capability of taking raw materials and turning them into running automobiles, all without any of that material ever leaving the 3m footprint.

[00:23:10]Well, obviously this was going to cost a ton of money. So, in 1916, with over $60 million of accumulated cash reserves, Ford discontinued the special dividends.

[00:23:21]And unsurprisingly, the Dodge brothers sued demanding that Ford pay them. And three years later in 1919, the case landed before the Michigan Supreme Court where they officially ruled as follows.

[00:23:34]A business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The power of the directors are to be employed for that end. The discretion of the directors is to be exercised in the choice of men to attain that end and does not extend to a change in the end itself to the reduction of profits or to the nondistribution of profits among stockholders in order to devote them to other purposes. They ordered Ford to make a special dividend payment of $20 million of that $60 million he had directly to the shareholders. And why?

[00:24:12]because they decided that the primary responsibility of a company is to make money for the shareholders. I've been digging through the text of this decision. And before I go any further, let me just ask you a basic question because this is this is what's mindboggling. Did the Ford River Rouge complex sound to you like a social works program? Or did it sound more like Ford expanding his auto empire to sell still more cars, employ more people, and make even more money for the company? Cuz it kind of sounds like that. It kind of sounds like that more than a social works program. So, I want you to hold that context in your head for now while we examine how the court got to their ruling. Because surely if this was their ruling that a business is primarily carried on, as in first and foremost carried on for the profit of the stockholders, then it must be based on some prior law or at least some case law, right?

[00:25:13]No. No, it wasn't. In fact, the Michigan Supreme Court explicitly made it a point to review a bunch of prior law while getting to the decision that they made to sort of reassure whoever would be reading it afterwards that they understood that courts weren't supposed to make decisions like they were making.

[00:25:33]But then it swept all that aside and made a decision anyway. Here's what happened. First, they reviewed the Michigan corporate statutes and found nothing about what Ford was doing disqualified him from withholding dividends. In English, this means that there was nothing which came from the Michigan State Legislature, which would have required Ford to make a dividend payment to the Dodge brothers and the other shareholders. Okay. Uh, well, that's weird. There's nothing in the actual law about it. I guess that's strike one. What about in the Ford operating charter? Was there anything in the Ford agreement between the stockholders and the owners about how the company was supposed to be run?

[00:26:09]Well, they examined that too alongside existing business law interpretations of the day. And here's what they found.

[00:26:15]Profits earned by a corporation may be divided among its shareholders, but it is not a violation of the charter if they are allowed to accumulate and remain invested in the company's business. Okay. Um, strike two, I guess.

[00:26:28]So the court then examined situations where a court might be justified in forcing a company to pay dividends under the existing business law of the day.

[00:26:41]And here's what they found there. When the directors have refused to declare a dividend, there will be no interference by the court with their decision unless they are guilty of willful abuse or of bad faith or of a neglect of duty. Okay, I'm I'm I'm not getting it. And if you're not either, don't worry. Nobody is. So after examining business law, Michigan corporate statutes, and the Ford charter itself, they couldn't find anything that would have forced Ford to pay a dividend. So they then turned and examined case law. Yes, that's what we'll do. We'll examine case law.

[00:27:15]There's got to be something in case law where somebody was forced to pay, right?

[00:27:19]In cases where the power of the director of a corporation is without limitation, they are at liberty to exercise a very liberal discretion as to what disposition shall be made of the gains of the business. Their power over them is absolute as long as they act in the exercise of their honest judgment.

[00:27:41]Okay. So, what did they base their logic off of? Because it's kind of starting to feel like they just legislated from the bench. Prior to the trial, in defense of his decision to withhold dividends, Henry Ford publicly said this. My ambition is to employ still more men to spread the benefits of this industrial system to the greatest possible number to help them build up their lives and their homes. And to do this, we are putting the greatest share of profits back into the business. And it was from this and from a similar sentiment that Ford laid out during questioning in the original trial that the court decided this and I'm I'm paraphrasing a little bit. Mr. Ford's testimony creates the impression that he thinks the company has made too much money and that although large profits might still be earned, sharing them with the public by reducing the price of the automobile ought to be undertaken. We have no doubt that these sentiments had a large influence on the policy not to pay dividends. But there is an obvious difference between an expense of company funds for the benefit of employees, such as building a hospital, and the general plan to benefit mankind at the expense of others. And there it is right there.

[00:28:50]That's what their logic turned on. and they viewed his decision to build the River Rouge complex and withhold the dividends as somehow changing the ends to which the corporation was designed rather than simply changing the means by which it achieved its ends, which is insane. Remember how I said they looked at the Ford Charter? Yeah, they specifically looked at the Ford Charter and they quoted it in the case. And here's what the Ford Charter says about why the Ford Motor Company exists. The purpose of this corporation is as follows. To purchase, manufacture, and place on the market for sale automobiles and other motors and devices incidental to their construction and operation. It doesn't say to make money for shareholders. And while it's true, this is implied in the generalist sense when you're talking about a corporation. Ford was taking profit to build a facility to make and sell more automobiles, which in effect would eventually create more profit for the company, which in effect would eventually find its way back to the shareholders. I still don't know how the court legally and logically arrived at this decision other than to say they knew that Ford could do this and still have enough money to build the factory and forced them to pay $20 million of the 60 million cash reserves to the Dodge brothers and the rest of the stockholders. That's what actually happened in practice. And they also knew or they at least had an idea that if he did this without paying dividends then he would truly have a monopoly on the car market. That's the only logical explanation I can think of of how they got here.

[00:30:32]All right. Regardless of how you feel about Ford Motor Company and Henry Ford, I mean, they're just some billiondoll company with a billionaire who made cars way back in the day, right? Like, who really cares? You see, the long-term problem wasn't that the court made Ford pay the dividend. Who cares about that?

[00:30:47]The point is that from this ruling, the court established new precedent built almost entirely off of no legal basis and then never overruled it later down the line. And the effect of this was far greater than the effect that it had on Henry Ford or the Dodge brothers. You see, this single ruling and the single line within it that says a business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders has been quoted more times in the history of business law, courouses, and academia where they actually teach people how to think about governing corporations more so than probably any other business law case ever. And over time, this idea developed into the idea of shareholder primacy, otherwise known as shareholder wealth maximization. To the point where it is now just accepted practice that whoever runs a corporation today must think about the profit of the shareholders as the first and foremost primary function for which the company is designed. After all, isn't that why we call them for-profit companies today? Anyway, if that doesn't burn your old biscuits, I don't know what quite will. But I'll just leave you with this. If you're currently at your job and you hate it, just know that one of the reasons for that in minor part might be because over 100 years ago, the Michigan Supreme Court arbitrarily decided the concept of shareholder privacy. But no, I'm not going to leave you with that. Come on.

[00:32:24]Also know this. Here's let's look at the silver lining. Henry Ford headed two separate companies that failed before he succeeded. The Dodge brothers grew up helping their father restore boat engines before they created one of the most successful machine shops in all of Detroit, which then became one of the most successful car companies of all time. Regardless of how they felt about Henry Ford or how he felt about them, the point is that both parties took what they had and embraced the work to get to where they wanted to be. So, while it's true that sometimes you got to embrace the suck to get to where you want to be, nothing worth doing in life is really all that easy. But then again, that's not why we do it, is it? Okay, that's it. That's your dad advice for the day.

[00:33:11]That's all you're getting. Consider subscribing if you've watched more than one of these videos, or leave a comment below on other video topics you'd like to see me do. Thank you for watching all the way to the end of this video. I truly hope you have a wonderful day, and I will see you on the next one. Bye.