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[00:00:00]They ask questions in the mains and also in the prelims.

[00:00:07]What is the subject of the literature, etc., etc. There will be discussions about the main literature of the entire Sultanate and the entire Mughal period. There will be discussions about his subject. At what time did the foreign travellers who came to India leave behind? In whose time did you come? What do you have to do with all these things that make sense from the examination point of view? Will get it written. Isn't it? What are the things in a book on a subject? Which one is it? How many volumes is it in? Sometimes someone asks, like once I asked, what things are there in which volume of Banabhatta's Harsha Charitra? You are asking about prelims, right? So ask like this in Medieval also, yes son, they ask like this in Medieval also. Isn't it? So all those things will be discussed. What do you want to do?

[00:01:04]Keep understanding, keep writing and what should he do after going there? Revise so that you can remember. Isn't it?

[00:01:12]Be it ancient or medieval sources, one or two questions definitely come in the prelims. They are often asked. Isn't it?

[00:01:20]So even if you read the Ancient Age, you will read it with focus on all the literature and if you read the Marbles, whether it is Sultanate or Mughal, then also you are more focused on the cultural achievements, so today we will start with this literature, yes sir, the first book which we will discuss is Chanchnama Sach Naam, from this we get the history of Sindh. About Sindh in Arabic language. Write this in Arabic language.

[00:03:54]It gives a brief account.

[00:03:58]It gives a brief account of the Shudra dynasty.

[00:04:13]Shudra Dynasty of Sindh From this we come to know about the Shudra dynasty that ruled Sindh.

[00:05:04]On the death of whose last ruler Rai Sahasi II the throne was used by the Brahmin minister named in- charge. The son of Shiladitya was whose son?

[00:06:16]Shiladitya whose last ruler, after the death of Rai Sahasi II, his last ruler, after the death of Rai Sahasi II, his Brahmin minister, Chacha, usurped power.

[00:07:31]Chacha Married Suban Devi The Video of Rai Sahasi Second Chacha married the widow wife of Rai Sahasi.

[00:08:01]Hello, who is the writer of this churchnama written in Arabic language? This is unknown. Do n't know.

[00:08:41]But who is in charge of this?

[00:08:45]Charan, who was a Brahmin minister of Raj Sahasi, the last ruler of the Shudra dynasty, became the ruler himself after his death. And what did he do to strengthen his power or his position? He married the widowed queen Subhan Devi and subsequently became the ruler of Sindh.

[00:09:25]Correct. So now we know one thing. Who is getting information about whom and where?

[00:09:37]We also learn that Sindh was ruled by the Shudra dynasty who were followers of Buddhism. Was a Buddhist.

[00:09:51]What were these? Was a Buddhist.

[00:09:58]Yes son, come, come, come, come, in many places of Sindh, the heads of those local places, all of them were Buddhists, followers of Buddhism, that means before the arrival of Islam, the bordering region of India, Sindh, Afghanistan, there were a good number of followers of Buddhism here. Buddhism was in good condition.

[00:10:38]So please remove this thought from your mind which is being discussed in the political sphere that what happened to the Shudras since the beginning? There was exploitation. That's it. You know what happened from the beginning, right? What did the society do to those who were capable?

[00:10:57]Accepted it. If we go back to ancient times, what was Nanda? There was a Buddha dynasty. The dynasty that ruled in Sindh, even in Afghanistan, was Sindh. He was also a Shudra and a follower of Buddhism.

[00:11:18]So the first thing that comes out of this is the Shudra dinosaurs of Sindh.

[00:11:25]What is its source? This is the Churchnama.

[00:11:29]What is the charge now? He is a Brahmin. So what was the dynasty that Shudras had? There was a Brahmin dynasty. And he was the successor of this charge.

[00:11:47]Dahir who faced whom?

[00:11:53]Qasim to Muhammad bin Qasim to Rawar Battle of Rawar in 171 AD between Muhammad bin Qasim and Dahir Dahir was defeated and what was the name of the battle? It was called Battle of or Oblique and it means where is the invasion of Islam happening first in India? It is happening in Sindh. How do we know?

[00:13:22]From Chanchanama.

[00:13:26]Yesterday we discussed with you about the Caliphs. There were mainly three dynasties of the Caliphate. Which ones did you tell me?

[00:13:43]Which ones did you tell me? Yesterday, three dynasties of the Caliphate ruled.

[00:13:51]What were the first four caliphs? Rashidun Caliphate.

[00:13:55]Then the Umayyad Caliphate.

[00:13:59]and the Abbasid Caliphate.

[00:14:05]In the end it was said to be Ottoman. Isn't it?

[00:14:11]What did Genghis Khan do in the Abbasid Caliphate? The last Caliph was attacked and killed. So these were the Umayyad Caliphs in between. During the reign of these Caliphs, Sindh was attacked by Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 AD.

[00:14:29]This was not the first attack by the Arabs.

[00:14:32]Even before this, one or two campaigns had been carried out in which they did not get success. Dahir and his soldiers defeated them so they returned back. There are many historians who give different reasons for the war with Dahir.

[00:14:59]But what is common is that the dispute is that the ships and traders that used to come and go from Arabia to Sri Lanka, the pirates used to loot them near Sindh, so many times the Arab rulers asked the ruler of Sindh to punish them, but what did he do, he ignored it, some historians say that from whom are we getting to know all these things? Discuss this.

[00:15:38]Some historians say that when Arab ships used to come to the port of Sindh, the Arab traders there used to forcibly capture the women of Sindh.

[00:15:52]So in one such attempt, the soldiers here opposed the soldiers of Dahi. Many were taken prisoner. Some were murdered. To punish the Arab traders, he sent an army against the Arabs in Sindh.

[00:16:08]Whatever may have been the reason, a war took place in which Dahir was defeated and he died. The reason historians are saying is that all these Buddhists were from one place, there was a place called Nerun.

[00:16:37]Nerun is a completely Buddhist dominated area.

[00:16:42]What did the Arabs do when they reached there? Not only did he surrender, he befriended them, welcomed them with money and helped them. Why? To remove the curse. The reason for anger against Dahir was that his brother Chandrasen, who was a Buddhist, had been the ruler for some time, after removing him, this Brahmin, that is, he became a Buddhist, he was a Brahmin, so the Buddhists were angry, so what the Buddhists did everywhere was help the Arabs and the Arabs helped some local people like there was a person named Thakur, saying that they would make him the king.

[00:17:28]What did he do? Opened the gate. It was in this war that Jauhar was first witnessed by historians or in Indian history.

[00:17:38]Yes son, give it to me.

[00:17:43]Raja Dahir had two wives.

[00:17:47]Among them, the eldest wife, Maina Devi, committed Jauhar along with the queens.

[00:17:54]And the younger wife was fighting in the war with her son.

[00:18:05]All these incidents continued inside the fort for about 6 months.

[00:18:10]When Qasim is not getting success, he takes the help of treachery. He sent some soldiers disguised as women to Dahir at night as he was known for his justice. There were three types of courts of judges which were of different categories and he used to hear cases in them. She started crying and Dahir came out to hear her cry and then the hidden soldiers attacked him in which Dahir was killed while fighting.

[00:18:40]After Dahir's death, both the wives fought. The elder wife committed Jauhar along with her companions. The younger wife was killed while fighting along with her son. And two daughters, Surdevi and Parimal Devi, were captured by Muhammad bin Qasim and were taken to Arabia to be surrendered to the Shah.

[00:19:06]Shah asked who is the biggest among them? Was told.

[00:19:10]Said sell it to my harem.

[00:19:14]When she went to the harem, the Shah approached her and said that I am not worthy of you because before bringing me here, Mohammad bin Qasim kept me with him for two-three days.

[00:19:28]This angered him and Shah Mohammad bin Qasim ordered his soldiers to capture him, skin him alive, fill his body with straw and bring him before him.

[00:19:41]His soldiers did the same. When he brought both the girls in front, he called them and said, look what did I do to the person who did this, then she said that I had to take revenge for my father, that is why I lied to both the girls. The king got angry and said that these girls should be tied to a horse and dragged on the streets of Damascus till they die.

[00:20:12]This was the punishment given to the girls and they gave up their lives there.

[00:20:18]So from whom are we getting all these sources of the early story of Sindh? Chachnama.

[00:20:30]Who is in charge in Chachnama?

[00:20:34]Brahmin minister and the next ruler of Sindh after Rah Sahasi.

[00:20:42]So Chachnama means his story, his biography, who wrote it in Arabic language, I don't know but it was translated into Persian language, okay write it down, originally it was known as Fatehnama, originally it was known as Fatehnama, in 12 16 17 AD Mohammad Ali Kufi Mohammad Ali Kufi Kufi Mohammad Ali Fufi translated it into Persian language, the period of Nasiruddin Qabacha, in 12167 AD Mohammad Ali Kufi translated it into Persian language.

[00:23:00]Translated into Persian.

[00:23:03]In whose time? During the time of Nasiruddin Qabacha.

[00:23:15]So now Chanchanama is the Arabic text.

[00:23:20]Who is the author? Don't know.

[00:23:23]But who is the writer of the Churchnama written in Persian language?

[00:23:32]Both things are clear. What are you asking?

[00:23:35]Please don't make a fuss after seeing the notice. Isn't it? The original book is known as Fatehnama. It is an Arabic text. Written in Arabic language.

[00:23:47]But I don't know who wrote the rights to it.

[00:23:50]But in 1216-17 AD it was translated into Persian language. It was translated.

[00:23:55]Who did it? By Mohammad Ali Kufi. So, I know the Persian writer. Arabic Test Writer When the Arab rule first came to Sindh, then this question arose that this is the entire region of infidels, what were they called, those who worshipped idols, they were called infidels who had strayed from the religion, so they are seen as infidels, then what kind of rule should be there here? There were only two conditions earlier.

[00:24:40]Either he should be killed or he should accept Islam.

[00:24:44]But now we had got a bigger area. There were not just two or four people.

[00:24:51]So a liberal policy was adopted which was once adopted for Jews or other tribes in wars there, regarding paying taxes.

[00:25:02]Now what was that tax? Jaziya.

[00:25:06]So where is Jizya being implemented for the first time? In Sindh, India. By whom?

[00:25:14]By the Arabs.

[00:25:56]We all know what Jizya was, first implemented in Sindh by Arab rulers. Isn't it?

[00:26:00]Later when Turks came to rule Delhi.

[00:26:04]Islam rules Delhi. So the same policy which was there in Sindh was adopted here also and Jizya was introduced, but even then Jizya was not imposed on Brahmins.

[00:26:19]Firoz Tughlaq tried a little but he did not succeed etc. So these were the things about Charchnama which tells us about the history of Sindh from Shuranishti to Dahir till the establishment of Arab rule after the invasion of Muhammad bin Qasim in 712.

[00:26:40]Okay child, the name of the second book is Kitab ul Hind written by Alberuni, its name is very long and wide, but Alberuni is also there, he came to India one time in 2018-19 AD with the invaded army of Mahmud Ghazni.

[00:28:26]This 101 India with the army of Mahmud Ghazni in 2018 19 AD. He was a scholar, he was knowledgeable in many subjects, he was a theologian, philosopher, logician, mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer and physician, he was a theologian, philosopher, logician, mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer and physician, all in one.

[00:30:25]Like when we read about the rulers, we are asked who was the most learned ruler in the Sultanate period? By the way, who among the travellers coming to India is the most knowledgeable or learned person in many subjects?

[00:30:43]Ok? Now in Kitab ul Hind he is giving details of the social and religious conditions of India at that time. I mean, when did this century become?

[00:30:59]What century is this?

[00:31:03]11 centuries have been scored.

[00:31:06]What is in it for us? Give details of India and its religious conditions.

[00:31:34]Where was this from?

[00:32:04]Where did the Far Rizm area of ​​present-day Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan belong?

[00:32:23]Its title was from Farism, known as Munna Jim Munjjim Hi Was Known As Munjjim.

[00:33:01]Now, this information about the social condition was given to him by FOR K Shah, who was his political leader there, and he used to advise him.

[00:33:13]Was an advisor. What was this about the ruler of Pharism? He was a political advisor and came to India with Ghazni's army. But the details of this were independently seen by him, he talked to people and wrote the same.

[00:33:35]Like saying that two brahs of the middle country are existing by talking about untouchability. This is being seen not only on a large scale in the upper and lower classes but also in the same class. He is saying that even two Brahmins of Madhya Pradesh, when they sat down to eat, would keep a silk handkerchief between them.

[00:34:04]Alberuni is the person who is saying that Indians did not know history.

[00:34:10]He is saying that when he tells that, then from whom is my history 5000 years old? When asked about his chronology, he would either become silent or start telling fabricated stories. Therefore he was not aware of that history.

[00:34:32]Meaning, Alberuni is telling Indians that Indians did not have knowledge of history, that whenever they are asked in chronological order, when did Ram live?

[00:34:50]Whatever they are talking about, about his father, what he is saying is that instead of giving any answer, he is avoiding the topic by talking about other things. He is talking about untouchability and so on. Meaning, after coming here, we came to know about Kitabul Hind from the social and religious condition of India in the 11th century.

[00:35:20]Now was it that Indians were aware of history or not? He is saying that it was not there. It was. Did we know the history or not?

[00:35:41]Yes.

[00:35:47]I don't know how old it is. By then it will go four five four five, it is not like that.

[00:36:05]Child G hysterography has its own unique criteria.

[00:36:14]Ok. The history we are studying today is the tradition of Islamic history writing. Are you understanding things?

[00:36:37]How? He became the first ruler. His successor, his successor and the achievements of that successor are being read by them only.

[00:36:49]Meaning, what were the achievements of the rulers by arranging them in chronological order? That's what we are reading. Why are we doing too much of this political stuff in history writing? Giving preference.

[00:37:15]And there are some cultural achievements too. So which is the king's kit now? What did you get made?

[00:37:21]Who created it, etc., what work was done in the field of religion, etc., and we read them by putting them in a chronological order. Are you able to understand this tradition of history writing, this Islamic history writing? It started from Arabia.

[00:37:48]In the pre-Islamic era, Arabs had a tradition of writing about themselves.

[00:37:57]Meaning, the father is writing that I am doing this work. I was my father.

[00:38:02]I did this work.

[00:38:04]This tradition was called Ansaab.

[00:38:13]About myself.

[00:38:21]Islamic Islam came.

[00:38:24]This tradition existed in Islam also but the name changed. What happened to the name change?

[00:38:32]Asma ul Rial means writing about oneself was called Ansaf. In the Islamic world, if one had to write about wars, it was called Seerat, sorry, if one had to write biographies, it was called Seerat Geography and the battles that are happening are called Magazi, meaning what is Sirap, biography, what is Magazi, description of battles.

[00:39:17]This tradition was in Arabia.

[00:39:20]Islam spread to many places from Arabia. It reached Iran and the Islam that reached there from here reached the ruling class. As a ruling class. Are you understanding things?

[00:39:41]Here he was among the common people. From here, some people came here with Islam and established themselves as rulers. The tradition continued the same. So the details of the rulers were written and through that route, the things of Tabaqat Nazari became understandable in India and in the same form, the scriptures also came to India. Is it there from the Prophet till 1259 or not? It is in chronological order only.

[00:40:21]So what is this pattern that we are seeing today? In Islamic history.

[00:40:27]Meaning History in the Muslim world meant a record of the achievements of rulers in chronological order.

[00:40:41]This was the definition in his mind.

[00:40:44]But to whom did we give more importance in India? Considering whom was the line drawn? On society, on culture, on religion, on duties, on responsibilities.

[00:40:58]Which is called religion and we give rulers as examples.

[00:41:06]Meaning, there is not a single such book in ancient times except Rajtarangini of Kashmir that we can say that people do not know any book like Tabaqat Nasiri.

[00:41:18]Even today, if you ask common people what was the time of Shri Ram? It is not there, right?

[00:41:30]Now from whom will we find out when he was born, when it was full moon or new moon. A lunar eclipse occurred the year before this. By doing this, those who know about religion can guess.

[00:41:41]But there is no date or date wise. There was only one book and that was Rajtarangini which was about Kashmir from the beginning and Alberuni was written later. So, when Alberuni was asked about the definition of history in his mind, when he was asked about when it happened and in which year, he did not know anything, that is why he is saying that he did not have any knowledge of history, but history was not written as per your understanding, the preference of writing history in India, which medium was given priority, the medium related to religion, the medium related to duties, discipline or any such ruler, like Ramcharitmanas, Mahabharata, things were said in them but there is no chronology in them also.

[00:42:41]In that also, so and so was the lineage of so and so. This was the so-and-so lineage. Mahabharata should be left aside. There is no kit-wise description of the dynasties in the Mahabharata. What we take out is a different matter. It happened at this time. It happened at this time.

[00:42:58]So for this reason Alberuni is saying that Indians did not have knowledge of history.

[00:43:03]But in the context of India, the standard definition of history writing was different and the definition of history in the Islamic world was different, hence he did not like it. Are you getting the point? So what does this say about Indian society and religion? He is telling about the 11th century and about untouchability, about the caste system, about religion etc., it had spread to such an extent that even if Brahmins sat together to eat food, they would have a silk handkerchief between them.

[00:43:43]So what has been revealed at this time? From this we get information about the social and religious conditions of India around the 11th century.

[00:43:58]Write the next book.

[00:44:12]Kitab ul Yamini or Tarikh ul Yamini Kitab ul Yamini or Tarikh ul Yamini Well, this Kitabul Hind was also written in Arabic language. In which was Kitabul Hind also located? In Arabic language. In Arabic language.

[00:44:59]Its author is Qutbi.

[00:45:08]Qutbi.

[00:45:13]And this is also written in Arabic language.

[00:45:20]It was written in Arabic language.

[00:45:48]He was an officer of Mahmud. The officer was Mahmud Ghazni.

[00:45:55]It was an officer of Mahmud Ghazni. He was an officer of Mahmud Ghazni.

[00:46:04]He was an officer of Mahmud Ghazni and once a long time ago a question was asked in the prelims that which scholar had eyewitness knowledge about the character of Mahmud Ghaznavi.

[00:46:25]Not by hearing it directly, he himself was present at that time and wrote whatever he saw, this writer is Qutbi.

[00:46:32]Ok? Write down 'It was'. Putabi had a first hand knowledge. Putabi had a first-hand knowledge of the character and activities of Sultan Mahmud and his officers.

[00:47:07]Sultan Mahmud and his Office Qutbi had eyewitness accounts of Sultan Mahmud and his officials.

[00:48:32]Abul Sharab Jarbazkani Translated It Innu Personal Language James Reynolds Translated It Innu English Language.

[00:49:47]What does this reveal?

[00:50:24]The history from Subukt Jin to Ghaznavi of 102 AD.

[00:50:41]Now tell me who Subukt Jin was, it has not been told where he came from in between, I will tell you later, I mean, where was Ghaznavi the ruler of?

[00:51:08]Where was Mahmud Ghaznavi the ruler?

[00:51:11]Yes.

[00:51:13]Where were you from?

[00:51:18]Where were you from?

[00:51:22]A Ghazni's. Where is Ghazni? Was in Afghanistan. Isn't it?

[00:51:30]So where is this ruler from? Subukt Jin will come first. Then Subukt Jin, then small Pyatgin in between etc., we will tell you about it in detail later. Study then Mohammad Ghaznavi ruler of Kabul.

[00:51:50]Ok? So, it means that Islam was first brought to Afghanistan by the Arabs and then these Turks snatched it from the Arabs. These are Turks.

[00:52:02]So Afghanistan has a history from Subukt Jin to the time period of Mahmud Ghaznavi.

[00:52:12]Meaning, it contains details of the military campaigns of Mohammad Ghaznavi as well as details of military operations. Are you getting the point, son?

[00:52:39]History from Subukt Jin to 1020 AD.

[00:52:46]Now where is Subuk Jin from?

[00:52:50]Ghazni is the ruler of Afghanistan.

[00:52:57]Meaning, the dynasty of Mahmud Ghazni started from Altagin. Ok?

[00:53:03]Who came from Kharzm to Afghanistan.

[00:53:07]Why did you come?

[00:53:09]We will tell you later in detail how it came. Otherwise you will get entangled in it. Isn't it?

[00:53:16]Write your next book here right now.

[00:53:22]Tarikh e Baihaqi Tarikh e Baihaqi Returned by Bhai Abul Fazal Baihaq It was written in Persian language Fahaqi was an officer of Sultan Masood.

[00:54:48]Who was this Masood? He was the successor of Ghaznavi.

[00:54:52]Dahaki was an officer of Sultan Masud. He was wrote a 10 volume comprehensive history of the Ghaznavid rulers up to 1550 59 A.D.

[00:55:32]He wrote a history of the Ghaznavid rulers up to 1559 A.D. in 10 volumes. The same Ghaznavi and Ghazni are the same city of Ghazni, from whose name its title came to mind, Ghaznavi, he wrote the history of Ghaznavi rulers in 10 volumes till 1059 AD, different volumes on different rulers.

[00:56:28]Ok? There are 10 volumes. There are different volumes on different rulers.

[00:56:32]In which the volume of Mahmud Ghaznavi is called Tajul Fatuh.

[00:56:40]What is it being called? Tajul is 10 volumes. All 10 are on different rulers.

[00:56:58]So Ghaznavi is the most important ruler.

[00:57:00]Which section of Ghaznavi is this? In what name?

[00:57:03]Tajul Futuh. Meaning whose is Tajul Futuh?

[00:57:07]Who has a part? Date of Baihaqi. And what is Tajul Futuh connected to? It is written in Persian language towards Mahmud Ghaznavi. It was written in Persian language.

[00:57:50]So what is Tajul Futu? What is it connected to?

[00:57:52]From Bairaki and what's in it? The achievements of Mahmud Ghaznavi. There will be their wars in this also. They will also have administration.

[00:58:00]All his failures and achievements are found in Tajul Fatoos. The next book is Taj ul Masir, now you must know that you have read about it, Tajul Masi Taj ul Masi composed by Hasan Nizami, who has written Tajul Masi? Hasan Nizami.

[00:59:13]What time was it? The Court Historian of Qutbuddin Aibak.

[00:59:18]Who was this? The Court Historian of Qutbuddin Aibak. He was the court historian of Qutubuddin Aibak.

[00:59:49]Throw light on the history of between 1192 to 126.

[01:00:29]It was written in both prose and verse styles and it was the first historical text to underline the establishment of Muslim rule in India.

[01:01:14]This was the first book which talked about the establishment of Islamic rule in India.

[01:01:40]Meaning, this is a book which does not contain any information about things outside India. The book that was there till now starts from Afghanistan, so the whole story or the things before that are from the Prophet, but this is the first such book which tells what the rulers and people of foreign countries are doing to India? Is separating. Meaning, it contains the history from 1192 i.e. Battle of Tarain Second to 1206 i.e. death of Ghori.

[01:02:17]Which book? Tajul Mas.

[01:02:20]That is why this book is also called partly history and partly fiction. It is partly history and partly novel.

[01:02:31]Written in Botha style. The question was asked using this sentence.

[01:02:38]Tajul Masik is partly history and partly fiction.

[01:02:44]It is partly history and partly novel.

[01:03:12]So where does this tell us about?

[01:03:15]Tajul Mas to whom about?

[01:03:19]Yes.

[01:03:21]1192 means Aibak's entire history of India from 1192 to 1206, the death of Ghori, the history of Delhi, the history of Islamic rule in Delhi, you can also say that which is the first book giving information about the establishment of Islamic rule in India? He was the court historian of Qutubuddin Aibak.

[01:03:50]Regarding that, he wrote the next book Adab ul Harb wa Sujaat.

[01:04:26]Recently, we had the paper of this exam some time back, I don't know whether it was there or not, but I remember it, but there was a question that in which of these books is there information about war tactics, tell me about the strategies of war, so this is the same book Adab ul Harb Sujaat composed by Fakr Mudabbir Fakr Mudabbir, your faces are telling that you people do not read text books. You don't read, right?

[01:05:34]Otherwise, what is the name? It gets caught.

[01:05:38]What is all this? Watch it from mobile.

[01:05:43]Fakr Mudvir and whose information are you getting? It throws light on the war tactics.

[01:05:53]It throws light on war tactics or strategies related to war. The next book is Tarikh e Jahan Gusha, written by Alauddin Alauddin at Malik Juwani Hatmalik Jubani, about whom do we get to know? About the Mongols.

[01:08:06]Heard the name of Genghis Khan Who was Mongol No Mad Line Live Followers of Buddhists An investigation of Buddhism Followers You can say that they are also followers of barbarism Their traditions were very much related to Buddhists.

[01:08:56]They used to elect their leader in a meeting which was called Kulatai.

[01:09:02]What was Kulatai? There used to be meetings of the Mongols.

[01:09:05]In one such Kultai, the Mongols chose a man named Temuchin as their leader.

[01:09:16]What was his name? This question is asked a lot in exams.

[01:09:23]Chin, this is Genghis Khan's original name Temujin, okay child, Genghis Khan attacked everyone, we will discuss it again in this time, the information of history is telling about the same, when he attacked fort, the prince there whose name was Jalaluddin Mangbarni, those who have read a little history of the Sultanate, they would know that he fled and came to India, chasing him, Genghis Khan also came, Jalaluddin Mangbarni sought refuge from Iltutmish.

[01:10:24]Now giving him shelter meant inviting Genghis Khan.

[01:10:31]Iltutmish did not even want to refuse. So I wrote a diplomatic letter.

[01:10:39]What is a diplomatic letter? That I should say yes, yes son, I did not suppose so.

[01:10:47]Yes, I do want to, but I feel that the environment and climate here is not suitable for you, so he understood the hint and left for Russia and following him, Genghis Khan went to Russia, so this is the source of the history of chasing and pursuing Russia, this is what reveals it, if you read about the Sultanate further, then from where will you come to know about it?

[01:11:19]This is all history.

[01:11:21][nasal sound] Tell me something about Alauddin. As told about Aibak, the history of Aibak became known from that.

[01:11:27]Found out from Hasan Nizami.

[01:11:31]Things are becoming clear, right? So what is Genghis Khan highlighting about the Mongols? Shedding his light.

[01:11:37]He came to know about the Mongols.

[01:11:40]Correct. Son, is it clear? What needs to be done is to just memorize it and this is a big problem, yes memorizing is a big problem, now it is like this that we used to ask our teacher that sir the exam is coming, please tell me something, then he used to say write it and used to say that write it in the book that every black letter is important.

[01:12:21]Every black important tells these important questions. There was no era of mobile phones. It was the era of books.

[01:12:31]So one question was missed. Turns out it's in Fala's book. Had to buy the book. If I did not have the capacity alone, then two or four boys together would have bought it and read it.

[01:12:46]Unless you read the text book, read it in any way, even if you download and read it, your writing skills will not improve. You will not be able to make sentences.

[01:13:02]Those small sentences will not be of any use. A cow has two horns. One has four legs. There is a tail.

[01:13:11]How will maturity also come in your answer?

[01:13:14]When you know the words, how will you know how to put a big sentence in one word? Only when you read literature will you know, read whatever you are interested in. Siyasatnama is a very important book.

[01:13:59]Who wrote this Siyasatnama?

[01:14:07]Nizam ul Mulk Tusi Why is Nizam ul Mulk Tusi important?

[01:14:44]Because through this we come to know about the source system of the unity system.

[01:15:10]What was this unity system?

[01:15:18]Unity system is often asked in prelims, what lasts?

[01:15:42]Ok?

[01:15:44]All four to five options are given. I am one of those options. Most of the children apply it.

[01:15:51]A type of land is some market newspapers and magazines. The type of land is also written in it.

[01:16:05]But whenever we come to the details, we will tell you about the time of Iltutmish.

[01:16:10]What makes the butt last? Tikta when asked you ever in prelims is revenue assignment. There is revenue allocation.

[01:16:23]Given by Sultan to whom? To the commanders. There is an assignment. Now what is that assignment? Now we will come to the details later. Ok?

[01:16:42]Whose assignment? You go and collect revenue from that place.

[01:16:53]Gave a particular area. This means that Iltutmish divided his kingdom into several pieces on revenue grounds.

[01:17:03]500, 2000, 10,000 assessments were done and there were many big unities, small unities and a head there was asked what do you have to do with that much revenue? Your recovery. So, to whom was this assignment given? To your commander.

[01:17:24]Why did you give it? Why did you have to give it?

[01:17:27]What is its result? What is its original meaning?

[01:17:30]In what form did he work? When Iltut comes, I will get it written for you in detail. Ok? So from where do we get information about all this? In the name of politics.

[01:17:43]Write down the next one.

[01:18:39]Who wrote Tabaqat e Nasri Minha Haj us Siraj Minhaj us Siraj is in 23 volumes.

[01:19:09]Written in 23 volumes from Prophet to 1259 AD, in which the history before the Prophets, the history of Ghaznavi, the history of Aibak is there, from the time Islam started till 1259 AD, there are 21 volumes in it, the 21st volume is on the Sultans of Delhi, from Iltutmish to Nasiruddin Mahmud, in which is the history from Iltutmish to Nasiruddin Mahmud?

[01:20:18]In the 23rd plot.

[01:20:29]In which volume are the wars of the Sultans of Delhi from Iltutmish to Nasiruddin Mahmud mentioned?

[01:20:32]23 In the last volume he describes Genghis Khan and so on.

[01:20:45]Connected to the Mongols and talks about the Prophets in the First.

[01:20:51]But who is the most important person for you? Which is associated with the Sultans of Delhi. Which volume is it?

[01:20:59]21st Volume.

[01:21:16]Now call him a historian, call him a scholar, Amir Khusro, here we will not mention his name by mentioning the name of the book, he wrote many books and among those books, let us discuss five or six books. A lot of questions are asked as to what is the subject of this book? Like what is the subject of Ashika?

[01:21:58]Isn't it, what is there in which book these things, they existed during the reign of about six Sultans, their time was long, write down their names, they are the court of many Sultans, they are the court of many Sultans from Balban to Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, they are the court of many Sultans from Balban to Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, during the reign of about six Sultans, they have a title for which they are famous, they are famous by the name of Tutiya Hindi. They also became victims of the Mongols. The Mongols captured them.

[01:23:45]And he writes that my Mongol chieftain is above 7 feet tall. He is sitting on a tall, long and wide horse and has tied me with chains. Let me give you his description, how is he? He has a tuft of hair on his chin and while talking, there is a foul smell coming from his mouth. He has tied me with chains and is pulling me. He pulled me and when I started to stop due to hunger and thirst, he would hit me with his spear.

[01:24:39]I don't know how I was able to escape from the hands of these brutal beasts. I am thankful to Allah a million times.

[01:24:48]I do not know.

[01:24:57]So his original name was Yaminuddin Mohammad Hasan and he is known by the name of Amir Khusro.

[01:25:05]What is the title? Third Hind. Now he has written many books.

[01:25:11]We will discuss some of them which are important and are asked in the exam.

[01:25:15]Write down the first one.

[01:25:25]Tiran Us Sadain Tiran Us Sada It was a historical Masnavi.

[01:25:51]It was a historical Masnavi.

[01:25:57]Masnavi means writing in prose, writing in poetry. What is the first line doing to the second line in terms of verses or rhymes? It is matching. Isn't it? So what is this writing saying? Masnavi.

[01:26:17]Historical Masnavi It gives an eye-witness account of the meeting that took place in Awadh region between Sultan Kaitubad and Bughra Khan Sultan Kaituqubar and Bughra Khan This is a historical Masnavi which gives us information about the meeting that took place in Awadh region between Sultan Kaiqubad and Bughra Khan.

[01:27:56]Information about the meeting is available.

[01:28:04]Now which of these two? We will understand this. Half of your history will become clear as you teach it.

[01:28:19]Because from whom is all the source of history being prepared? This is happening because of them.

[01:28:26]And whenever you do this, it is important not only for prelims but also from the point of view of mains.

[01:28:31]Why? Whenever you are asked about any subject, history cannot be written without chronology and without sources. You will not get marks.

[01:28:42]How will you tell the authenticity? On what basis are you saying these things? So there should be authenticity and all these things are important in authenticity, if you remember then Balban is a famous ruler, everyone must have heard his name, his eldest son who was capable, Mahmud Prince Mahmud Butt was killed fighting with the Mongols on the border, so the ruler who came after Balban was Kaiquba.

[01:29:28]Balban had this son, Bughra Khan. Meaning Takubaz then who is Bugra Khan? He is the father and after suppressing the Bengal rebellion, Balban is making Bughra Khan the Nawab of that place. So we will discuss in detail further. When there was a rebellion in Bengal, finally Balban went to Banga for the last time. So after suppressing the rebellion there, 2 km of Lakhnauti.

[01:29:58]That 2 km.

[01:30:00]He had bamboos placed along almost all the roads and hanged all the rebels.

[01:30:05]Bughra Khan was appointed there and he was told to understand that if anyone rebels against me anywhere, he will meet the same fate as he did. He returned. After Mahmud's death, Balban also did not live long; he died. The matter was settled by his grandsons, that is, by their own sons' sons, living under Balban, these children lived under a strict discipline, and when he became the ruler, then what happened? This is how it happens, that children are kept under a lot of pressure and then suddenly they are freed. So the attraction is more towards wrong things. The attraction will attract you more towards wrong things. It is going to harm things, isn't it? So Bughra Khan left Bengal to convince them.

[01:31:04]Some historians say that Kaiqubad went with his army with his intention to capture Delhi as well and when both father and son came face to face, the feelings of the father towards the son and the son towards the father were awakened.

[01:31:29]So both of them had a meeting. Bughra Khan explained to Kaiqubad that this has to be done, that has to be done, if you do this then this will happen to him and after explaining, Kaiqubad returned to Delhi and Bughra Khan returned to Bengal. Meaning there was no war.

[01:31:47]So this information is available from Amir Khusro's Kiranusday.

[01:31:58]Meaning the meeting of Kaikubar and Mugra Khan which took place in Awadh region, due to the awakening of the feelings of father and son, the war did not happen, the father explained to his son and went back, later he came to Delhi, its source its story is written by Amir Khusro in which Kinus Sada Aa Gayi Baat Samjha Mein Next Book Inki Mita Ta Ul Qutuh Mita Ulfatuh So Light on Jalaluddin Military Campaign It throws light on the military campaigns of Jalaluddin Khilji.

[01:33:14]Later, when Jalauddin Khilji will come to Ranthambore, Jhain etc. and will discuss his campaigns, what is the source?

[01:33:24]Who wrote Mitau Qutub?

[01:33:28]who wrote? Whose book is all this? Amir Khusro.

[01:33:45]Kul Fatuh Kul Fatuh I give information about the military campaign of Alauddin Khilji. Show light on Alauddin Khilji military campaign.

[01:34:16]Alauddin Khilji's military campaigns, especially the Deccan campaign, are discussed in detail.

[01:34:38]Alauddin did not conquer the South, nor do we get information about those Southern campaigns from Khwaja Ainu Fatuhu.

[01:34:57]Aashika or Deval Rani Khizr Khani Deval Rani Khizr Khani Hijr Khani Why are you hungry by the name of Khane Now who are these two, their love story is being discussed Devlani and Khej Khan so what is the name of the book?

[01:36:37]Written in the form of a Masnavi.

[01:36:47]Ok? Did you understand?

[01:36:50]Now don't ask who was which Khan and who was Deval Rani, I will not ask this, if I know then I will not ask, the more I ask, the more I will have to remember, I will keep telling, so ask less, I will remember as much as I get, right, during Alauddin's Gujarat campaign, the ruler of Gujarat ran away. Who were his queen Kamala Devi and daughter, i.e. sister-in- laws? Kamala Devi's daughter.

[01:37:43]Devralani had already been expelled by the ruler here. was removed with the troops.

[01:37:48]So Kamala Devi was captured by Khilji's soldiers.

[01:37:52]Alauddin Khilji sent Kalwa to bring him to Delhi with respect.

[01:37:59]Whom? Kamala Devi.

[01:38:03]Kamala Devi reached Delhi and Alauddin Khilji married her and appointed her as his chief queen.

[01:38:16]Deval Rani ran away to the South.

[01:38:21]When Alauddin was on a campaign in the South, his soldiers found their convoy.

[01:38:29]They were identified. It was revealed that she was Deval Rani, the daughter of Kamala Devi. So they also got orders as to where to bring him with respect? Take Delhi.

[01:38:40]So this Deval Rani Khizr Khan was the son of Alauddin Khilji.

[01:38:48]So later she got married to Khizr Khan. The relationship between them is a story of love relationship, Deval Rani Khizrakhani or Aashika, I understood the matter son, who is Deval Rani, she was from Gujarat, she was the daughter of Kamala Devi, who is Khizr Khan, the son of Alauddin Khilji, after the victory of Chittor, Alauddin Khilji named it Khizrabad and sent Khizr Khan there, but Rajputs are never ready to accept the power of any outsider. If someone from among us is made the ruler and he makes him accept subordination, that is fine.

[01:39:33]Khizr Khan was troubled so much that he left Chittor and went away. And later Alauddin Khilji appointed a ruler from there as the ruler of Chittor. Then that rebellion calmed down.

[01:39:46]So this is the discussion of their relationship. In this Devani Fiz next book is Inhi's Noah Sifar Noah Sifar Noah Sifat Ye Mubarak which throws light on the history of Shah Khilji.

[01:40:25]Tolight on the History of Mubarak Shah Khalji.

[01:40:34]This throws light on the history of Mubarak Shah Khilji who became the ruler after Alauddin Khilji.

[01:40:46]After Alauddin Khilji, Malik Kafur captured power.

[01:40:54]These people were taken prisoner.

[01:40:59]Malik Kafur 's soldiers were sent by Malik Kafur to go and kill him in the jail.

[01:41:10]He asked how much did you get for killing us?

[01:41:15]He said that if we get this, then whoever gives it, we will give double the amount and go and kill Malik Kafur.

[01:41:22]So he went back. He killed Malik Kafur.

[01:41:26]After that he was released from jail and this was made in the name of Mubarak Shahji. To joke a lot, to laugh and to laugh means the status of Alauddin Khilji fell a lot during his reign, so what is this book doing about it, it is telling about it, in Nos Sifar, whose book is this, Hamir, and one last thing you should write, Tughlaqnama, this is also of Amir Khusro.

[01:42:21]Who will he tell this to? On Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

[01:42:51]What is the time of Giyasuddin Tughlaq? He was only till Giyasuddin Tughlaq, till when was he Amir Kuso, from Balban to Giyasuddin Tughlaq, you can also call the last book as Tughlaqnama, Giyasuddin Tugh, though many things have been written in this, these are the things from which we can know about the rulers of that time, Alauddin Khilji, Jalaluddin Khilji, Bughra Khan Kaiquba, that is, Khilji Dynasty, the next book is Tarikh. Now the topic of Amir Khusro is over. There are so many books by Amir Khusro. You will see the rest and see for yourself. The next book is Tarikh-e- Tarikh Firozshahi.

[01:44:08]Also add Tarikh-e- Firozshahi and Fatwa-e-Zahdari. Fatwa-e- Zahdari was composed by Barani. Barani Ziauddin Barani was a contemporary of Mohammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

[01:45:12]Now we had told you about one book, then it is said that Nasri.

[01:45:16]Okay, till when is the history in it, the history till 1259 is connected to it, that is, 1259 to 1352.

[01:45:33]Tarikh Firozshahi 1259 to 1352 means that where Nasri ended, Tarikh Firozshahi started from there, from 1859 to 1352 AD, Fatwa Zahadari is also a section of Tarikh Firozshahi, it is connected to it in every way. All these things are discussed. From these books we come to know many things about the time period of the Sultanate period. For example, write down the first power and function of the Crown.

[01:46:42]Power and Function of the Crown.

[01:46:47]Who is this talking about? Fatwa Jahadari.

[01:46:50]Ok?

[01:46:54]Power and Function of the Crown. The date is said to be of Firozshahi. Fatwa e Jahadari is related to this. But what do we know about Fatwa-e-Jahadari? The date was told to be Firozshahi.

[01:47:14]A part related to this is Fatwa-e-Jahadari from 1259 to 1352 AD.

[01:47:17]What do we learn from Fatwa-e-Jahadari? Many things are being revealed.

[01:47:22]What is the first one in that? Power and functions of the ruler.

[01:47:30]Power and Function of the Crown or Sultan.

[01:47:36]Second Privilege of Nobility Class.

[01:47:46]Privileges of the Nobility Class.

[01:47:50]Privileges or facilities of the elite classes or the rich The Doctrine of the Safety of the State The Doctrine of the Safety of the State Law and Order Problem Law and Order Problem Law and Order Problem Crime and Punishment Crime and Punishment Religion and Politics Religion and Politics and Last The Role of the Army and the Intelligence Services of the Sultan Who wrote Tarikh Firo Firsahi? What did we tell you?

[01:50:02]Another book has been written by the name of Tarikh Firozshahi, whose author is Shams-e-Siraj Afiq. That means he has also written a book named Tarikh Firozshahi. So if it was not Ziauddin Barani then what name would have been given? Shams e Siraj Afif.

[01:50:54]Shamas Siraj Afi Butt, whatever detailing we have done, it is of Barani Wali. Ok? Of the fatwa and also of Firozshahi. He has a separate book but it is not written. He has also written a book named Shamshe Siraj Afi Firozshahi. So two people have written a book with this title.

[01:51:19]Barani has also written it and so has he. Everyone's matter is different.

[01:51:26]These are his main importance. Isn't it? That's all for today. This is enough.

[01:51:33]You have to revise it again. Now whenever we are telling this. Now when we come to Dynasties, what will happen to you after reading it? We will find out. Then he will not forget. What if you did it well? Is n't it a revision? Therefore, let us keep detailing the story and other things related to it.

[01:51:54]So what will we have to do later? Let us discuss those things.

[01:52:00]Ok? Do you want to ask me something, son?

[01:52:03]Any problem?

[01:52:05]Okay, do the rest.

[01:52:30]How do I get down OK?