The Drake Equation, developed by Frank Drake in 1961, is a mathematical formula that estimates the number of intelligent civilizations in our galaxy by multiplying seven factors: the rate of star formation, the fraction of stars with planets, the fraction of planets suitable for life, the probability of life arising, the probability of intelligent life developing, the fraction of civilizations capable of communication, and the duration such civilizations transmit signals. Scientists estimate that approximately 11 billion planets in our galaxy could potentially support life, and while radio signals could theoretically reach alien civilizations, the vast distances involved mean communication would take many years.
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Added:[music] [music] >> Is that Is that a real firebird? Of course not. It's her first cousin on her mother's side. And here, I'm posing for Picasso in his famous Dove of Peace painting. I never would have believed it. Yes, not too many people notice the similarities.
Well, this photo looks amazingly familiar.
My good friend, this entire story happened specifically because of you.
How's that? Why don't I remember anything about it? Well, that's because you weren't there. Honestly, it's not getting very clear. Oh, it's the most amazingly funny story.
>> [laughter] >> Everything started, of course, because of one of your usual experiments.
>> Oh, careful. In your hands lies the future of mankind.
>> Ooh, judging from this, mankind has a very heavy future.
Holy carrots! It looks like a monument to that plate that I broke last week.
>> Haha, maybe it was a very famous dish.
>> Very funny. This device, my witty friends, sends radio signals into space.
>> You should have just said so then. It's a radio.
>> Technically, yes. But this isn't an ordinary radio. In my signal, there is a friendly encoded message to alien civilizations.
>> There you go. You what? Believe in aliens?
>> Indeed, I do.
After all, Earth isn't the only planet in the universe. In our galaxy, there are about 200 billion stars. And at least one planet is spinning around every one of them.
>> What? And there's an alien sitting on every one of them?
>> Unfortunately, no. But given that quantity of planets, the likelihood that life exists on at least one of them is very, very high.
>> Be more specific, please. Is there any way to determine the probability?
>> It is possible.
There is even a special formula for calculating the number of civilizations in our galaxy.
This equation was thought up in 1961 by American scientist Frank Drake.
>> Cool! I wish I knew what all these squiggles meant.
>> Oh, that is elementary. The first factor indicates how many stars are born in the galaxy every year.
The second factor, what portion of these stars have planets.
The third factor shows what share of them are suitable for sustaining life.
The fourth factor is the probability of life originating on the planet given the right conditions.
The fifth factor is the probability of the genesis of intelligent life on inhabited planets, and the sixth factor shows the percentage of civilizations which would be capable of contact.
And the last factor at last, the seventh one indicates the time during which these civilizations exist and perhaps transmit radio signals into space.
If we multiply all these values, then we will get [music] the number of civilizations which are ready to accept a radio signal from our planet.
>> Incredible! So, does that mean that aliens really exist?
>> Well, what did I tell you? You see, there's even a formula for it.
>> And they might receive our signal at any given moment?
>> And arrive here.
>> Theoretically, yes. However, we don't know a majority of the values in this formula yet and can therefore only assume.
>> Uh Uh >> We can't have all this garbage around for our fellow intelligent life form brothers. Everything needs to be in tip-top shape.
>> Cosmic shape.
>> We need to warn everyone immediately.
>> What?
>> To us?
>> TO FLY?
>> Space brothers in arms.
>> Walk, any minute now.
>> We'll all be darned.
>> Are you ready for a contact with alien civilizations?
>> [panting and sighs] [snorts] >> Here they are.
>> [clears throat] >> The Earth welcomes you, dear visitor, who plowed at a great hurtling speed through boundless space to extend a friendship to our planet.
We have long waited for your visit.
Prepare for our cultural exchange Our expectations have >> It looks like a tadpole.
>> How uncultured.
>> And I ask you to accept this gift as a sign of our readiness for contact out of the goodness, as they say, of our hearts.
He respects traditions.
And now for the cultural part of our program. This is a green planet.
>> This is winter.
>> This is summer.
>> This is a tasty little cutlet.
>> This is a poem about love.
>> This is a shovel.
>> This is a brooch.
>> And a few more bones.
>> AN AUTOMATIC COFFEEMAKER.
>> THIS IS A favorite carrot.
>> These are dumbbells for exercise.
>> These are weeded garden beds.
>> And this is a puzzle. Hide and seek.
>> This is a creative rush.
>> It's a diesel fueled engine.
>> It's a radish and sweet potato.
>> These are my glasses in a case.
>> This is a black cassonova.
>> These are piano passages.
>> These are real landscapes.
>> These are bolts of fuselages.
>> This is >> And this is lava.
>> This is a bicycle bell.
>> This is a book on elocution.
>> This is a green planet.
>> This is our favorite.
This is our favorite.
This is our favorite.
>> Tell me, my friend, whether you are authorized to choose a worthy Earthling for a return trip to your planet.
>> Dibs. I'll go on a social visit. Fly away on a spaceship.
>> Hm, Crash. Certainly, your application is more than worthy. But in my opinion, the one who should go should be >> the most beautiful. He must be the most beautiful, or she.
>> NINE. CONTACT BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS IS PRIMARILY AN EXCHANGE OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE AREA OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS.
UH-HUH.
>> [clears throat] >> I'LL GO AND learn about their agricultural achievements.
>> As a matter of fact, I wouldn't mind either.
>> But it's very dangerous. An alien spaceship G forces, I mean.
Only someone very well prepared could withstand such an experience.
>> I'm I'm all right I am, and weightlessness makes my horns itch.
>> And nevertheless, I believe that I would be the best candidate.
>> Why is that, exactly?
>> My friends, why are you torturing this unfortunate creature?
>> That's it. We're starting an interplanetary conflict.
>> And And nevertheless, my friends, allow me to ask, why are you torturing this poor frog?
>> Uh uh a frog?
>> Well, what about aliens, visitors? How about your space radio? Didn't it work?
>> Oh, I see you've been, as they say, caught up in this topic. I should note that sending a radio impulse to other civilizations is not the only way to search for fellow intelligent life forms.
It is possible to investigate planets which move around the stars similar to our sun and at the same distance as Earth. They are about 150 million km away. If the star's radiation is greater than the sun's, then life becomes possible at greater distances from it and vice versa. For example, if radiation from the star is more than the sun's by a factor of four, [music] then mortal life becomes possible at a distance from the star of 300 million km.
Unfortunately, unexplored planets of this kind are very far from us, and it is almost impossible to see them in a telescope. Therefore, we can only guess about their existence from their brightness.
A planet rotates around the star and hides a part of its radiation from the astronomer. If we periodically record the reduction of the star's brightness, then it is possible to calculate the period of the planet's rotation and its relative size. Then we calculate the mass of the star and distance to it in order to understand whether life is possible on that planet.
It's estimated that in our galaxy life could exist on approximately 11 billion planets.
And if we have fellow intelligent space brothers-in-arms, then then our radio signal will only reach them after many many years.
Something wrong? Uh And there you have the story.
Contact between civilizations, space brothers-in-arms.
My friend, you don't listen to me at all. Did you see that?
But that's phenomenal.
>> [music]
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