What Lies Beyond the Boundaries of the Universe?

[00:00:00]The easiest way for us humans to understand something is when we see it.

[00:00:05]If we can understand a circumstance with the naked eye, it seems easier to understand the effects and [music] causes of a certain process.

[00:00:12]But what is the situation like in situations that are completely invisible to the human eye? The mystery surrounding the infinite vastness of our universe stem primarily from the fact that we simply cannot observe certain areas of the galaxy due to the different [music] spatial circumstances.

[00:00:31]The beginning.

[00:00:34]In order to understand what is hidden outside the visible universe, it is advisable to first discuss how the universe itself was created in the first place.

[00:00:43]In all probability, you have all heard of the world-famous Big Bang Theory.

[00:00:49]This thesis from cosmology deals with the origin of space, time, and matter.

[00:00:55]According to experts, the Big Bang, which is generally considered to be the birth of our universe, occurred about 13.8 billion years ago.

[00:01:05]However, contrary to initial assumptions, most of these theories do not deal with the Big Bang itself, but rather with the earliest state of the universe after the event known as the Big Bang.

[00:01:17]The term Big Bang has an extremely martial effect at first sight and awakens in us the idea of a gigantic explosion, as a result of which the components of our universe were hurled like bullets into the vastness of [music] space.

[00:01:30]In fact, the term Big Bang only describes the emergence of matter, space, and time from a previous singularity.

[00:01:38]In astronomy, the word singularity refers to a spatial state [music] in which the prevailing gravity is so strong that the curvature of space-time is practically infinite.

[00:01:48]Within their Big Bang theories, scientists try to observe the spatial expansion of our universe backwards in order to eventually return to the point [music] where the universe was just formed. However, experts are still largely in the dark about their thesis.

[00:02:04]According to them, there is currently no generally accepted theory that can explain the exact origin of the universe or its earliest state incontestably.

[00:02:14]Observable universe.

[00:02:17]As we mentioned in the beginning, it is not possible for mankind to observe [music] every remote corner of the universe.

[00:02:24]Conversely, however, this circumstance also means that there are certain areas of the universe that we can see with the help of our modern technical equipment.

[00:02:33]This area that we can see from the Earth is commonly referred to as the observable universe.

[00:02:39]In some illustrations, that observable [music] universe is represented as a spherical structure.

[00:02:45]However, this geometric shape is due solely to the fact that the corresponding models place the Earth at the center as a kind of observer. The spherically depicted environment, therefore, only reflects the radius visible from the Earth and does not represent the actual shape of our universe.

[00:03:03]In principle, this scheme can be applied to any celestial body in our galaxy.

[00:03:09]The area that we can observe from our Earth is defined by the so-called event horizon.

[00:03:15]The event horizon describes in detail how far away an object in the universe may be from us so that we can just barely detect the light it emits.

[00:03:23]In the current models from the experts, this event horizon is estimated at a value of about 16.2 billion light-years.

[00:03:31]Due to the dynamics created by the steady expansion of the universe, some celestial bodies will become visible in the firmament in the future that we cannot see at present.

[00:03:42]However, current forecasts assume that we will never be able to see those objects that are behind the so-called Hubble radius from Earth as the expansion of the universe will cause the corresponding celestial bodies to move even further away from our blue home planet and thus from our field of vision.

[00:04:01]In addition, some objects that we can see from our planet today will disappear from our field of vision in the future.

[00:04:08]This can also be explained by [music] the progressive expansion of the universe.

[00:04:13]Does the universe have an edge?

[00:04:16]When we speak about our universe, space is commonly referred to as an infinitely large entity.

[00:04:23]Experts are convinced of the fact that the universe [music] is expanding steadily and at a rapid speed.

[00:04:30]This circumstance is accompanied by the question into which space the universe expands and whether this area is possibly limited.

[00:04:38]Is it possible then that the universe has some kind of edge?

[00:04:42]This is a question on which the world of researchers is divided.

[00:04:46]Put simply, the question could be asked whether there is a certain border point in the universe from which one can look beyond the boundaries of the visible universe to the area that is still hidden.

[00:04:58]If one would like to apply this metaphor to a situation that is comprehensible to us, one could imagine this circumstance as if our universe were a self-contained building.

[00:05:08]So, is there a window on the outer walls of this building through which you can look out?

[00:05:13]Most experts agree that this is not the case.

[00:05:16]The reason for this is the so-called cosmological principle, which states that the distribution of matter in our universe looks about the same when viewed from any area.

[00:05:27]In general, researchers believe that our universe is isotropic.

[00:05:31]Isotropy describes the directional independence of objects.

[00:05:35]This is the reason why experts largely rule out the possibility that the universe [music] has an edge.

[00:05:41]Accordingly, there is no point which clearly defines the end of our universe and from which one could look into the delimited area behind it.

[00:05:49]In order to visualize this fact, researchers like to compare the spatial nature of the universe with the surface of a balloon. If you were to place a small insect on such a balloon, it could run in every conceivable direction without ever coming up against a clearly defined edge.

[00:06:05]But how is it actually possible for the universe to expand continuously if it itself has no edge or end?

[00:06:13]For us humans, this question is so difficult to understand because we are used to thinking in those earthly dimensions that we find every day on our planet. In reality, however, the space in which the universe expands is not three-dimensional.

[00:06:27]There is therefore no delimited outer space [music] in the universe.

[00:06:31]In other words, this means that galaxies do not expand [music] within a predefined space. It is rather the space itself that expands.

[00:06:41]What is outside the observable universe?

[00:06:47]Now that we have briefly touched on the structural nature of the universe, let us return to our original question.

[00:06:53]What lies beyond the observable universe?

[00:06:56]With this question, experts naturally have to enter the field of speculation.

[00:07:01]Many researchers are of the opinion that the invisible universe is structured in much the same way as the observable universe.

[00:07:09]In view of this thesis already [music] presented, which states that the universe has no clearly defined edge and is practically infinite, this theory seems very plausible.

[00:07:19]This infinity of space simultaneously describes the fact that outside the visible universe, there are countless other stars, planets, and other celestial bodies.

[00:07:30]But this is only the tip of the iceberg.

[00:07:32]After all, we are dealing [music] with a never-ending area in which simply everything we know from our part of the galaxy can be found, and probably even much more.

[00:07:42]If one follows the thesis of infinity, then somewhere out there it is highly probable that for each of us there is an almost identical double which differs only [music] slightly from us.

[00:07:53]This thesis, advocated by some experts, appears to us at first glance to be unimaginable.

[00:07:59]In detail, however, this train of thought describes the true dimensions of infinity which many of us cannot comprehend.

[00:08:07]However, there are other theories within the scientific community that pursue the question of what lies beyond the observable universe.

[00:08:16]In 2008, some researchers were able to identify a very strange phenomenon in the firmament.

[00:08:23]Astronomers [music] witnessed how different galactic clusters were moving as one and in the same direction at enormous speed.

[00:08:31]This led experts to believe that behind the visible universe, there might be gigantic [music] structures that exert an unusually high gravitational influence on nearby objects.

[00:08:42]What these structures are in detail, however, is proverbially written in the stars.

[00:08:47]James Webb has discovered a huge cosmic structure that extends far beyond what astronomers previously [music] thought was real. The unexpected, gigantic, and on top of that, perfectly organized arrangement of galaxies could reveal urgent questions about the true nature of the universe. The discovery currently presents us with one question in particular. Is our cosmos [music] limited in time and space, or are time and space just illusions that have led to serious errors in the calculation of previous cosmology?

[00:09:19]The structure was found to exist in the early universe at a time when only small material objects and loose star [music] clusters or chaotic galaxies were likely to exist.

[00:09:29]In an initial statement, the scientist described [music] the structure as a cosmic wall or giant ring. The object extends over hundreds of millions of light [music] years and is far too large have formed in the short time since the Big Bang. This suggests that the new discovery once again challenges the boundaries of the previous [music] universe. Until now, astronomy assumed that the universe expanded in space beginning with the Big Bang. It expanded in space over [music] time. Within space, an evolutionary process took place that researchers, starting from the current state of the universe, have calculated backwards the help of formulas. For a long time, the formulas and the temporal calculation of the universe were the basis of our cosmology.

[00:10:15]Spatial processes were reconstructed on the basis of observations of matter and its behavior in [music] the cosmos.

[00:10:22]And outside the universe is practically nonexistent in [music] these calculations. There is neither a temporal before nor a spatial outside.

[00:10:31]However, the James Webb Space [music] Telescope has already observed several structures that, due to their age, size, [music] or degree of development, cannot exist within the old conceptual boundaries.

[00:10:44]The ring [music] speaks against the standard model of cosmology.

[00:10:48]According to the old theories, massive structures in the universe should form through a [music] slow evolution over many billions of years. But the structure that the JWST [music] has now found was created in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang. The JWST has already found unexpectedly large and old galaxies on several occasions. And these data already suggested that the early universe was much more structured than previously thought. Some scientists speculate that previously unknown physical processes could be responsible for these phenomena. If that is the case, we would need a different cosmological model to explain the discovery.

[00:11:29]Researchers are currently planning to use other telescopes to thoroughly [music] re-examine the area in which the ring was discovered in order to learn more about the true nature of this giant [music] structure. The circular structure of galaxies has been given the preliminary designation Cosmic Giant Ring. The ring has [music] a diameter of about 1.3 billion light-years and is located about 12 billion light-years from Earth. The giant ring appears to follow a previously unknown structure in the universe. Its uniform and round shape contradicts [music] current cosmological models. Similar giant structures are the Great Wall or the Boötes Void, but there galaxies usually occur in filament-like and thread-like structures. The ring structure could indicate an unknown cosmic interaction or a previously misunderstood physical phenomenon. Researchers speculate that the [music] ring was created either by shock waves in the early universe or by gravitational interactions. Neither of these would be [music] new explanatory approaches that would entail further corrections to our old physics.

[00:12:34]It is currently impossible to say where this development will lead. Since classical [music] physics is rather at a loss, quantum physicists have spoken up.

[00:12:43]In a recently published study, some researchers postulate that the ring could be a remnant of quantum fluctuations shortly after the Big Bang.

[00:12:52]The solution to the mystery remains exciting and, looking at all the impossibilities that the JWST has discovered so far, each fantastic discovery provides another piece of the puzzle [music] in a cosmic thriller that may give us a completely new world view.

[00:13:09]The giant ring and traces of an earlier universe.

[00:13:13]One of the most exciting hypotheses currently [music] being discussed by researchers is the possibility that the gigantic galaxy ring could be a relic of an earlier universe.

[00:13:23]This idea is closely related to the concept of cyclic [music] cosmology.

[00:13:28]This theory states that our universe did not come into being [music] from a one-time Big Bang, but is part of an endless cycle. A universe is born, expands, dies, and then arises [music] anew. Could the giant ring really be an imprint of this eternal cycle?

[00:13:44]Sir Roger Penrose of Britain says yes.

[00:13:47]He developed cyclic cosmology while studying anomalies in the cosmic background radiation, where he found traces of possible past universes.

[00:13:56]In Penrose's model, there is no absolute birth of a universe and no end, but eternal cycles.

[00:14:03]If this assumption is correct, we should be able to see further traces of these processes somewhere. And so far, an unusually large number of discoveries by the [music] James Webb Space Telescope have shown a strange conformity with Penrose's ideas. Whether it's the unusually evolved galaxies in the early universe or gigantic black holes, [music] and now the giant ring is joining them.

[00:14:26]Even formations like the Great Wall fit with the Nobel [music] Prize winner's ideas. Put simply, cyclic cosmology proposes that certain structures can be adopted from one universe [music] to another. This would mean nothing less than that an old universe is not completely destroyed and dies.

[00:14:44]Certain structures persist and are restored unusually quickly in a new cycle.

[00:14:49]The giant ring and other currently unexplainable structures could have emerged at a time when rules applied that were even more in line with [music] those of the old universe. It's possible that we have not yet properly imagined the transition from one universe to another, or that we are even dealing with the transition to a neighboring universe.

[00:15:09]The laws of time and space have not yet been sufficiently researched to be able to make any real statements here.

[00:15:16]We don't know whether time and space behave the same way throughout the [music] entire universe. The strange discoveries and a whole series of anomalies could point to exactly that.

[00:15:26]Time and space are not linear or not as deterministically [music] real as we previously thought.

[00:15:33]Does the giant ring lead us to the edge of reality?

[00:15:37]Imagine the ring as a gigantic necklace made of galaxy beads. Hundreds or thousands of galaxies have [music] organized themselves into a ring shape over a distance of more than a billion light-years.

[00:15:49]The structure resembles a perfect circle, which is an absolute exception within the known [music] universe.

[00:15:55]Usually, galaxies arrange themselves along thread-like filaments. This circle is not [music] only unusual, but so perfect, huge, and strange that it goes beyond everything that was previously known about the structure of the universe.

[00:16:09]Galaxies [music] are not randomly distributed within the ring, but follow such an amazingly symmetrical arrangement that one might think a previously unknown magic was at work.

[00:16:20]It is as if some great force had created a cosmic work of art out of galaxies.

[00:16:25]Scientists would now, of course, like to know who the artist is who created this ring.

[00:16:31]Basically, the arrangement once again brings our science to the edge of comprehensible [music] reality.

[00:16:37]There seems to be a force and a magic at play that research has so far escaped.

[00:16:42]The galaxies within the ring are no less [music] mysterious. Each is a massive collection of billions of stars and probably [music] each galaxy is home to dozens of phenomena that are new and alien. This overwhelming number of new phenomena and unexplainable facts can really push scientists to the edge of their [music] minds. At the moment, many long-established branches of science are struggling for explanations.

[00:17:07]But no sooner is a new model available than the James Webb telescope discovers the next impossibility. Even more puzzling than the sheer size and shape of the newly discovered structure is its location in the universe.

[00:17:20]It is an epoch when the universe was actually still too young to produce large numbers of organized [music] galaxies, a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Researchers suspected only a few confused star clusters and perhaps the first traces of an organization of star clusters [music] along the cosmic filaments. Currently, another exciting question remains unanswered.

[00:17:44]Is the giant ring actually a closed formation, or could it be that we only see part of it?

[00:17:50]The already incredible fact is further enhanced by the fact that scientists admit that they may have only recognized a small part of the formation so far.

[00:17:59]The ring could be much larger, or it could be part of a cluster of galaxies in the form of a ring.

[00:18:05]>> [music] >> This would mean that our research has penetrated into areas in which completely different [music] physical conditions may prevail.

[00:18:13]What if ring structures were more typical in the early universe than filamentary [music] structures or clusters in clusters?

[00:18:20]Perhaps the circular structure [music] is a legacy of an earlier universe or a regional whim of the nature of the universe.

[00:18:27]If this structure really extends beyond the edge of our visible universe, then we may only be seeing a section of a much larger [music] pattern.

[00:18:36]This pattern could be the threshold to another reality.

[00:18:39]It's striking that in the supposedly early universe, more and more facts suggest that the universe was not young at that point, or it was young and just worked differently than scientists [music] have calculated so far.

[00:18:51]Possibly, the universe was a bit crazy in its infancy.

[00:18:55]What is clear is that we are seeing facts, and that science has to accept that there are errors in the system [music] somewhere.

[00:19:02]Structures like the giant ring may offer us the first opportunity to look beyond our perceptual horizon and to recognize new facts and realities there. The James Webb Space Telescope [music] is one of the most important instruments in the search for the true origins and mechanisms of [music] the universe.

[00:19:20]The mission, which has been turning our science on its head for 2 years, may have already crossed the line between our old reality and new insights. The search for a truth has only just [music] begun, and the James Webb Space Telescope is providing new facts from the corners of the early universe every day that were not accessible before the mission. It may only be a matter of time before all the new puzzle pieces come [music] together to form a new world view. Click subscribe now and look forward to a lot of new videos.