Re NEET 2026 - Go ReFRESH | ZOOLOGY | AKM - Sir

Added: 2026-05-14

[00:00:00]Audible everyone.

[00:00:08]Hello students.

[00:00:11]Good evening. Good evening everyone.

[00:00:24]Okay students let's start.

[00:00:27]Okay. So actually uh we are going to revise today animal diversity NCERTT one by one command on NCERTT points. So let's start here animal diversity first of all what type of questions it is going to be asked questions it will be asked match the following example based image based maximum questions you see this year also it came match the following type. Yes good evening good evening everyone.

[00:00:55]Okay, first of all be energetic. Put your whole energy whatever energy you have in your topic in your subject. Okay. And yes, success is always always with you. Those who are doing hard work. Okay. Yes. Seat is for them completely reserved.

[00:01:15]No way. Seat is not not going to anyone else. It is only for you those who are hard workers. Okay. Let's start there.

[00:01:22]So here animal diversity our first topic it will be basis of classification basis of classification based points it will be conceptual remaining maximum other than this basis of classification other than this maximum points are related to ma portion example memorization portion okay so let's start this one if you have any doubt related to animal diversity related to zoolology here you type your message. Yes, we'll discuss that quickly and we'll solve that. Okay.

[00:01:59]Yes, let's start. Basis of classification. First point what I'm saying to basis of classification whatever question it will come it will be conceptual. So under basis of classification first point comes level of organization. Yes. Uh cellular level of organization, tissue level of organization, organ level of organization. As complexity of organism increases, level of organism increases and vice versa also you can say as level of organization increases complexity of organism increases. So first phylm orifera evolved from protozoans. So protozoa fililem from kingdom protista you'll get there.

[00:02:43]Cockroach is not there. Cockroach it is not in your syllabus. Don't worry don't touch cockroach now okay cockroach even if you want to touch my suggestion last 2 days last 2 days if you have okay at that time 15 20 minutes yes you give the time to cockroach and that also I'll suggest don't go for cockroach because cockroach it is deleted from your person it is not in NCERTT how they can ask so don't worry about that okay na people in their curriculum syllabus curriculum they have written cockroach in bracket insect Okay, this is mistake. They are doing it from last four years. Four years we are complaining. We are writing emails to them and they are not correcting that. Do you think those who can't correct one small error in their curriculum in their syllabus portion they can conduct this exam in a neat and clean way need is not going to be need by NTA. NT people they are not in need manner. NE need I'm saying leave it okay see what I can do what you can do that we will do okay and uh NT people they are not doing what thing it is assigned to them to them for what salaries they are getting they are not working for that leave it leave that person please come to this yes let's see level of organization in level of organization you have to Remember one one uh point that first time in case of animal diversity cellular level of organization it came in polyifera after pifera celentr and tenophora you'll get tissue level of organization and in platelment you'll get organ level why I'm saying organ level come to this not organ system again I'm saying in platyhelment not organ system organ level here you Platty helmentis here exhibit organ level example here written platy helmentis NCRT surgery here you come platty helmentis directly jump to film platyhelment platyhelment here written organ level it is organ level not organ system again I'm saying not organ system when you'll go to summary table summary table it is mentioned organ system just neglect that summary table how it is possible organ and organ system both organ system just neglect this okay It is not organ system. It is just organ only organ. Not organ and organ system only organ. Okay. Organ system first time in eskmentis. First time if it is asked helmentis. Okay.

[00:05:54]Don't worry. Okay. You are getting correct information. Organ first time in platis. Which organ? Protonia.

[00:06:03]Okay. Which cells? It will be flame cells. That we'll discuss in upper portion. Please come to again basis of classification.

[00:06:18]Basis of classification level of organization. This one you have to focus what I said. Okay. Level of organization.

[00:06:25]First point I said this uh organ organ system confusion. Then come to organ level you'll get platilmentis organ system as helmentis and after that all you'll get organ system means as element is up to cordita all they have organ system means higher level of organism then come to symmetry symmetry you have two types of symmetry symmetrical and symmetrical symmetrical means exactly no symmetry absence of symmetry body is not having any particular symmetry So uh you cut the body you cut with imaginary plane the body it will not divide into two equal halves you'll get unequal halves from where you'll cut from body axis central body line and if you'll cut you'll not get two equal halves you'll get unequal halves first point if you'll get equal halves symmetrical no equal halves or symmetrical okay then inymmetrical quick revision Bilateral and radial. Bilateral radial. Radial is primitive. Bilateral is advanc. Yes. Radial you'll get from cylinder tenophora and laral form of echinodermata. Celentra tenophora laral form of echinodermata and some sponges. Some sponges. So when films will revise at the time also I'll repeat this. Don't worry. So radial symmetry cylinda t04 are some sponges maximum sponges they come under or symmetrical maximum means film character or symmetrical the specific character symmetrical radial symmetry in polifera.

[00:08:12]All poliference are radally symmetrical.

[00:08:14]No some poliference are radally symmetrical. Yes. Leave it. Go to bilateral. Okay. Starting from platyhelment.

[00:08:23]Starting from platty helment is up to corda all are bilaterally symmetrical starting from yes yes yes I'll explain that also don't worry platy helment up to cordita all are bilateral okay and laral here laral echinodermata is exception laral echinodermata is exception adult echinodermata here laral echinodermata is exception Not not that laral echinodermata is radial.

[00:08:56]Platial element to cordata adult echinodermata is exception. Adult echinodermata is radially symmetrical.

[00:09:08]So it is exception means during laral st echinodermates are bilateral. Laral st if you are confused you can write here laral echinodermita also. Okay I'm not writing here. Note just words I'm writing, letters I'm writing for quick understanding. Okay.

[00:09:27]Laral echinodermates are bilaterally symmetrical and adult are radally symmetrical. So this is about symmetry.

[00:09:35]Go to open circulation and closed circulation. Open circulation, closed circulation. How to remember for exam?

[00:09:40]Very simple way. I'll say you remember just example of closed circulating system. Don't remember any example of open. Don't remember. I'm saying remember only examples of closed.

[00:09:51]Remaining all left is of open. So close circulatory system. First example analytes. Analites they have closed circulatory system except leech. Here exception is leech. In leech leech there is open circul circulatory system. All analids they have closed leech exception. Then cifallalop molesk higher mollusk. Higher mollusk.

[00:10:19]Sephalopod molesk higher molesque they have closed circulatory system. What do you mean by sephalopod moles? Sephalopod molllesk or higher mollusk means octopus and squid group. Octopus and squid this is syphalo their head. Sephalon head and yes they have pa limbs here limbs attached to their head reason. So they are called syphalo ports. Sifallo ports eight limbs. Okay ports they have what?

[00:10:47]Sephalo ports. What they have? Okay, close circulating system octopus and squid group. Then come to vertebra vertebbrates and syphalo cordates. uh this is sephalo puda molesk higher molesque and I'm writing here sephalo corda cc syphalo cordita and vertebraa and vertebbrate vertebbrate they have closed circulatory system vertebrae they have closed circulatory system cordate they have closed circulatory system remaining all open remaining all open okay everyone adult form is radial Yes, adult canoddermates are radial. Penta radial in radial penta radial.

[00:11:33]Uh reinit exam date we can't say but okay maybe 14th maybe 21st of June.

[00:11:40]Okay. Uh this is just uh uh one guess.

[00:11:46]You can't confirm now. Wait for NTA or government authorities to announce it.

[00:11:52]Okay. You just do your work. Okay. Don't wait for don't wait for their announcement that they'll announce according to that I'll prepare okay you do your work be advanced in your work okay so mentally you get prepared yes one question came here radial uh you told primitive means what sir radial is primitive character and bilateral is advanced character so how to understand this okay if you'll see phylm list in phylm list. This is porifera, celentraa, tenopora, platialis, asielmentis, anilita, arthropoda, mulusa, echinodermata, hemicorda, cordata. Please come here.

[00:12:44]Pipera it is oy symmetrical maximum and some are radially symmetrical. So you see symmetry it is evolving from oy symmetrical to radially symmetrical.

[00:12:57]Then here also radially symmetrical.

[00:13:02]Here also radially symmetrical. Here also radially symmetrical. Here it gone up to this bilaterally symmetrical.

[00:13:14]All are bilaterally symmetrical. All bilaterally symmetrical inodharma their larae it is having bilaterally symmetrical. Yes but adult gone radial then here also bilaterally symmetrical.

[00:13:31]So what you understood that oy symmetrical is most primitive character.

[00:13:35]Primitive means back previous. Okay. And advance means what it came in evolution.

[00:13:43]Okay. But here you see Larae is having advanced character but the adult body is having radial character. This type of evolution or change is called retrogressive progressive retrogressive. So this is progressive the here evolution wise you'll see advancement advancement advancement here in kinodermatita you will see advancement only in larva but adult showing again primitive character. It is called retrogressive. Metamorphosis.

[00:14:14]Okay. Retrogressive means what? Moving back. Going back. That's called retrogressive. And metamorphosis.

[00:14:21]Change. Body shape change body pattern change is called metamorphosis.

[00:14:25]Retrogressive metamorphosis.

[00:14:27]Remember this one. Ein order made this.

[00:14:29]So retrogressive metamorphosis. Leave it. Move to next portion.

[00:14:34]Okay. Symmetry. Done. Go to diploastic.

[00:14:37]Tripolastic. Diploastic. Tripoloplastic.

[00:14:39]Okay. According to filmm sequence cylentraa tenophora celentra and tenophora celentrates and tenophorans they have diploastic condition means two germ layer then pyhelment up to cordates they have three germ layers. So in two germ layers ectoderm and inderm. In case of three germ layers ectoderm inderm innermost one endoderm and middle one is misoderm. Middle one misoderm. Okay. Three germ layers. Three germ layers. Remember next topic is sylom. And selom.

[00:15:24]What is primary symmetry of echinodormates? Primary symmetry of econiderodmate is if you'll see primary symmetry word it will not come like this but primary symmetry if it is asked you have to say they're their laral symmetry in metamorphosis they become radial so primarily they are bilateral primarily they are bilateral okay come to this echinodermita uh sorry echinod I'm saying ectodorm indomormism misodorm we are discussing it came in platy helmentis up to cordata and misodm is very very important for sylum formation no misodum no sylom remember this so that's why phylm porifera first phylm priera seleneta tenophora no chance of selom next topic I'm saying we are discussing exactly here diploastlastic tripoplastic I'm linking diploastic tripoplastic to silom conditions okay yes hello yes uh dhvat anita you are asking something uh sir also said Narendra sir also said panser also said but don't see what people they are saying sir but people were saying that re 2026 will be on 14th June does it impact anything in your life 14th June or 21st June or tomorrow if tomorrow then Yes, start preparing today. If on 14th June then also start preparing today. Why you people are jumbling sir when there will be really neat exam? It is called distraction.

[00:17:05]This is called distraction. You are not focused on your topic what it is required to write your neat exam. You are busy in preparing for date. Date doesn't matter date it is on 14th or 15th or 21st or any day.

[00:17:30]What? Whoever be responsible for this, they'll be punished by judicial system.

[00:17:35]Leave it. Please focus here. Leave all these things. Focus on zoologology.

[00:17:40]Okay. Zoologology. This one. It will help in solving questions. Who did who lead you of the question paper? Who did what? Okay. It will not help in solving you of the next paper. You do your work.

[00:17:51]Please focus here. So porifera celentita tinoa no chance of misodom. So no chance of sylum no chance of misodom. So no chance of sylum. No misodom no sylum.

[00:18:01]Sylum sylom formation requires misod misodom presence. So here oelomate please go to nc yellow patch page number 50 49 page number 49 yellow patch and what I'm highlighting please see there oelometer.

[00:18:18]Oilomea or silomea. So these three film there is no chance of misodorm. So no sylum remember no misoderm no silo no misodum no sillom. So pipera seleneta tinoora no no misodum. So nosom. So how will you conduct mock test to online students?

[00:18:43]Please reply. So actually mock test will be conducted by app. Our goalites app is there. You'll get details of that if your first time on online uh goales app or first time. So all it will be explained to you. Don't worry about that. Okay.

[00:19:01]So you you can call you can uh understand the whole process to admin people. Admin people each and everything they'll explain how to attend classes, how to attend your exam there. Okay. How to collect notes there. Okay.

[00:19:18]Please focus it. Huh? So ocillometa ocelometer here no chance of misodum. So no selom here misodum came platty element is misodum first time came but no splitting. So our next topic is selom please. So to understand selom. What is selom? Sylum is the body cavity formed by splitting of misodum. When misodorm splits into two separate layers internal cavity is known as selom. This is called silo.

[00:19:49]This portion is called selomo. So this selom it is absent in this condition.

[00:19:54]Absent in this condition. We'll discuss these two also. So in this conditions selom form is formed by splitting of misodm. These two layers are misodermal layers. Okay. In this there is misodm.

[00:20:07]In this there is misodm. But in diploastic condition there is no misod.

[00:20:11]So no in case of remember here in case of this diagram platty helment is they have three germ layer this one this one this one can you see three layers yes three layers are present but there is no splitting of misodomor so condition is oyomate so condition is oelomate condition this is over in this condition pseudocate example eskehelment This pseudoate means yes misodomor splitted underline please your NCRT this line scattered pouches in between the ectodorm and indoor scattered pouches same line it will be there in your questions don't worry same line assert and reason question or match the following question scattered pouches scattered pouches of misoderm these are scattered pouches means they are not separating properly so What cavity formed is called pseudoc is called pseudoc. Clear everyone?

[00:21:23]Okay. Then this is endoderm. This is body wall and this is gut going to be your digestive tract. In exam if they asked in exam if they ask this diagram is cross-section of your answer gastula remember it is gastula cross-section gastula cross-section.

[00:21:56]Okay good very good gastula cross-section. So here how to remember this example Saleom Platy Helmentis. How to remember this example? Just you remember your state name. AP Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh. Oilomate Platy helaments. Oilomate. Just reverse it. Reverse it. P A PL. This one is pseudocyom as helment.

[00:22:23]Apa. Remember if you're confused between asylths and platis example remember a PA.

[00:22:31]APA.

[00:22:36]Okay.

[00:22:40]Good evening. Good evening. Ch. Here you come. So silomit done. Now example of selomides from ana to corda. Anelita to cord. Anelita or arthropod molasa.

[00:22:56]Echinodermita hemicorda. Cordata. Last year one question came out of NCERTT related to CEO CEO. So if cizilom again it is coming suppose suppose it is again came last year I'm saying not this year this year zero questions from out of NCERTT person zero questions okay so if couilyum again it is coming or interosylum word coming remember ana arthropoda you can write it example anala arropoda mlesca these three are under silom couilo under silom couilo or I'll give you this screenshot also you can take one uh image I'll display here that screenshot you can copy screenshot you can take from your screen just give me one Right.

[00:24:19]Take the screenshot of this.

[00:24:27]Yes. Sylum is formed by splitting of misodum.

[00:24:37]Non-go lights can attempt the exam and classes in app. So actually nonglates yes you can attempt exact uh when you are paying the fee uh whatever fee it is decided there it's a small amount then yes you can uh attempt the class you can attempt all the exams it'll be basic it'll be normal fee nominal fee okay so this is screenshot I Hope you have taken please take this screenshot also please fast students kingdom animeia if screenshot done then I'll explain again app classes are not active now those who are waiting for classes on screenshot cannot be taken sir Okay, no problem. No problem. Okay, no problem. You can write uh this one or you can watch it again because this video it will be available on uh YouTube. So later on also you can watch it and you can check it. Okay. So platty elementa okay protoate leave it. Protostomia utrotoate it will take much time to explain. Leave it. Last year question came related to cisocyom analid or arthopod molaska or cizocyomate insylum there is a type couilo means sylum formed by separation of misodum and interocillum means interosylom it comes from interro this one intero interosylom means sylom formed from gut pouches formed from gut pouches is yes from of gut wall not gut wall gut pouches gut pouch not a scattered pouches NCRT what it is written scattered pouches they are talking about this scattered pouches is related to sk elementis okay now and gut pouches inon means exactly gut this is separation cyo means separation so this one you keep it move to Next slom understanding done segmentation.

[00:27:11]Segmentation means what? Body segmentation. When body segmentations they repeat in whole body multiple times it is called metamearization or segmentation. Metamorization or segmentation means what? What do you mean by metamorization or segmentation?

[00:27:30]For example, when you'll see this type of condition, repetition of body units, it is called segmentation. For example, in anales, you can see body is segmented. In arthropodence, you can see body is segmented. In our body also ribs are segmented. Internally ribs are repeated.

[00:27:56]Okay? You can see abdominal muscles are repeated. Vertebral column backbone vertebral column backbone it is repeated. It is called segmentation. So when it repeats it is called metamorization.

[00:28:09]It is called metamorization.

[00:28:12]And when it is repeated but it is not true. It is called pseudomameization.

[00:28:19]Only metamorization in three films. In three films there is metamorization.

[00:28:25]Philem ana filmm orthopod filmm cordata three fililem only remember metamorization present only in three filylm in one phylm few members in one film few members pseudomaris tape warm tape warm just this much so metamorization hope you understood metamor segmentation metamorization segmentation is also known as metamorization okay not cordto is what it is solid rod like structure of your embroinic body. This is embroinic body.

[00:29:04]Here it is present. This is not dorsal side of vententral side. Dorsal side.

[00:29:09]This is dorsal side. This is ventral side. Here is mouth and this is an suppose mouth. Two anus. This is head and this is tail. So in this diagram you can check post anal tail also this is head mouth and here there'll be vententral heart. So noto cord is solid rodl like structure present on dorsal side of body misodermally derived and it provides support to soft embroenic body. soft embroic body when we are tiny in our mother's womb at that time only this notto cord only gives us support at that time if not cordod present animals are called cordids if it is not present animals are called non-corditates so out of your total films what you are studying all are non-corditates except cordates cordates are cordates non-corditates are non-corditates very simple notocord present so cordate notocord not present so non-cord Cordate cordates are uh cordata fililem non-cordates are pipera two kinodermita no hemi cordodata okay this is not incorrect what it is written in ncrt is not incorrect but not complete it is incomplete information so don't solve question based on this don't say that sir in ncrt written polifera till echinodermita are non-corditates hemicorda is also non-corditates so pipera till till echinodermita Plus here hemmiordita also you can write plus hemi cordoda plus hemi cordita you can mention there it is not incorrect it is incomplete so you please add extra there hemi cordita now voice audible audible everyone audible audible audible Hello.

[00:31:18]Yes, audible.

[00:31:20]Okay, please. So, not cord. Everyone done?

[00:31:23]Notocord. Everyone done? Please. Now, classification of animals. Nottoodord points. You have to remember that piper till hemicordita not up to echinodermatita up to hem classification of animals. So this one we'll discuss one by one here a polyifera mainly NCERTT lines and examples are important. So first pria examples we'll deal with with diagram remember always with diagram. So diagram number one it is skya or cyclone keep it in your brain sky simplest sponge simplest sponge.

[00:32:04]Then second one is you spongia. Use spongia is bath sponge. Use spongia.

[00:32:11]Bath sponge. Yes. We'll try to give you you people all assignments and all these on uh your app. Maximum things it will be available on app. Don't worry about that. Okay. Please focus on studies please. This is spongila. Freshwater sponge. This is freshwater sponge.

[00:32:29]Marine water. Marine water. Spongula.

[00:32:31]Use spongilia. Cyclone or Skyifa. Okay everyone first film. Now characters body it is having two layers. No tissue level only cellular level. Body two layers are pinakoderm and coanoderm.

[00:32:47]Pinacoderm is outer body layer. Then coanodderm is inner body layer. In between pinakodorm and kuanoderm you'll get here misoga. Misoga contains some amiboid cells. So it is also known as misohil or misocime. You can neglect it.

[00:33:04]This is pinino PD. I'm writing. This is coanodorm. CD I'm writing. Pinoakodorm coanodorm.

[00:33:11]Body contains numerous pores called oa.

[00:33:14]Body contains numerous tiny tiny pores called oa. Then central cavity spongio seal. Then upper opening called oculum through water enter through osteia. then go to it goes to spongosil spongil to osculum out okay now function of this system this whole system inner side you'll get collar cells like this some cells this is one collar cellar cell is flagagillated or celated in exam they'll ask these are flagagillated cell but don't miss this collage cell is celated cell or flagagillated Caller cell A is celated cell or flagated cell.

[00:34:03]No answer. No reply.

[00:34:08]Hello.

[00:34:12]Flagagillated. Yes. Good. Good. Thank you. Flagagillated. Yes. It will be asked. Flagillated. Then they form one layer. Kuano sides. They form one layer.

[00:34:22]Kuano dump. Okay. Okay. Late reply it is coming. Then come to they form water canal system. Water canal system. Last year water vascular system based question came. This year high chance suppose water canal system question came. Water canal system functions. Can you say water canal system function fast? Water canal system functions.

[00:34:48]Water canal system functions functions. Food capturing or food gathering then respiration then excretion and one more gam transport.

[00:35:02]Remember this food capturing respiration excretion gamt transport transport of gases that is exchange of gases food respiration excretion. One more you can add gamt transport sperm transport sperm transport.

[00:35:17]This is over. Okay.

[00:35:20]Go to cylinder.

[00:35:22]Cintterate. Sil interrator.

[00:35:25]Cintenterator means sill means cavity.

[00:35:27]Interone means intestine. Their intestine. These animals intestine is in the form of cavity.

[00:35:35]So here this is intestine and it is form form of one bag that's called cylinder.

[00:35:40]Move next here. Most important is cylinderates. They have two body forms.

[00:35:46]Two body forms are medusa and polip.

[00:35:49]Polip changes to medusa. Medusa changes to polip. This is called alternation of generation. Alternation of generation.

[00:35:56]It is unique characteristic of celentrates. But remember but remember it is not present in all members. It is not present in all members. Yes they have neidoblast cells. One of the unique feature. Here you come phylm cylindra.

[00:36:13]Some members they have alternation of generation. Take your pen pencil underline and write there. Okay, that in example list you will get ficelia. So on fiselia top you can write M and P.

[00:36:29]M for medusa and polip means ficelia it shows medusa as well as polip. Oelia oelia also it shows medusa and poly pmmp anything you can write. Then go to Orurelia. Here you'll get the example.

[00:36:46]Orurelia. Aurelia shows only medusa. No polip. Only medusa. No polip. Adamsia.

[00:36:56]Okay. This is for oelia. This PM word is for oelia. Now I'm writing for adamsia.

[00:37:03]Adamsia only polip.

[00:37:06]Okay. Adamsia. See an enemy. See an enemy only and only polip. Penula.

[00:37:13]Penula only polip. Cen only poly polip.

[00:37:17]Gorggonia only polip. Menendrina brain coral only poly. Please go through this very very important. Okay. Then question comes student they ask sir uh hydra is motile or cesile. Fast fast first fast you answer please. Hydra is motile or cesile. First answer I want.

[00:37:39]You can write M or S. No need to write the complete motile or socile.

[00:37:46]Hydraicile motile. Ciccile motile.

[00:37:53]Only few people they are saying motile.

[00:37:55]Okay. Maximum you are saying SS.

[00:37:58]Okay. Sorry. Hydra is motile. Hydra is motile. Okay. Stop. Stop your comments.

[00:38:04]Okay. Listen carefully. Listen carefully. Read this line. Okay. Read this line carefully.

[00:38:10]Okay, here you read the former Nidarians exhibit two basic body forms called polip and medusa. Okay, the former is cesile. Yes, which one is cesile? Polip is cesile. Cylindrical. Yes. Form like hydra. Yes. Hydra is polip. Hydra is cylindrical but hydra is not ceile.

[00:38:35]Hydra is exceptionally motile written in NCERTT. I'm not saying out of NCERTT all from NCERTT only hydra is motile it is exceptionally motile member of poly it is exception it is motile remember it okay in locom motion and movement chapter hydra mentioned as motile read ncrt you people okay blindly just by this line you are saying that yesile hydra is house of exception hydra is house of exception three three exceptions it is carrying Polip it is member of polip but hydra other members other family members they show polip and medusa both in hydra in hydra other members hydrozoa members hydrosoa members polip medus are both present but in hydra only poly present in hydra only poly present first point first exception all polyp are cesile hydra is motile second exception all polip medusa sewing members hydrosoa members they are marine hydra is fresh water. So hydra contains three three exception. Remember this hydra is motile. Yes, hydra is motile. Ramcharan hydra is motile. You can reconfirm it chapter locomotion and movement introduction where it is given silary movement frail movement. Okay. Tactile movement there you can check hydraotile points are mentioned there. But please come to example is done.

[00:40:03]Diploastic triplastic you can understand hyposm lower mouth. Hypostorm means mouth will be lower lower side. Remember hyposm characteristic related to celenta. Jump to please. Tenophora.

[00:40:15]Tenophora.

[00:40:16]Okay.

[00:40:18]Tenophora.

[00:40:20]Maximum characteristics. Copy paste from cylinda. Tino. Tino means calm. Tino.

[00:40:27]Everyone audible voice audible. Tino means calm for a beering. First file. Okay.

[00:40:36]Poorbearing animals. This one is combearing animal. So on body you'll see eight celiary complates. Again here celiary. So if comp plate if you draw here you'll see fine fine fine fine celiary cells and there'll be celia. So how many eight how many complates? Eight celiary complates. M up this one eight celiary complate animals. Okay.

[00:41:03]characteristics it will be maximum matching with your uh cylindricates four exceptional points I'll say here these four points you will get only or exclusively to uh tenophora exclusively when I'm saying means uh it will not deviate means all members of tenophora they'll follow that property okay so all members of tenophora they are marine exclusively marine then All members of tenophora they so biioilluminous bioluminescence.

[00:41:39]All members of tenophora are carnivore.

[00:41:42]All are carnivore. None of them are hervivore. And they have exclusively sexually reproducing feature. No sexual reproduction. Only sexual reproduction in case of t4a.

[00:41:57]Okay.

[00:42:01]Okay. Yes.

[00:42:04]Uh video stuck due to internet problem in your area but here it is all okay.

[00:42:11]Here internet is okay. Here video it is not stuck. So don't worry. Just check your uh carnivore point. It is not mentioned in NCERT. Don't worry. Okay. But remember it but keep it in your brain. These four points they are completely marine.

[00:42:30]Olaarine okay biolinsson all they show okay they exclusively all they are carnivore okay and yes they have only sexually reproducing members they don't have any tentacle for stinging they don't have neidolast cells what we studied in previous film but neidoblast similar cells are present here stinging feature- like cells are present called lasso cells not mentioned in NCERT but remember yes they can sting yes they can sting with their lasso cells with their lassos cells.

[00:43:05]Okay. Okay.

[00:43:08]Yes. They are floating animals. They float on surface. Two examples you have to mug up. Plurankia and tenopla.

[00:43:16]Plurobankia. Tenoplan. C silent.

[00:43:19]Remember C silent. C silent. Here C notinophora. Don't call it sitenophora.

[00:43:25]It is tenophora.

[00:43:27]Okay. And this is not citino plan. It is tenopl.

[00:43:32]Please move to platyhelment. Platy helment is dorso vently flattened body.

[00:43:37]Flat worms. Dorso vently flattened body flat worms. Okay.

[00:43:46]Then go to body. Dorso ventil flattened. Helmans they are. So maximum members of this group they are parasite maximum are indoparasites. Remember indoparasite means inside body ectoparasite means outside body. So these are endoparasites. These are indoparasites.

[00:44:08]One minute.

[00:44:31]H here sexes are separate. Sexes are not uh separate. Sorry, sexes are not separate. Remember this fertilization is internal and development is through many laral stages. So many laral stages means sexes are not separate. Hermaphoride fertilization is internal development is through many laral stages means many multiple laral stages they have. First example you go tenasolium and fasca hippatica. Tenasolium intestine gut parasite. Okay. Or also known as porcape form. Facial hypata also known as liver flu. Okay. Liver flu they infect your bile duct. Okay. liver area and gallbladder.

[00:45:18]Primary function of flem cells excretion but what is the primary function of flame cells? It'll come don't worry for primary function of stem flame cells excretion but in excretary system chapter if you're asking this question I'll say osmo regulation primary function it comes excretion is also osmo regulation excretion is also part of osmo regulation but but when we say osmo regulation it is mainly based on salt water balancing salt water balancing got it bacha H some members like pleneria posess high regeneration capacity high regeneration capacity means if you'll cut yes they'll grow again and again what is the primary function of flame cells I said yes okay rajiswari rajiswari you got it my answer there is no coloblast Coloblast where you studied coloblast cells are not there anywhere.

[00:46:28]Okay. Tenia solium facial hypatica and pleneria. Three examples you need to remember from this film. Three examples I said pleneria free living. Okay.

[00:46:38]Tenosolium fasa hypatica. Okay.

[00:46:41]Remaining you can read you can understand. One more line that they absorb they absorb some of them absorb nutrient from host directly through body surface. Yes, they don't have mouth. In case of parasitic forms, they don't have mouth. They don't have digestive system.

[00:46:59]So how they survive? They survive directly absorbing food material from the surrounding because they are gut parasite. In your gut already glucose amino acid it is present and if this is parasite so they'll absorb directly amino acid and glucose through their body.

[00:47:19]Yes. Yes. Yes. This is complete. Go to asi element. Ask helmetis platy helmentis again 90% of the features characters it will match. It will be same same similar similar. So as helment is round warm. Okay. If you'll cut their body, you'll get round cross-section.

[00:47:40]First time sex is here separate.

[00:47:42]Previous film sex is not separate here.

[00:47:44]Separate male body different, female body different. You can separate them by their external features. This is called sexual dimmorphism present. Remember this sexual dimmorphism present here. This is body. The cordal end of male. It will be curved. It will be pointed, curved, cordal and curved. Remember it in your brain. And you'll get here penile spule.

[00:48:14]Penile spule is copyary organ in male.

[00:48:18]In female many student they get confused sir. This is curved one. This is not curved one. Just to keep two diagrams together. Yes it is kept folded here.

[00:48:29]But exactly female is long. Male is small. Male is having curved tail, curved cordal in easy. This one you need to remember. Okay. In case of as helmetis, yes, there'll be in as helmet there'll be pseudoid curved and short than female. Yes, curved and shorter than female. Very good. Correct.

[00:48:52]Now come to this round worms. Round worms. They have first time digestive system, complete digestive system.

[00:49:00]remember organ system first time and yes they have complete digestive system with muscular fings. So they have mouth, they don't have teeth, they don't have buckle cavity. So how they'll eat, how they'll keep their food in their digestive tract. So they suck food with the help of muscular fairings. The fairings it is muscular. Remember this excretory system it is same as previous film protonia.

[00:49:30]Latihelment is also proto nephridia excrety organ. Askelment is also protonia.

[00:49:39]In a platelment protonia is formed by flame cells. In case of asihelment protonia is formed by renit cells. Don't remember this. Just remember that yes both they have protonia.

[00:49:55]One is primitive one is advanced comparatively but both they have same function. Both they have same function.

[00:50:02]One is made up of flame cells. One is made up of renit cells. Very good. Renit cells. Renit cells. Then after this after plate helment eskenthis it will come analida vbacha. Then it will come arthropo arropoda.

[00:50:19]Anelida then it will come arthropoda.

[00:50:21]Analida only evolve to maska. So please pay attention here. Your attention required. Here you got protonfredia.

[00:50:29]Protonferredia. Analida you'll get nephridia and in arropoda just neglect for 2 minutes. Molasa you'll get metania. Can you see evolution here?

[00:50:39]Proton nephridia nephridia metapia protonia nephidia metanidia protonia nephridia metanidia. Protonia platis ascalment. Anelida nephridia. So nephridia is unique characteristics of analida. Metanidia. Molascan kidney is known as metanidia. Mlescan kidney is metanidia. Mollescan kidney metania.

[00:50:58]Molascan kidney metanaphridia. Okay.

[00:51:02]Flame cells are excrety organ in platial helilment.

[00:51:07]Renate cells are excrety organ or excretory cells not organ excretory cells in asihelment. Okay. No need to remember about renate cells and flame cells. Just remember flame cells are present in protonia. That is sufficient for your questions to solve. Okay. So arthropod here I've written arthropoda they don't have metanidia but they have malpigian tibules they are having malpigian tubules but move to examples of aselmentis first examples escaris lumbriccoid this is only ascaris lumbrioids ascaris lumbricoids causes escariasis disease escarasis disease yes renet cells are h shape okay escaris lumbriccoids causes escariosis is intestine infection. Then which area in human health and disease you have studied about which area bankrofty which malai they cause fileasis disease or elephantiosis disease orasis disease. But worm flat uh sorry round worm causes okay elephant limb like structure swollen limb okay elephantiosis. Then go to encyclostoma hookworm. Encyclosto hookworm based.

[00:52:23]Many questions are coming. Student they get confused. Encyclo and cyclloto.

[00:52:29]Encycltoma and cycllotoma. And cycloto is round. Cycllostoma is cordata.

[00:52:34]Cycllotoates are cordates circular mouth organisms. Please move to next film.

[00:52:40]Anita anales are analids. Analits are having r ring like body segments. ring ring ring ring like body segments that's why called tan analita and you learn anita coming from annularn okay some are marine some of terrestrial moist terrestrial animals some are marine some are moist terrestrial some are in fresh water marine example there is moist terrestrial example earth warm and fresh water is leech okay so Let's count one by one. We'll discuss. Yes, they have body segments. Body segments are true. So true metamorization. They have moist skin for respiration. We'll discuss all. Don't worry. Here you come.

[00:53:26]Okay. Here an elites they have ring-like body.

[00:53:33]Three groups I said one living in marine condition, one living in fresh water, one living in moist soil.

[00:53:41]So they exhibit true organ system. Yes.

[00:53:45]They exhibit true selom first time. Yes they exhibit first time closed circulatory system. First time closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory system first time. But leech is exception.

[00:54:01]Leech is it comes in exception condition. Don't consider leech as closed circulatory system. Leech open.

[00:54:09]But philem if it is as phylm shows closed circulatory system. Okay.

[00:54:16]Next you go here parapodia meaning if I'll explain parapodia of neries these are called parapodia. This triangular structure what you can see para para means parallel parallel left right parallel.

[00:54:33]Podia podia means limbs pseudopodia.

[00:54:35]Parapodia pseudopodia in amoea here.

[00:54:38]Parapodia remember parapodia helps in locomotion and it helps in respiration also locomotion and respiration.

[00:54:46]Parapodia helps in locomotion and respiration. Parapodia which helps in swimming and as well as excretion sorry respiration also. Okay. Closed circulatory system. Yes. Nefridia. Okay.

[00:54:59]Here nefridia came platis as helment. We studied proton nephridia in analida. Now we are studying nephridia. A nephridia in molaska you'll get metania means protonia simple nefridia advanced metanidia more advanced. Okay then metananyia osmo regulation and excretion excretion is a broad word.

[00:55:25]Excretion means removal of waste.

[00:55:27]Removal of waste when osmo regulation word is coming. So osmo regulation is a narrow word compared to excretion. So some of the organs they do only osmo regulation. When osmo regulation is going on this is also excretion. Okay.

[00:55:45]When excretion we are saying yes in excretion also there is osmo regulation.

[00:55:51]But osmo regulation is you can say salt water balancing. And in excretion yes salt water is balanced. In excretion excretion is advanced. Yes. In excretion more and more waste materials are eliminated from body more and more things are eliminated from body ura ammonia according to type of animal type of habitat but in osmo regulation it is related only to water and salt only water and salt not related to other things. Okay, please come to this one.

[00:56:24]Here you come this line. Neural signal, neural system consist of paired ganglia. Paired ganglia means when nervous system of analytes when you'll analyze this is paired ganglia. They they have two nerve cord and the nerve cord is having dot dot these structures called paired ganglia. Every area you'll get a paired ganglia like this. And these paired ganglas are connected just like ladder paired ganglia okay by lateral nerve connected by lateral nerve. So this is one ganglia.

[00:56:59]This is one ganglia paired and they're connected by what? Lateral nerve. The middle one is lateral nerve. This is what how many chords how many lines you can see two. So here what it is written double vententral. This is vententral side. Remember all invertebrates they have all invertebrates. All non-cordates they have vententral side nervous system. All cordates they have dorsal side nervous system. We are cordates we have dorsal side nervous system. Remember lateral appendages someone is asking very good good question. Lateral append this is a lateral appendages. Lateral side what limbs are present called lateral appendages. Very good. Very good. Move next. Double vententral.

[00:57:38]Clear everyone. This line please check.

[00:57:41]Clear. N is aquatic form. Dios. Yes, remember maximum members of this film are monosius are monosius maximum members like earthworm leeches they are monosius but neris is diosius many of you you are making wrong from this line okay neris is diosius means two sexes male female separate but in case of perthema atwam it is monosius bisexual okay hudinaria bisexual means monosius Okay. And diosius means unisexual.

[00:58:16]Okay. Remember this. No larvae in case of an elites. But in case of neris group members nis larae present. Nice l present and nis group larae present.

[00:58:28]Remember this larae in nis group. In nis larva present. Arthropoda. Arthropoda largest film with largest class insect.

[00:58:38]Largest film. Arthropoda, kitenous body, kitenous body, then appendages coming out from thorax.

[00:58:51]Generally body is having three areas.

[00:58:54]Head, thorax, abdomen.

[00:58:57]Appendages they come out from thorax reason. Body covered with kitenous exoskeleton.

[00:59:05]Yes. And then over 23 of all named species on earth are arthropod. 23 means every three animals okay or species means animal and plants two are arthropodans means they have huge number huge number of species in this in biodiversity chapter also you studied this. Yes among 10 seven are arthropods.

[00:59:29]Very good. Head, thorax and abdomen present. Jointed appendages present.

[00:59:34]That's why I call arthropoda. Arthro means jointed poda means poda limbs. So when you'll see the limbs you'll see like this segments.

[00:59:44]So these are what? Joint joints. So they have jointed appendages. Jointed appendages.

[00:59:54]Okay. Uh Jani Pasc as s these are sangui wars. Sangui wars if you people don't know sangui wars if you don't know please listen sangui wars means blood sucking animals leech group are sangui wars RC full form RC where we discussed by RC full form where RC we discussed anywhere Yogender RC where we discussed come to this h uh head thorax abdomen done come to respiratory organ. Respiratory organ they have either book lungs or book gills or sometimes gills. Crabs they have gills. Aquatic members they have aquatic members they have uh book gills terrestrial members they have book lungs and in case of insects they have insects in insects they have uh tracheal system not trachea don't say trachea trachea is indors okay tracheal system they have tracheal system in case of insects respiratory organ I'm saying respiratory organ Frachal system or gills or book gills or book lungs or fractial system.

[01:01:35]Circulatory system open all open no close no close compound or simple eye.

[01:01:42]Compound eye in insects fast. Okay. In case of simple in case of spiders and scorpions. Spiders and scorpions simple eye. Remaining all.

[01:01:54]Remaining all it will be compound eye.

[01:01:58]Spiders and scorpions simple eyes. Okay.

[01:02:00]And some members yes they have uh this symbol also involve ignis. Okay.

[01:02:09]So ignicis means molting. When these animals they change their body from larvae. Caterpillar suppose this is caterpillar. Okay. And caterpillar is molting to butterfly. This is called ecdis.

[01:02:24]Okay. Eggdis is molting. Yes, they involvedis.

[01:02:28]Yes, they have complex eggis molting.

[01:02:31]Okay, renate cells. RC is renate cells.

[01:02:35]Then come the jointed cells done.

[01:02:36]Jointed appendix is done. Respiratory organ done. Circulatory system always and always open done. Sensory organs uh it will be antenna I compound compound eye and simple eyes is done. Staty or balancing organs are present. Nothing to explain. excretory system excretory system either malpigian tubule or coal gland I'm repeating again cogal gland coal glands are present at their first segment this is called kza in their body arms and arms doesn't contain bone contains kza femer troanter like this structures so their first segment is called kza ka base here this base they have glands known as kal glands kal glands helps in excretion some of them they have green glands some Some of them they have antinary gland. Antina antenna base there. Here some they have glands.

[01:03:28]These glands helps in excretion. Cooxal glands helps in excretion. Okay. Ba. So cogal gland done. Okay. Malpigian tubules in case of insects they are mostly diosis. Diosis means monosius.

[01:03:45]Diosis. Just now we discussed why diosis means sex is separate. Sex is separate.

[01:03:50]Fertilation is usually internal nothing to explain inside body. Okay. They are mostly ovaris egg laying. Okay.

[01:03:56]Development may be direct indirect means with larvae without larva. Examples please fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast. Okay. App indica import economically important uh insects.

[01:04:06]Appies indica bomb smi silkworm lassifer laka lac insect. Vectors. Vectors means disease carrying organisms. Disease carrying anophilles qlex edies. Three are mosquitoes. All three are mosquitoes. different different types of diseases they spread. Okay. Then gregarious pest. Gregarious pest means any pest what it is spreading in your farmland in your crop field very fast very quickly and destroying your crop field very fast are known as grigorious pest locust. Locust locusta is grigorious pest living fossil lious king crab. Okay these examples please go through maska softbodied animals. First I'll explain molesa meaning mlesca means softbodied animal. Okay. Then molesa is having one head muscular foot and visceral hump. This is visceral hump.

[01:05:02]This is muscular foot. This is head.

[01:05:05]Head contains stocked eye and muscular. This visceral hump area contains one membrane like structure.

[01:05:15]This membrane like structure further covered with shell in some members shell absent in some members shell absent. So three things we discussed three body parts head visceral hump and muscular foot head visceral hump and muscular foot then one membrane I said this membrane this membrane is called mental or palium.

[01:05:38]This green one is mental or palium. So gap between visceral hump visceral hump and mental is called mental cavity is called mental cavity. In this mental cavity only many organs are present.

[01:05:54]Excratory system is present. Okay. Gills are opening. Anus opening and pearls are formed in this area only. Pearl. Yes.

[01:06:03]Some of the molescans they form pearl.

[01:06:06]Okay. So please come here. Head muscular foot and visceral hump. Done. Mouth contains one grasping organ, teeth-like organ, file like grasping organ known as radula. Radula, it will come in exam.

[01:06:20]Okay. So be ready for this radula. Very important. Radula rasping organ.

[01:06:28]So here you jump to directly example second largest film maska. Examples.

[01:06:34]Examples. Next page you'll get here.

[01:06:36]Example number one. Pila, apple snail, pincada, pearl, oyster, sepia, cuttlefish, lolliggo, squid, you go there. Oy, octopus, devilface, applacia, it is sea hair, dentalium, it will be tusk shell, cheto, plura, sthon. All examples line by line.

[01:06:58]Magapa.

[01:07:01]Yeah. Second largest film. Go to echinodermita. Echinoderm exclusively marine echinino echinus means spiny body having spiny structures on skin derma that's why we call echinodera echyno means spine derma derma means skin spiny bob bodied and all are marine with organ system level of organization adult econodormates are radial laral forms are laral forms are having bilateral symmetry. Okay, laterals.

[01:07:38]Okay, they are triploblastic and selomate animals. Tripoloplastic somate nothing to explain. Okay, they have water vascular system. Water vascular system. Last year only question came please tell me the functions of water vascular system. Locomotion okay capturing and transport of food. So food capturing I'll write and respiration and respiration and excretion and excretion please locomotion food capturing respiration excretion please mug up this one and excretive system is absent system absent remember unique excrety system is absent separate excretory system is absent but watervascular system helps in excretion also okay separate there is no organ of pjanas there is no metanidia there is no protonia Okay. But yes, this one water vascular system it helps in excretion also. Okay.

[01:08:36]Maska examples which are opens. Yes.

[01:08:40]Good ma. Okay. One of the student asking about s in which example there'll be open circulatory system and closed circulatory system in molaska please.

[01:08:50]Maska whatever example you are studying in cifalopoda.

[01:08:55]Falopoda mean higher mask octopus and squids. So there you'll get open circulation. So this one this one closed circulation. Uh in higher mask closed in lower molllesk open higher mask closed lower molllesk open. Okay.

[01:09:16]So these are higher musk squid and devilface. Okay. Octopus. Sapia. Sepia is also a type of squid. Cuttleface. It is also a type of squid. Okay. SPI cut.

[01:09:26]So here you'll get closed circulatory system. Remaining all it will be open circulatory system. Okay.

[01:09:34]Now go to example of echinodermata. You have to mug up eststeria starface ekinus sea urchin. Okay. Antidon sea lily cucumberia sea cucumber and ofura brittle star. This one is brittle star.

[01:09:48]Okay. So more than this not required.

[01:09:51]Move to hemicordita. Hemicordita. on correction first of all okay this is not caller this is caller do correction in your NCERTT okay don't worry the same correction it is in NCERTT Hindi one but in English one they have not mentioned this one corre this one not correct mentioned correctly this one is caller this one is not caller remember this if labeling based question came you can make it error here you can make uh mistakes in this so remember this is caller and many of You you may ask sir if NTA is framing question on this then what to follow NCRT what given wrong or what given correct first of all NCRT and NTA they'll frame question based on the correct one okay one mistake what they have given they'll not correct it in NCERT but even questions asked they'll follow answers will be given according to the correct one okay what it is given in NCERTT Hindi one Hindi version yes it is written caller here and this is only collar. Don't worry. Okay. Believe yes it is correct. Collar here not here.

[01:10:58]Then this film members first of all they are considered as subylm under cordata.

[01:11:04]They are considered under subylm corda earlier but now they are considered as separate film hemicorda.

[01:11:14]Separate film hemicorda. Reason is earlier scientists they believe that they have noto cord hair in their body but later on it is found that no that is not cord that is stomo cord extension of their buckle cavity extension of buckle cavity it formed their stomocord buckle diverticulum buckle diverticulum buckle diverticulum is not notocord it is ectoermal in origin so it is not these members are Not corded, they are hemicorded. Name not changed. Earlier name also hemi cordoded. Today also name hemicord. So remember.

[01:11:55]Okay. Then next go to body is warm like nothing to say. Proosis color shrunk body and then go to example balanoglosses and csoglossus.

[01:12:04]Balanogloss cyogloss hemicordita. All members are marine. Remember all are marine. They are wormlike animals. Come to phylm cordita. Phylm cordita characters. First of all, I'll say uh Karthik Kartika nice to see you in class.

[01:12:32]Okay. So, we'll meet again. We'll do face toface meeting. first few people to get in stronger and stronger version of yourself. Okay. By studying uh in my teaching I see only one thing that by my words by my teaching by my hard work any teacher's hard work if your life is transformed if someone's life is transformed really one teacher feel blessed we feel blessed that yes my my life is successful people they say now what is called success this is called success when I'm making you doctor yes I'm successful nothing required.

[01:13:17]This is called success. Nothing means uh I'm little emotional. I'm little mean is my low point. It is my weak weakness.

[01:13:28]Whenever I see my students in pain, my students struggling for these things.

[01:13:34]Yes, it is struggleful thing, struggleful time period for me also.

[01:13:39]Okay, Bacha, please we'll meet again.

[01:13:42]You people are my hero. I'm not hero.

[01:13:44]I'm not I'm no one's hero. I'm just doing my job. Okay. If I'm helping you in your life, in your solving your question, solving your life struggle.

[01:13:55]Okay. I feel just blessed. Please, please here without wasting time. Okay.

[01:14:01]We'll finish this then. Yes, we'll be hero. You will be hero in your field.

[01:14:05]I'll be hero in my field. So, please ba.

[01:14:07]Okay. Cordit we are discussing. So, first of all, cordit five characters fast. Fast fast post anal tail notto cord presence of noto cord dorsal notocord solid noto cord okay misodermally derived notto cord okay nervous system it must be on dorsal single hollow dorsal single hollow dorsal single hollow nervous system vententral heart diagram heart not mentioned here remember vententral heart vententral side heart all non-coordinates you will see okay dorsal Heart cockus dorsal heart back side series of heart. Okay. Then here notto cord dorsal side and nervous system dorsal side heart vententral side and fangial gill slits. All of these five corded characters what we discussed. Yes you know just revise that in any developmental stage of life. Yes. All these five must be present. Then only it is called cordate. Yes sir. Tell example of maska in which cell shell is absent. Very good. Uh syphilocode mask syphilocode malas they don't have shell. Octopus squid they don't have shell. Octopus squid they don't have shell.

[01:15:28]Sir tommo and notocord are homologous are analogous. Analogous not homologous.

[01:15:34]Different origin same function. When different origin same function it is called analogous. It's not homologous.

[01:15:40]Homologous means same origin. If both are misodermal then having same origin.

[01:15:45]Okay. So please come here. This is done.

[01:15:49]Now notto cord related. One more point I'll say if you have quit grasping. Yes you please copy it. Not note it down.

[01:15:58]Notto cord notto cord fate we are discussing very important and many questions we can solve with this.

[01:16:07]BD what we studied related to BD by you people are asking buckle diverticulum I think stomocord I explained BD buckle diverticulum what wait buckle diverticulum note it down buckle diverticulum.

[01:16:39]Now one very important point I'm going to discuss here fate of notocord. What happens to notocord notocord based? Many questions will come. There are three fates of notocord. If notto cord is persistent whole life.

[01:16:59]Whole life. Okay. Notocord whole life it is persist persistent. Okay. one condition in one condition not cord it is replaced not present in adult so four I I'll explain here not in adult body third fate is not cord is present in adult plus cartilagenous vertebral column also present and one fate is okay one fit is replaced I'm writing R here not cord is replaced by bony vertebral column yes shortcut I'm writing again I'm repeating later on if you're asking sir what is BVC I maybe I I'll confuse at that time so please not for whole life example I'll write this side and it'll be very important for you please focus here whole life where it is in which film it is present for whole life can I get answer here this Stomotto homologus or analogous. This is analogous but analogous.

[01:18:09]Arthropoda.

[01:18:11]Which cell? Arthropoda. Which cell absent? Arthropod. All animals shell present. Shell means cutaneous exoskeleton not shell. Okay. Please focus here. Focus here. Please leave all the uh discussions. Cyclloto. No. Whole life cy notoord not present. Cyclo will not come here. Here it will come.

[01:18:28]Sephaloccordita.

[01:18:30]Cphallo cordida. Sephalo cordita. Not cord present whole life no replacement no other structure not cord not in adult body. Example euro cordoda. Example euro cordata. Example euro cordata. Notto cord plus cartilagenous vertebrinal column. Example cycllostomata plus cartilagenous faces.

[01:18:58]Two examples. Cycllostomata.

[01:19:00]Cartilagenous faces. Cycllos tomato.

[01:19:02]Cartilage spaces. Okay. And example of noto cord replaced by bony vertebral column. Notocord replaced by bony vertebral column. Example it will be bony faces up to malia. Bony faces up to mamalia. Please everyone if you are confused yes in video same place later on you can go there and you can consult it. Okay butcha this is done. This is easy to remember all the examples. Nottocord four fates are there. Whole life present. Okay. Not in adult. In adult it is replaced.

[01:19:37]Eurocordita. Okay. Notocord plus cartilagenous vertebral column both present. Both persistent. Okay. Means not cordot is not replaced. It is present. And cartilagenous vertebral column also present. Cycllosmita and cartilagenous bony cartly sorry cartilagynous pieces not bony faces.

[01:19:51]Okay.

[01:19:54]Any more doubt?

[01:19:57]Thank you.

[01:19:58]We'll move to next first examples now.

[01:20:02]Okay. In case of euroorita euroa examples please acidia sulpa doolum these are three examples from eurocorita. Please mark up this is acidia in exam they'll keep this diagram and identify this diagram. Acidia okay syphalocortita only one example but three name only one example.

[01:20:21]Braniotomita amphiois lanclate.

[01:20:24]Braniotomita amphiois lanclate. Please go through this. Okay. Then members of subfilem vertebraa.

[01:20:32]If you need one more information here or clear understanding, cordates are divided into three subfilem. Euro cordata, syphalo cordita and vertebraa.

[01:20:43]These two are called lower corded. This one is called higher corded. Okay. If some of you are those who are my student, I don't know about other students. If you attended my lectures, yes in my lecture I've given this one how to classify cordates. Cordates are classified into lower cordates and higher cordates. Okay, this detailed classification I'm not going to move now and I'm not going to explain now but shortcut I'm explaining all vertebbrates are cordates but all cordate this is all remaining cordates these are not vertebbrates. So all cordates are not vertebbrates but all vertebbrates are cordates. Yes or no? All vertebrates are cordates. All vertebrates are cordates.

[01:21:30]But all cordates are not vertebbrates.

[01:21:32]Reason these two are cordates but not vertebrae. Okay.

[01:21:37]Yes. Susant.

[01:21:43]Yes. These two no vertebral column in case of eurocorta and syphaloorda. No vertebral column. No vertebral column means they are not vertebrates. They don't have bony vertebral column.

[01:21:57]Okay. Or even they have they have vertebral column. Okay. That is not of supporting type. That is not of bony type. Okay. In case of vertebbrator yes they have vertebral column and cranium. They are also known as crana.

[01:22:17]These are called craniata. No cranium or cran. Okay. Vertebrates are further divided into two groups or granata and granostomata.

[01:22:30]A granata granostomata classification given in NCRT. Here you can check vertebra divided into granatosa cyclothosa.

[01:22:46]Ganata ganata means jaw. Jabra uh jabra ganata no jaw circular mouth so they don't have jaw this one they don't have jaw okay ganatos tomato they have jaw pisces and tetraoda pisces is superass it is not class but cycllosmata is class remember this this is not class pisces is super class okay tetropoda is also superclass under superclass pisces There's two classes contactsis osticis cartilagenous faces bony faces under superclass tetraoda tetrapoda amphibia repilia and aes and mammals. So these all are having four limbs called tetraoda. Tetra means four limbs means poda. Okay. And here conducts ostricis are true faces. If it is asked true faces so pisces are only true faces. Have about star face, jelly face, silver face, all these are false faces.

[01:23:52]Devil face all these are false faces.

[01:23:54]True faces are only member of Pisces.

[01:23:57]True me true faces are only members of Pisces. Not cyclloto also cycloatas are also not faces. These are not faces.

[01:24:04]Okay. Biologically you you can't call them as f. Okay. Please fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first fast first. Now example.

[01:24:11]Cycllosometer. In cycllo tomato all these points please you go through okay limited time one hour and 1 hour 30 minutes lecture we can't cover each and every point but yes examples are most important remember petroy and hack phase promis and mixine hack phase these two are example of cyloita related to migration if question coming only used to migrate and it contains yes fins but only unpaired fins paired fins are absent unpaired Paired fins are present.

[01:24:44]Unpaired fins means dorsal fin present.

[01:24:47]Okay. Tail fin, cordal fin present. But no pectoral and pelvic fin. Gillits present. Mouth sectoral round mouth. And they are blood sucking. These are also sangui war. Sangui war blood sucking animals. Petroyan migration present.

[01:25:02]Mixine migration not present. Petroyan from sea water they migrate to fresh water. They spawn. Spawning. Spawning means egg layling. They lay eggs. They release their tiny tiny tiny tiny eggs.

[01:25:14]X eggs they hatch. Larve formed. Babies came. And adult body, adult mother and father, male and female faces. They die in fresh water only. Petroyen only migration mixine. No migration. Remember this. Yes. Anendromis migration.

[01:25:33]Please here you go.

[01:25:34]Conductis.is.is.is.is.is.is.is.is.is.is conductis. Cartilagenous species.

[01:25:37]Cartilagenous species. All are marine.

[01:25:39]exclusively marine.

[01:25:41]Okay. This one is scolodon. This one is pristice. Pristice is sawfish. Scolodon is common Indian shark dog fist. Common Indian shark dog fist. Remember this.

[01:25:53]Okay. Yes. They have what type of scales go through this? Plaoid scale, cyclloid scale, ganoid scale, plaid scale in case of cartilagenous faces, cyclloid and ganoid scale in tenoid and goid scale in bony faces. Kondic thricis kolodon dog face also known as common Indian sark remember this common Indian sark pristice soft because its snout not don't say mouth its snout is having sations here saw like structure that's why we call sophist okay carcarodon great white shark and this one is kodon is great Indian shark Indian shark common s carcodon is great white shark trigon stingray need to remember all these trun stingray torpedo Electric ray, torpedo, electric ray, tiger, stingray, poisonous sting, dorsal fin, dorsal fin become poisonous sting, poisonous sting remember. Then go to bony faces. Bony faces directly example.

[01:26:51]Okay. Scales present scales are of cyloid type. Mouth vententral. Uh then mouth terminal sorry mouth terminal in case of bony faces. In case of patinous pieces to mouth ventral all these comparisons all these points please you remember homo circle tail the tail loes it will be equal equal in case of shark or cartilagenous faces tail loes it will be unequal okay then come to this one okay marine marine exocitus flying fist yes they used to jump they used to fly okay hippocampus seahorse seahorse is not horse seahorse is Head part is looking like horse but it is exactly a bony fish. Marine bony fish. Freshwater leio leio rohita complete name also known as rohu common name katla katla.

[01:27:40]Then clarius betracus Indian common catfish mangor it is called. Then aquarium fishes. Beta. Aquarium fishes are also known as ornamental fishes.

[01:27:51]Okay. Because they look beautiful. So beta fighting fish. Petrofylm angel fish. Need to remember amphibians.

[01:27:58]Amphibians characteristics you go through ba. Okay. Examples mab boufu toad rana tigrina hila tree frog salamander. Okay. Salamandra.

[01:28:09]Salamandra. Salamander. Echioase limbless amphibia. Echioase high chance questions it will be asked. Okay. All examples are important. None of the examples you have to skip. All examples you have to remember. But ethophase you see in your example list. You see in your questions. Okay. Many times it came. Many times echophys required.

[01:28:28]Okay. So please go through the examples.

[01:28:32]This is chamellon. This is crocodilus.

[01:28:36]This is chilon. This is naza naza. Okay.

[01:28:39]King cobra. Sorry. Cobra. Okay. Then go to reptilia. Reptilia. Examples you need to go through. Okay. Turtle and tortoise. Difference you have to remember. Chillon is turtle and testudo is here you come. Turtoise. Okay. So in match the column questions they'll keep one side one one side they'll keep chilon one side they'll keep test okay which one is turtle which one in column B they'll keep suppose uh turtle and tortoise so you need to identify chilon is turtle chilon is turtle test is tortoise chilon turtle and tortoise are not same they are two different type of reptiles okay and they are not amphibia also many student they say sir these are amphibia they live in water no turtle Turtle to are reptilia. Okay. Alligator.

[01:29:26]Alligator. Alligator. Crocodile.

[01:29:28]Crocodile. Both are different. Okay.

[01:29:30]Hemtctilus. Hemtctilus wall lizard.

[01:29:33]Okay. Poisonous snakes. Poisonous snakes. Examples you have to remember.

[01:29:37]Naza. Naza. Nor normal Indian cobra.

[01:29:40]Okay. Bangaras is correct. Vipera is viper. Vipera. Viper. Okay.

[01:29:46]Non-poisonous snake if it is asked. Then rat snake. Okay. Then irrig johani these words if it is coming not mentioned here but they are non-poisonous python python commonly it is asked anaconda python all these are nonpoisonous remember then go to va uh fist type in males have claspers clasper related question if it is coming one student asking claspers remember male cartilagenous faces they have claspers male cartilagenous faces picto Pectoral fins here. Pectoral fins modified as claspers to hold female during kitus. This is modification of pelvic fins. Pelvic fins that much. In case of bony faces no claspers in cartilagenous faces internal fertilization that's why claspers require okay to inseminate. But in case of bony faces maximum time it is external fertilization. So in bony faces claspers not required. Okay. Male and female they release their gamuts in water and fertilization occurs in external. Then go to aes example. Aes general features you go through. Okay.

[01:31:02]These are most means common animals.

[01:31:05]Their characters you can understand. If you have any doubt yes whenever uh next class it is going on. Yes. at beginning 5 minutes we can discuss the last class doubts I hope there is no doubt but just general questions it will be there animal kingdom notes nodes not required NCRT you read but there is no requirement of nodes okay so neopron neon is vulture like remember neopron is not eagle this is vulture but photograph they have given of eagle this is vulture You have to remember vulture.

[01:31:44]Neopron vulture. Neopron vulture. Okay.

[01:31:47]Now here here neopron vulture. Okay.

[01:31:50]Crow was crow. Colombia pigeon. All examples from NCRT. No mercy.

[01:31:58]Okay. Colombia pigeon. Pistakula.

[01:32:00]Parrot. Strutio ostrich. Nonflying largest bird. Non-flying largest non-flying bird. Apoditis. Penguin.

[01:32:08]Aquatic non-flying bird. Apinoditis.

[01:32:11]Aquatic non-flying bird penguin neopron vulture go to mamalia mamalia three groups are there in mammals three groups are there please pay attention mammals three groups are there okay prototheria in evolution chapter you have studied metathetheria and utheria prototheria development outside outside body egg laying mammals egg laying mammals metaria little development inside complete development outside. Okay, that is metathereia. This is metathereia. Okay, this is prototheria. This one, this animal is prototheria. This is metathereia means they develop in their uterus for few some time period. Okay, small time period and then they give birth and baby what came out they keep it in brood pouch in their marsupium brood pouch. So here complete development outside here development some inside some outside and in case of youth area youth area example complete development inside body complete development inside means they develop complete baby and then they give birth. So protootheria metaria utheria prototheria egg laying mammals platypus ikidna platypus duck build what you call platypus ikidna then metatherea so this concept it will help in evolution also evolution also to understand metatheans metans are kangaroos called Australian marsupials Australian marsupials marupium word coming from this marzupium pouch marsupials marzupium pouch is called root pouch is called marupop. Yes, aitis came in 2026 neat exam. Okay. Utheria U means true theoria means placenta.

[01:34:06]Utheria true placental mammals. So in evolution chapter there it's written placental mammals. Placental mammals. So what is placental mammals? Utheras. What is non-pleasental mammals? Metathereia.

[01:34:17]Hope you understood. Okay. Now go to examples fast. Fast.

[01:34:22]Okay. Here you come.

[01:34:25]Examples. Ovi paras ornithancus platypus. Just now we discussed vi paras maropus. Maropus is kangaroo. Okay.

[01:34:33]Teropus flying fox. Chamellius camel.

[01:34:36]Macakaka. Macaka. Mulata is monkey.

[01:34:39]Ratus. Ratus. Ratus. Ratus. Rat. Canis dog. Felis cat. Elephas. Elephant. Equas horse. Delphinus. Okay. Common dolphin.

[01:34:49]Balopetra. Important. Balinopetra. and aptinoditis. Okay. Blue whale, panther, tigris, panthra, leo, panthra, leopardi, panthra. These all are panthra genus under that different different species.

[01:35:02]Okay. Lion, tiger, etc. Here animal diversity points done. Okay. This hair, hair, then ear pina all these points please go through. I don't think tiny confusion you'll get there. Okay.

[01:35:18]Exceptions. Yes. uh exception based questions if you asked okay I'll help you wait suppose it is asked which characteristic of mammals it is without exception answer memory gland all mammals they have memory gland no mammals without memory gland okay one point okay then second one everyone sebaceious and cirrus gland skin with cbes gland no exception all mammal They have CBCS gland. If it is asked which exception some mam maximum mammals they have ear pina. Some mammals they don't have ear pina. Dolphin whale dolphin whale they are mammals but they don't have ear pina. Okay. With exception body hair body hair it is present in all mammals exception whale and dolphin. Okay. Seal also you can say. So some characters are with exception some are without exception. So all mammals they have fourchambered heart but it is not unique characteristic of mamalia because along with human along with human I'm saying sorry mammal. Yes birds also they have four chambered heart. Crocodile also have fourchambered heart. So it will not be unique characteristic feature of it will not be unique characteristic feature of what you call mammals. Bersa fbresius means it is one of the lymphoid organ in birds. Okay. Seamopraasi seamas ready your question burst of frescius. It is the one of the lympoid organ in case of uh birds. And one question came sir presence of diaphragm present diaphragm present in crocodile also. So it will not be uh correct explanation correct characteristic feature. So diap diaphragm is unique feature of mammal. No diaphragm is present in all mammals. Yes. Then corpora quadrigina brain chapter nervous system chapter you studied. Corpora quadrigina present only in mammals.

[01:37:29]Okay. Corpora four optic loes. Brain, midbrain, four optic loes. Then archonoid brain layer. Arenoid brain is covered with three layers. Pometer, arachnoid and durometer. So areoid present only in mammals not in other animals. Okay. And like this many things are there. Okay. Presence of urinary blood. No urinary bladder uh you can't consider as a unique characteristic of mammals.

[01:37:59]Okay.

[01:38:01]arenoid layer. Yes, it is unique characteristic of mammals.

[01:38:08]Whale dolphin no. Yes.

[01:38:12]Hetrodon not not necessary. Don't go to that point. Hetrodon homodon. Okay. What is required that I'll say sir? Only NCERT reading sufficient for animal kingdom. Yes, your NCERTT reading and what notes you have of sir A sir, Sunnita ma'am or Swati ma'am or my notes if you're my student okay whatever notes you have okay I'm not saying read each and every line I'm saying just okay go through that when you have confusion when you don't have confusion only NCRT supplement respiration one question good nice question came supplement respiration means help aid respiration Okay, for example, you are respiring only with your lungs. But suppose I'm giving you one extra cylinder when you are going deep in water. Okay, scuba divers. So you're not respiring with atmospheric air. You need something in your uh surrounding to inhale to get take gas inside your lungs. So what it helps in respiration is known as supplement respiration. In case of birds they have air chambers, air sacks and these air chambers, air bags, balloons in their body, it helps in supplement in respiration.

[01:39:33]More any extra point. Has sir what he taught?

[01:39:41]A sir what he taught. Okay. Whatever notes you have everyone. Okay. Extra points to understand not to mug up.

[01:39:50]Extra points. Suppose I said buckle diverticulum. Suppose stomo chord written in NCERTT stom chord you know stomo chord you solve but by chance they prepared question writing there suppose buckle diverticulum what you'll do at that time okay now ch so here our portion ends but topic done we'll meet again in next class bye-bye Okay.