40 Minutes Of Autistic Astrophysics Rambling With Ultrakill Gameplay In the Background

Added: 2026-06-03

[00:00:00]Okay, this this is a video about space.

[00:00:01]>> Okay, about space.

[00:00:03]>> Okay, so Okay, cuz earlier you I thought you were saying spice and I was like, that doesn't make sense.

[00:00:07]>> Spy, why would I say spy?

[00:00:08]>> That's exactly why I was like, why why are you saying spice?

[00:00:11]>> You're you might be stupid. I don't know.

[00:00:14]>> Look. Okay, >> comment down below if lasagna's stupid dumb dumb head.

[00:00:18]>> How' I miss both? I'm the stupid dumb dumb head.

[00:00:20]>> Anyway, >> so it's fine.

[00:00:22]>> So, it is currently 11:00 p.m., right?

[00:00:24]>> I'm about to make dinner.

[00:00:26]>> You're about to make dinner. Uh, I have an exam tomorrow.

[00:00:28]>> Yeah, you do. Uh I it literally in like 12 hours I have an exam and would you the exam is about space right?

[00:00:34]>> Oh it's universe >> it's it's the space it's the space exam.

[00:00:38]So so I was like I was doing some work a a little bit of revision just last minute being like am I am I am I good?

[00:00:44]Am I am I am I going to get [ __ ] up?

[00:00:47]Uh and and and I got a question, right?

[00:00:49]And there was a question on this past paper and it was said uh it was about black holes and it was six marks >> and you got one mark for naming both kinds of black holes. Like there's two different main forms. You got one mark for saying how how big they typically are and then you got the final marks for describing how they're formed. And I was like, "Wow, that's really interesting."

[00:01:16]Not because anything because you got a mark for saying that for super massive black holes, we have no idea how they're formed. You got a you got a mark for going, "I don't know." And I was like, "That's really interesting." But like also, it makes sense because yeah, we have no idea how those form. Like like we don't have a clue. and I and I was like I want to talk about it because it's interesting right get die. Thank you. Thanks friends. So anyway, right there's there's two kinds of black ho I forgot you can do that in this room. There's two kinds of of black holes there.

[00:01:59]That's a lie. That's [ __ ] But there's two kind >> for this exam. There is two kinds of black holes.

[00:02:04]>> That guy just went into a [ __ ] That guy went into I don't know what happened.

[00:02:08]>> We don't know. We don't need to know.

[00:02:09]It's fine. So anyway, there's stellar black holes, which which are like like what you think of when you think of black holes, right? Like a star gets real big and then it dies and it explodes and a black hole. Like that's what you >> That's crazy. Yeah.

[00:02:20]>> And then there's super massive black holes, which you've probably heard of.

[00:02:23]You know, the the real big boys, the the big the big chungus black holes.

[00:02:28]>> Yeah.

[00:02:29]>> Uh you you know what? When when you become a scientist, you need to name something big chungus.

[00:02:34]>> Would be the weirdest scientific name of all time.

[00:02:36]>> Yeah. But anyway, um, so, so stellar black holes, right? They makes they make sense, right? Star >> gets, you know, it it dies and it explodes and it it collapses and forms a black hole.

[00:02:48]>> Yeah.

[00:02:48]>> And you can get these black holes to be, you know, like like a few dozen times the size of the sun, right? Like they'll have like a couple dozen times the mass of the sun in them just chilling.

[00:03:03]>> All right.

[00:03:04]>> That's that's that's a big, you know, >> that's pretty big. Yeah. That's a lot of mass, right?

[00:03:08]>> Yeah.

[00:03:09]>> And then you got super massive black holes.

[00:03:11]>> Mhm.

[00:03:12]>> They have a few hundred million if not billion times the mass of the sun.

[00:03:20]>> Uh and there isn't anything in between.

[00:03:24]>> There's nothing there's nothing in between. And scientists are like, >> "What the fuck?"

[00:03:30]>> Yeah.

[00:03:31]>> Right. They're they're Well, we're all We're all sat here and we're like, >> "What the fuck?" Yeah, >> right. Because saying that there's black holes that are like, you know, stellar black holes are up to like 30 solar masses. It's true, but some people are always shouting at their screen, but Linguini, there's there's black holes that are a few hundred, if not a few thousand solar masses, and they are very correct, right? At most, you'll get a a few like thousand solar masses, maybe like a a few hundred. No, not a few hundred thousand, but like a few 10 thousands at like a push. Like a really old black hole. It's been eaten for a long time. It's maybe maybe it's merged with some other black holes, right?

[00:04:12]100,000 is still a long way off of 100 million.

[00:04:15]>> Okay, >> there's still a real big gap there.

[00:04:17]>> Okay.

[00:04:18]>> And scientists are like, "Yep, we have absolutely uh no idea why. Not a clue.

[00:04:24]Couldn't tell you. I died cuz I suck at the video game.

[00:04:28]>> Nothing's new >> and I'm paying the mo the utmost of attention to Ultrakill right now. But um so so there's there's then this question of like what the [ __ ] caused these black holes what caused them? Because like stellar black holes are very very small, right?

[00:04:49]Like like >> Oh no.

[00:04:50]>> They're really small.

[00:04:52]>> Okay.

[00:04:53]>> Right. Like like a black hole with a mass 30 times the sun. That's tiny. It's absolutely tiny. It's like you can calculate it. Uh I'm not I'm not going to calculate it. I could I know the formula, but I'm not going to. It uses a little thing called the the Schwarz shield radius if anyone's interested. Uh it's like that's like the the radius of the uh Anyway, >> cool.

[00:05:18]>> You can calculate it. Point being, um it's tiny, right? Right. For something that mass the sun, it would be like like a a few like hundred km, maybe a few million km, you know, like not a few million, maybe a few thousand km. It'll be like the size of the earth at most.

[00:05:36]>> Mhm.

[00:05:37]>> Right. It'd be pretty I was prepared.

[00:05:39]It'll be pretty small.

[00:05:40]>> Okay.

[00:05:41]>> And then and then, you know, if if they merge and if they eat some stuff, they might become like, you know, the size of the sun. Maybe >> maybe >> maybe super massive black holes are like three times the size of the entire solar system and that includes the or cloud which is >> remember this from >> the or cloud is okay. Have you heard of the of the Have you heard of the Pluto?

[00:06:06]>> Yes.

[00:06:07]>> Pluto is part of the Kyper belt. It's like a second asteroid belt.

[00:06:11]>> That's like you know the furthest thing you'll get taught at school. Like that's like the furthest thing away from the sun. Even though there wasn't much detail, I can't >> No, no, there they don't really tell you much cuz it's so far away it doesn't really matter.

[00:06:22]>> The orc cloud is like so much further. It's like the furthest reaches. It's it's it's it's a cloud of a bunch of asteroids right at the edge of the sun's gravity. Right. Right on like the fringe of I'm going to go and [ __ ] off into space. And the sun seems pretty cool.

[00:06:40]It's unbelievably far away if you think about it. And like like The biggest star in the universe, just for reference, will go up to the orbit of Saturn.

[00:06:54]>> Yeah, the orbit of Saturn. The biggest star in the universe will go from the sun to Saturn, right? It's a big star.

[00:06:59]>> Oh, okay.

[00:07:00]>> Nothing compared to the biggest black hole. It's genuinely nothing compared to the biggest black holes.

[00:07:04]>> Okay, cool.

[00:07:04]>> Like like like the biggest black holes could fit the entire solar system in like three times over like all like length to length. Okay, keep in mind a black hole with the mass of the sun is like tiny like like tiny tiny.

[00:07:21]So what the [ __ ] has made these what what what has caused this to to exist?

[00:07:30]Cuz it must have been something just unimaginably large, right? Like keep in mind it has the mass of millions of stars, >> hundreds of millions if not billions of stars. Which also this has the funny side effect of like you know how like everything in the solar system orbits the sun cuz the sun is most of the solar system's mass.

[00:07:54]>> This leads to the misconception of like oh super massive like like galaxies orbit their super massive black hole at the center because we believe every galaxy has one in the middle. That's just a theory. We we are yet to find a galaxy without one in the middle. Um so this leads people to believe Oh, okay.

[00:08:11]So the we're orbiting the black hole in the center of our galaxy.

[00:08:15]>> No.

[00:08:16]>> Okay.

[00:08:17]>> No, not even close.

[00:08:18]>> That's like like the sun is 99 I think 8% of the entire mass of the solar system. That that that's a lot. A black hole with a billion star suns worth of mass is one like.1% of a univer of of the average galaxy cuz the average galaxy you have like a trillion stars 100 trillion stars you know like a lot of stars.

[00:08:48]So so like like yes there's there's a super massive black hole in the middle of the galaxy. No, the galaxy does not orbit it. And also, no, we don't actually know why they're always in the middle of galaxies. We have like no idea.

[00:09:01]>> That's so bad.

[00:09:01]>> It's just like like you could put like the simple explanation of, oh, well, they're really big, so they sink to the middle, but like that doesn't really make sense on a galactic level, but like just roll with it. It's it's it makes it easy and simple and brain goes, "Yep, that makes sense." Even though it's probably not true.

[00:09:22]>> No. So, we have no idea what formed these things.

[00:09:25]>> We have no idea how they got so big.

[00:09:28]>> We have no idea why they're always in the center of galaxies.

[00:09:32]>> And we have no idea like like like we just have no idea like what would possibly have formed them.

[00:09:45]Nothing. We know nothing. Absolutely nothing.

[00:09:49]>> So good.

[00:09:49]>> Yeah. And the weird part is, right, this is this is the weird thing. Okay, this is going to be like real backwards.

[00:09:57]Black holes like slowly evaporate over time and they evaporate because um like particles just kind of appear next to them. Don't worry about how this happens. They just they just do.

[00:10:10]>> Okay.

[00:10:10]>> And like two particles will appear, right? And then they'll immediately delete each other. So the universe is like that's fine. Everything is balanced. They're deleted. I don't care.

[00:10:19]>> Okay. Sometimes one of those particles falls into the black hole.

[00:10:22]>> Oh, >> so the universe is like, well, now there's just a new particle floating around. I don't like that. That's bad.

[00:10:27]So it the black hole loses a little bit of mass to to compensate and that's why they slowly evaporate over time. This is a very sure >> this is a very big oversimplification of Hawking radiation. Anyway, anyway, so so you would think, right, the bigger a black hole is, the more area it has, the faster it would evaporate, right? like like you know there's more surface for these particles to fall into.

[00:10:56]>> Oh, okay.

[00:10:57]>> Right.

[00:10:57]>> Yeah.

[00:10:58]>> No, >> no.

[00:10:59]>> The smaller they are, the faster they evaporate like exponentially.

[00:11:03]>> Oh, okay.

[00:11:05]>> Which which you know doesn't make sense when you think about it.

[00:11:08]>> Um, no.

[00:11:11]>> No, >> no, it doesn't make sense. Okay, >> that's because um there's like a a weird thing where like like >> Okay, we're going to get we're going to get freaky right now.

[00:11:22]>> And people you might not understand any of this, but it's fine.

[00:11:26]>> Uh my teacher for physics, he is a professor of general relativity at Oxford University. Very big brain guy.

[00:11:34]And he just casually dropped, oh yeah, stars will collapse faster than the speed of light.

[00:11:40]M >> and the reason and and he didn't really tell us why, but like he basically said like when a star is collapsed into a black hole, it has smashed through every single force like the universe has put in its way to stop it, which is like such an oversimplification, but it's all it's all I have >> cuz I I don't I I'm not this deep in the rabbit hole like this guy was.

[00:12:02]>> Oh, okay. So anyway, these these stars collapse from like the size of the solar system to a tiny black hole in like nanoseconds, which you know to get from the sun to Earth like takes 8 seconds, right? For reference.

[00:12:18]So they collapse pretty quickly.

[00:12:21]>> Yeah. Um, and the the idea is right is because of how fast it collapses, because of how fast it's moving, it undergoes an like and and because of how much gravity there is, it under goes an unimaginable amount of time dilation, which is where like like the faster you go, like like a the slower like time moves or whatever.

[00:12:48]>> Or because there's like a shitload of gravity, like time moves real slow.

[00:12:51]Okay.

[00:12:52]>> So, so the idea is it's just it's undergoing a unbelievably large amount of time dilation which like like for for like an astronaut whizzing around in the space station, they'll come back to Earth like a few milliseconds like younger or older. I forget which way around it is like like you know it's a very small very weak effect.

[00:13:14]The idea is is the larger the black hole is the the more it collapses. is the more it collapses, the more gravity it has. The more gravity it has, the more time dilation it goes.

[00:13:24]And when they collapse, they instead of, you know, immediately rebounding, right?

[00:13:31]Like like like it it like impulses, right? It collapses and then instantly rebounds.

[00:13:37]Instead of doing that, it's just doing it's just doing that really slowly. And by really slowly, I mean on a time scale that is so long, you may as well call it forever cuz it you may as well call it forever.

[00:13:54]So So the bigger they are, the the the more time relation they go under, the longer they live for. It's weird. It it's it's it's freaky.

[00:14:02]>> It is freaky.

[00:14:03]>> It's freaky. And it >> we're not lying that it would freaky.

[00:14:06]It's kind of it's it's a little bit cool cuz if it this is going to be really weird to say and it's going to take a lot of mental leaping, but imagine it from the perspective of the black hole, right? Imagine you are the black hole.

[00:14:19]You're collapsing real quickly. You hit this infinitely tiny point where you can't collapse any further and then you immediately like rebound and explode, right? Just like like an implosion, like a normal implosion. Like like you >> an implosion.

[00:14:36]>> Yeah, an implosion, right? Like it collapses as as small as it collapsed and then it very quickly violently explodes just like a supernova.

[00:14:46]>> Just like how a supernova, right? When a star collapses, it it's real small and then immediately explodes out and bursts out, right?

[00:14:55]>> That's all a black hole is doing. It's just doing it so unbelievably violently.

[00:15:00]It slows down time for what may as well be forever before we perceive it as actually exploding.

[00:15:12]So like the black hole is kind of just it's just what we it's not actually like it is a real thing but it's not actually a real thing. It's just what we It's just the bit of the explosion that we see because it's taking such a long it's it's doing it so slowly and it's doing it over such a long period of time which is also like that also explains why when a black hole dies it explodes which doesn't really make sense.

[00:15:42]>> No.

[00:15:42]>> No. Like it like you think like oh these black holes like you know they're slowly like fizzling away. That's what they're doing. They're fizzling out and dying right? So why do they explode when they die? Yeah. But we think they explode when they die. We haven't actually, you know, seen one do that. Uh, and we never will.

[00:15:58]>> Uh, is this all theory?

[00:16:00]>> Yeah. Yeah. No, we like like it's it's a time scale again that may as well be forever. Like we will never know if any of this is true.

[00:16:11]>> Like if like the age of the universe is >> Thank you. Please.

[00:16:16]>> That's a W police car. The age of the universe, right, is 1 * 10 to the 10 years. Very roughly, the average age of like a super massive black hole is probably 1 * 10 to like the 70.

[00:16:33]And keep in mind, every time that number goes up by one, it's multiplying by 10.

[00:16:40]So like we will never see a black hole explored as like a species. The universe will be so dead.

[00:16:49]>> It would be the universe will die billions and trillions of years before the first black holes like start exploding.

[00:16:58]>> So anyway, it wouldn't make sense that a black hole explodes if it just fizzles out and dies, though. So then there's the idea of well, it's just a supernova.

[00:17:05]It's just a really really long and drawn out supernova.

[00:17:11]Like a really long one. a really lot like the a really lot is taking its sweet time.

[00:17:20]But yeah, that's that's kind of late like late. That's that's the idea.

[00:17:22]That's what it is. That's what I shot.

[00:17:27][ __ ] Give me give me like a referee like on that one. I shot it in the head before and it should have reset it shot.

[00:17:34][ __ ] Anyway, yeah, that's what a black hole is. A black hole is just kind of like a strange illusion of a really long explosion.

[00:17:46]>> Oh, >> like a really long one.

[00:17:49]>> Okay.

[00:17:51]>> It it it's weird. It's freaky.

[00:17:53]>> It is.

[00:17:54]>> Yeah.

[00:17:54]>> As if black holes weren't freaky enough.

[00:17:57]>> Have I ever told you that time and space are reversed inside a black hole?

[00:18:02]>> I feel like I've seen this somewhere else, not you, but you can tell me. It's pretty like I say it's pretty simple.

[00:18:09]It's like you know how like you know you walk and you're walking through space.

[00:18:14]Yeah.

[00:18:14]>> And time just kind of passes by you and there's nothing you can do about it.

[00:18:17]>> Yeah.

[00:18:18]>> That's just the opposite in a black hole.

[00:18:21]When you move, you move through time and space is a thing that just kind of passes by you and there's nothing you can do about it.

[00:18:29]like you you actively move through time when you move, which is why you can't escape a black hole because to move backwards in a black hole would be to move backwards in time because you're moving through time.

[00:18:42]So you can only go forwards in time.

[00:18:45]>> Um >> you can only you can only go forwards in time. So when you're inside a black hole, you can only go forwards, which is towards the middle.

[00:18:54]It's if you want to escape the black hole, you'd have to go backwards in time, which You haven't done that.

[00:18:59]>> You can't do that.

[00:19:00]>> You can't do that.

[00:19:01]>> You can't do that.

[00:19:02]>> You can't do that. Like fundamentally, you just cannot do that.

[00:19:05]>> Is that like >> No, that's like a fundamental like you cannot do that.

[00:19:12]>> No, I know that I was just like think I remember like the thing where you reality is that >> No, that's a different that that that's the idea of like if a tree falls over and no one sees it or hear it, did it actually fall over or did it just like blip from Oh, this is so good.

[00:19:30]>> Um, >> I love that this happens during the space episode.

[00:19:35]>> Yep. If anyone knows, that's the idea of like if a tree falls over and no one sees it or hears it, did it like >> do the process of falling over or did it just blit from being a tree to next time someone sees it, it's, you know, fallen over.

[00:19:46]>> Yeah.

[00:19:47]>> Which imagine that. But like that's how the [ __ ] universe actually works.

[00:19:51]Super oversimplified again. Anyway, um, no.

[00:19:59]>> Oh, what?

[00:20:02]>> Has no bugs.

[00:20:04]>> Uh, >> AMD bug report.

[00:20:10]>> I didn't press a button.

[00:20:11]>> AMD drivers is going to love that.

[00:20:13]>> I just want to point out I didn't press a button to activate that. It just activated that after the game bugged out. Even my drivers are like, man, for no bugs. That's crazy.

[00:20:21]>> That's crazy. Anyway, anyway. Yeah. So, so time is backwards in a black hole.

[00:20:27]>> So, so the smartest thing to do in a black hole, if you want to extend your lifespan for as long as possible, >> assuming you fall in a black hole, uh, is to not move actually because any movement you do will just push you closer to the singularity and death.

[00:20:42]Okay?

[00:20:42]>> Cuz it will just bring you forwards in time.

[00:20:45]>> What is the assumption we can't escape black hole? No, it's like you cannot you cannot >> to escape a black hole. You would have to go faster than >> Okay, now my mouse isn't centered on ultra kill. That's I love how when my mouse doesn't lock in ultra kill and goes off onto my second part. Thank you, Hakita. Love that.

[00:21:05]>> Love that.

[00:21:08]>> My I had a question.

[00:21:09]>> You had a question.

[00:21:10]>> Oh, if what is the point is is the point to not move is to like spaghettify yourself less. No, no, no, no. You're you're going to get just a spaghette fight.

[00:21:21]It's just it would take longer for it to happen.

[00:21:25]>> But why would you want that?

[00:21:26]>> Well, exactly. But it's like it's like, you know, if you were trying to prolong your life as much as possible.

[00:21:31]>> Oh, okay.

[00:21:32]>> You wouldn't move because any direction you move in will just accelerate you towards your death.

[00:21:38]>> Okay. But like, wouldn't you want that if you're already Oh my god, >> I hate this game. My my my cursor doesn't lock into the center of my screen.

[00:21:49]And I love Ultrakill for that. It's so cool.

[00:21:52]>> It's so great when my cursor decides I'm actually not going to center. Can we fix this, please? Thanks, Debs.

[00:21:58]>> Yeah, they watch all of these religious.

[00:22:00]They do. Anyway, hey guys, look. Space.

[00:22:02]Wow. Crazy. Wow.

[00:22:03]>> This is the thing we're talking about.

[00:22:04]>> Insane. But yeah. No. So, like because you're moving in time like like Yes. You're drifting towards the center of the black hole.

[00:22:13]>> Yes.

[00:22:14]It's like how when you're living like time just kind of passes by you.

[00:22:18]>> Yes.

[00:22:18]>> You're just kind of passing through the black hole and there's nothing you can do about it.

[00:22:23]>> No, you you will be spaghetti.

[00:22:25]>> Like you will die. It's it's cooked, buddy. But any direction you move in will always accelerate you towards the center because any direction you move in will move you faster through time. Even if you move backwards, it will if you try moving backwards, you'll just move forwards faster. Okay. which is kind of cool. But again, we allegedly we all think this because how the [ __ ] we prove this, but you know, >> yeah, >> is that that's what the math says effectively.

[00:22:53]>> The math is, >> as far as we're aware, not yet. And by that, I mean, we know it's wrong. We don't know how. And it's currently working, so we're just not going to change it until it stops working.

[00:23:07]>> This is true.

[00:23:08]>> That's how the turret rolls anyway.

[00:23:11]Um, yeah. So, black holes are weird.

[00:23:14]>> Yes, >> black holes are really weird.

[00:23:16]>> Yes.

[00:23:17]>> Again, we don't know. We don't even know how most of them formed. Not most of, we don't know how the biggest ones even like came into existence.

[00:23:24]Got ideas.

[00:23:26]>> Oh, >> like maybe they're just like unimaginably old. They're from like just a couple million years after the universe formed, which is like, you know, it sounds like, oh, a couple million years. that that's you know that's such a long time but like no >> that's like like the first atoms formed the first atoms formed about 300,000 years after the universe came into existence.

[00:23:52]So like a couple million that's nothing.

[00:23:56]And the idea is is back then the universe was like way smaller, way hotter, way denser. There's a lot more stuff per square meter in the universe.

[00:24:05]A lot more. So, if a black hole formed, it would have a lot of stuff to eat, a lot of stuff to eat, and it wouldn't run out and it would have a lot of time to have done that.

[00:24:22]And then the second idea is again when this universe like this is probably this is my favorite one just cuz it's [ __ ] like metal as [ __ ] But like there's this idea that um uh uh when the universe was young and hot and dense and not that old again really big stars could form. Really big stars like stars that are again like multiple times the size of the solar system.

[00:24:49]I think I have but it's [ __ ] cool.

[00:24:50]So, I'm going to mention it again for the people who haven't I'm not playing A4. I'm going to mention it again for the people who who haven't heard of it before. The the quas the quasi stars, >> which is a really quasi. Yeah, that's what they're called. Um, and the idea is is like you can get like a the stars have like a limit on how big they can form.

[00:25:10]>> Yeah.

[00:25:11]>> Today, right? Because when they get too big, they start blasting off way too much radiation.

[00:25:16]>> Oh. like like they get way too strong and they blow away the dust that was forming them with how strong the radiation is. They they [ __ ] blow it away so they can't use they literally push away their own fuel.

[00:25:29]>> Oh.

[00:25:29]>> So they have like a limit on how big they can get. Like a hard limit and the only way they can get bigger is something like actively pushes stuff into it. That's the only way it can get bigger.

[00:25:42]which is really convenient when you look at the other universe because when the universe was hot and dense, the entire [ __ ] universe was pushing stuff into the star.

[00:25:52]>> So, the star got really big and it just kept getting bigger and it kept getting bigger and it wouldn't stop getting bigger. Way too big. Now, we should slow down, guys. And then the idea is the star would get so big. Uh like the way the way a star works is the gravity of just how much stuff is in the star is trying its best to collapse into a black hole. It's trying its damn hardest to to to crush itself. That sentry is still alive. I swear it's not. Anyway, so it's trying its hardest to collapse. And the stars core is is it's fusing because of how much it's being crushed. It's fusing like hydrogen together which is releasing a shitload of energy which pushes against the um collapse. Right. So stars are actually just the world's biggest like balancing act in the universe. Like like it's actually like the most fragile balance. It's insane how they they exist on the thinnest tit. It's a miracle they exist.

[00:26:53]>> Damn.

[00:26:53]>> Like it's genuinely insane. So, so you have this pressure from the star pushing down it and you have the fact that the star is pushing down itself causes itself to start fusing in its core which then pushes against the star collapsing.

[00:27:10]>> Oh, okay.

[00:27:10]>> And keeps itself in a balance.

[00:27:12]>> And the bigger the star gets, the harder it tries to collapse. The hotter it gets, the the more it fuses, the faster it fuses, the harder it pushes against the collapse, right?

[00:27:23]>> Yeah. So, as long as you have fuel in the core and enough like pressure, the star is stable. And actually, the the thing that causes red giants is when the star like runs out of fuel, it can't fuse as hard. So, it releases less energy. So, the star starts to collapse again.

[00:27:43]>> Yeah.

[00:27:44]And then that collapse makes the stars core hotter and use harder, which then lets it fuse like larger atoms, which releases more energy, which releases a shitload more energy and pushes way against gravity.

[00:28:01]So the star gets like really big.

[00:28:03]>> Oh.

[00:28:04]>> Until the star gets so big that it doesn't like fuse as hard and it like, you know, the core releases less energy.

[00:28:15]again, right? Like the star pushes harder in like the gravity pushes harder on the star.

[00:28:22]The star pushes harder back because the gravity's pushing harder and then eventually the gravity can't push as hard cuz it's in, you know, it's been blown out like crazy and and they reach a different balance. That's how like red giants work. But anyway, um the idea behind quasi stars is they got like disgustingly large. They took this to the extreme. And by the extreme, I mean uh their core got pushed so hard by the weight of the star on top of it that gravity wins, right? Even even though it's fusing like [ __ ] crazy, it's the strongest fusion reactor in the like in the history of the universe.

[00:29:02]There's too much gravity. It can't it like like you cannot produce enough radiation pressure to push against the gravity. So gravity wins, the core collapses, right? And what happens when a really big core collapses, a black hole gets formed.

[00:29:20]So So normally, right, this is the end, right? Gravity wins. Gravity wins. The core collapses. The star [ __ ] just implodes in on itself and it turns into a black hole.

[00:29:34]But what happens here is like the the core collapses. Yeah. the core turns into a black hole, but there's so much star above it that it just kind of firms it like like like it goes supernova. The core has a supernova explosion, which you know, mind you, is the largest explosion in the universe, and it just kind of tanks it like straight up and it and it doesn't it doesn't implode.

[00:30:10]Like normally what happens in a supernova is like the core collapses and it blows the outer gases of the star away. That's what a nebula is actually.

[00:30:21]You know like like nebulas and like like gas in the sky in space. Those giant gas clouds in space. That's like the leftovers of supernova.

[00:30:29]>> That's where the the sun was formed by like a ancient supernova and the gas it blew away, right? So, normally that's what happens, right? The core implodes.

[00:30:39]It leaves behind its black hole or its neutron star and a nebula forms.

[00:30:46]No, there's too much junk on top of the star. So, like, sure, it goes supernova, but there's so much gravity holding the star together that it just tanks the supernova and keeps on going.

[00:31:01]>> Wow.

[00:31:02]>> And then now you've got a black hole in the middle of this star, right? You just [ __ ] it, right? We ball a black hole in in the middle of the star. Black holes do this crazy thing called heating stuff up like [ __ ] crazy, right? They spin really fast, >> right? Like like like you know when like when you're a kid and you're on like a spinning thing and like uh you like you pull your arms in and you pull your legs in and you spin faster and you're like, "Huh, that's weird."

[00:31:30]>> Same thing applies to stars and black holes.

[00:31:33]>> It's conservation of angular momentum.

[00:31:35]It's boring. getting [ __ ] momentum.

[00:31:36]The idea, right, is like a star is spinning reasonably quickly.

[00:31:43]When it turns into a black hole, it gets a lot smaller.

[00:31:47]>> Okay, >> so it has to spin a lot faster.

[00:31:52]>> Okay, >> a lot faster. Like millions of times a second in some case. Like fast.

[00:32:03]So imagine being in that like close to that thing in its gravitational field.

[00:32:09]It's spinning millions of times a second. It's [ __ ] it's dragging you. It is pulling you along with it. And whether you like it or not and uh it's going to pull you fast. It's going to pull you really hard.

[00:32:24]And there's a lot of stuff being pulled with you. And and and you know when stuff crashes into other things really quickly, you get friction, right? You know, you rub your hands together, the faster you rub them, the harder you rub them, the the hotter your hands get.

[00:32:39]>> Yeah.

[00:32:39]>> Exact same thing.

[00:32:40]>> Okay.

[00:32:41]>> The stuff near a black hole that falling into a black hole, it rubs together and it rubs together real hard.

[00:32:47]>> Mhm.

[00:32:48]>> And it and they're at like significant fractions the speed of light. They have a lot of energy. They get really hot.

[00:32:54]You think the core of a star is hot?

[00:32:57]Yo, compared to these things, they're called accretion discs.

[00:33:02]Nothing. Pause of the core of the sun is a nothing burger compared to this thing right now. Imagine that. Uh, but inside a star, it's it's a lot stronger. It's a lot hotter. It's releasing a lot more energy than any star core ever would. So it can keep the star together. Even though it collapsed its own core and tanked a supernova because of how much gravity it has, the black hole can hold the star together because it's just it it's eating up the [ __ ] around it that [ __ ] much, right?

[00:33:45]And it's a it's it's a black hole. It's teenytiny. It's in the middle of the star. star is still pushing on this black hole. It's pushing down unimaginably hard on this black hole. It is forcing an unimaginable amount of its like the stars mass into this black hole. It's forcing it into the black hole.

[00:34:09]It has a lot of mass like you know millions of times the sun's mass right?

[00:34:17]You seeing where this is going?

[00:34:19]black hole being forced to eat a shitload of stuff that is potentially millions of times the weight of the sun.

[00:34:28]>> Ah, >> you can see now, right?

[00:34:32]Over, you know, however many million the star the star would not be alive for very long, right? Like the the sun already the sun doesn't live for that long. No, >> the sun lives for about 10 billion years on a star lifespan. That's not that long, right? Red dwarfs will live for trillions of years. M >> um the biggest and hottest stars will live for a few million years.

[00:34:53]This thing with a [ __ ] black hole eating it up, who knows? It's not going to be around for very long.

[00:35:01]>> It's not going to be around for very long.

[00:35:05]But the whole time it's around, it's just forcing mass into this black hole.

[00:35:10]And and as it's forcing mass into this black hole, the black hole is burning hotter and harder and it's pushing against the sun which which is going to be pushing it like more matter into this black hole and it just grows at unbelievably fast rate until eventually so much mass gets forced into this black hole. The star has lost so much mass.

[00:35:33]The black hole has gotten so unbelievably large and strong that even a star that unbelievably powerful would die, right?

[00:35:45]>> And what you're left with would be like unimaginably large black hole.

[00:35:53]>> And then there's this like at least I this this is my little conspiracy theory, right? This has this has no backing, no evidence. I just think this is a cool idea. You know, remember earlier, like way earlier when I said that super massive black holes are always in the center of galaxies.

[00:36:05]>> Yeah.

[00:36:06]>> If these black holes did form like a couple million years into the universe's life, right? Galaxies aren't a thing at this point.

[00:36:14]>> Yeah.

[00:36:14]>> But if these black holes are a thing and they're like these unimaginably hot, large, dense things, right? They've got a huge amount of gravity, a disgusting amount of gravity. Maybe they're like the seed that started galaxies. What the heck?

[00:36:30]>> Like like you know how like like like if you got like a a clump of wet sand, right? It will attract like more wet sand towards it.

[00:36:40]>> Why?

[00:36:41]>> Like like like it's it's hard to like sometimes like like like you you're doing something, you're trying to glue something together and you need to start with like something sticky.

[00:36:50]>> Okay.

[00:36:50]>> Right. Like like it won't all stick together. You get a bunch of sand, >> that sand's not sticking together.

[00:36:55]>> No. You make a little bit of it wet and suddenly the dry stuff will start sticking to the wet stuff.

[00:37:00]>> Okay.

[00:37:00]>> It's kind of like that. Like you've got like this whole universe. It's kind of chilling. It's doing nothing. It's mostly uniform.

[00:37:09]Mostly.

[00:37:10]And then you've got this insanely dense point, right? This point that is stupid dense, completely different to the rest of everything. And it's it's going to attract stuff towards it, right?

[00:37:22]And then the more stuff it attracts towards it, the more stuff will get attracted to it. The more stuff that gets attracted to it, the more stuff that will go towards it. And it kind of just like grows from there.

[00:37:36]And then eventually after a while, you end up with a galaxy.

[00:37:40]This is entirely like speculation and spitballing because we don't know. We have no idea what forms galaxies.

[00:37:47]There's a lot of [ __ ] to do with dark matter that we don't understand. We know it's there. We don't know how or why or what it does. So, this is I know this is wrong. What I'm saying is wrong, but no one knows what is right is the thing.

[00:38:02]>> So, there's a chance you're right.

[00:38:03]>> No.

[00:38:04]>> Oh, >> because it doesn't involve dark matter.

[00:38:05]That's a whole different anyway. Yeah.

[00:38:07]So, I think that's Lucas theory. Like these black holes, if they form like this, which they didn't, let's be honest. if they form like this and if they existed, maybe they were like the seeds for galaxies and that's why they're always in the center. We don't know why they're always in the center.

[00:38:22]So maybe that's why. I don't know.

[00:38:24]That's my little conspiracy theory.

[00:38:25]Anyway, uh I said before we started this video, you were like, "Is this going to be a half an hour long video?" And I was like, "Nah, it's 40 minutes.

[00:38:32]>> I'm so hungry."

[00:38:34]>> What the [ __ ] did I miss? [ __ ] Heat.

[00:38:54]Hey, Heat.