Background Characters In Jane Austen's Emma

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[00:00:00]Hi, welcome. If you've been following along with my Emma series, you know that I've already looked at many of the big players in the adaptation, the novel, the Woodhouses, the westerns, the Bates family. Those videos and others are in already in my playlist link up here. But in today's video, as I previously did in my Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility series, I'm concentrating on those characters that sort of appear in the background. In Austin's world, every character exists because Jane Austin needed them as a plot driver or a social mirror. Now I believe Jane Austin was a social reformer in her own quiet way and she used these background figures to highlight changing social climates like the rise of new money trades people or to show us exactly why Emma's worldview is so flawed. If you ignore the background, you can miss the message. In this video, I'm going to look at the 10 figures who provide the social noise and the essential gear turning of the novel.

[00:01:09]So, we got the Martins, Robert and his sister Elizabeth, the industrious heartbeat of the English farm. Mrs. Churchill, the invisible antagonist holding the puppet strings from afar, Colonel Campbell and the Dixons, the outside world where characters who fuel Emma's wild imagination exist. Mr. Perry, the apothecary, and Mrs. Godard, the school mistress, who is the village infrastructure, the Coohl's and the Coxes, the families who represent the new social order and who challenge the old status quo. By the end of this video, I hope you'll see that these characters aren't just scenery. They're the very reason the story is able to move forward at all. So, let's get started.

[00:01:56]The Martins, Robert and Elizabeth.

[00:02:00]To understand why the Martins were so vital to the story, we have to look at what was happening in Hibbury before Emma even laid eyes on Harriet Smith. In many adaptations, Robert Martin is a man of few words. But in the novel, his presence is a constant, steady pressure on Emma's rigid worldview. We often forget that Harriet was already integrated into the Martin family long before Emma decided to improve her.

[00:02:29]>> Oh, that was my Mr. Martin. You know, my friend that I spent such a happy summer with.

[00:02:34]>> Harriet had spent 6 weeks at Abby Mill Farm that previous summer. And she wasn't just a guest. She was part of their world. She was eating gooseberries in the garden, walking the fields with Robert, and forming a genuine sisterly bond with Elizabeth. This backstory is crucial because it proves that the romantic connection between Harriet and Robert was organic and sincere. It wasn't born of social climbing or vanity. It was a simple, honest attraction between two people who actually liked each other's company before Emma's social engineering tore them apart. In Jane Austin's world, the relationship between Harriet and Elizabeth acts as the proof of concept for the relationship with Robert. You can tell a lot about a man by the character of his sisters and the way he treats them. The fact that Harriet fits seamlessly into Elizabeth's life proves she was a perfect match for Robert.

[00:03:32]>> Our mother's been asking for you. Will you come and visit us again?

[00:03:37]>> For Harriet, falling for the Martins wasn't just about the man. It was about falling for a family and a way of life that made her feel safe and valued. the exact opposite of the status focused world Emma tries to push her into.

[00:03:53]Robert is the ultimate plot driver for Emma's growth, or her total lack of it for much of the book. He's an industrious, literate, and highly successful farmer. Even Mr. Nightly, who is perhaps the most critical judge of character in the novel, considers him a remarkably goodteeered, good-hearted man. You roof timmers, I must say, George, you are an indulgent landlord.

[00:04:18]>> Well, young Martin's very good tenant.

[00:04:20]He farms the land well. I think he deserves it.

[00:04:22]>> But for Emma, Robert represents a threat to her social security. When he writes that proposal letter to Harriet, Emma's forced into a corner because she actually admits the letter was too good for a man she wants to label as coarse and unrefined. Rather than admitting she's wrong about his character, she engages in a bit of classic confirmation bias, deciding his sisters must have helped him write it. This is Austin showing us that Emma would rather invent a lie than acknowledge that a mere farmer could have a more refined mind than her own. But we need to look at the heartbreak involved here. When Harriet rejects him under Emma's heavy influence, Robert doesn't just disappear. Austin gives us a glimpse into his grief through Mr. Nightly, who observes that Robert is downcast and clearly suffering. But there's a profound dignity in his silence. He doesn't harass Harriet. He accepts her decision with the grace of a true gentleman. Yet his heart remains fixed.

[00:05:28]He continues his work and remains a loyal friend and tenant to Nightly. It's this steadfastness that eventually leads to their resolution. When Robert is in London on business, his natural honest character so impresses Mr. Nightly that Nightly realizes Robert's feelings haven't changed. Robert doesn't go to Nightly to kind of bypass Emma. He simply remains the same worthy man he always was, which gives Nightly the confidence to encourage him to try again. Then there's Elizabeth. While the romantic heart of the section is Harriet and Robert, the moral heart is Harriet's friendship with Elizabeth. Elizabeth is the emotional proof of the farm's worth.

[00:06:14]Austin uses Elizabeth to show us exactly what Harriet is losing by following Emma's advice.

[00:06:20]>> She came up to me and spoke. Oh, she said, "I'm sorry we never meet." When Emma forces Harriet to snub Elizabeth at Ford's shop, it's one of the most painful moments of social awkwardness in the novel. Elizabeth isn't just a minor character here. She's the mirror reflecting Emma's cruelty. We see Elizabeth's confusion and hurt. She doesn't understand why her friend has suddenly turned cold. But even after that snub, Elizabeth's heart remains open. In the novel, when Harriet finally returns to Abby Mill at the end, Elizabeth receives her with unaffected joy. This tells us everything we need to know about the Martin family's character. They're capable of a level of forgiveness and constancy that Emma herself hasn't yet mastered. The reason we stay invested in the future of Robert Martin and Harriet Smith is that their happy ever after serves as the final test for Emma's growth.

[00:07:23]>> I hope you'll both be very happy and I hope you'll come and visit us soon at Hartfield.

[00:07:28]>> By the time they finally unite, Emma has already been humbled by her cruelty towards Miss Bates and the sudden jarring realization of her own feelings for Mr. Nightly. But the news of this marriage is the ultimate full circle moment. For most of the novel, we are quite rightly furious with Emma for breaking these two people apart. But look at how Austin rewards Robert's character. Despite being snubbed and rejected, he remains consistent. When he finally proposes again to Harriet, she accepts. It's a massive I told you so from Jane Austin to Emma and Emma is forced to realize that the man she called unworthy was actually the most stable sincere person in the entire story. In the 2020 film, we see a lovely visual of Emma visiting the farm. A physical apology.

[00:08:22]>> Mr. Martin, I have a confession to make. I have caused you great suffering.

[00:08:31]But in the text, the reform is even deeper. Emma is forced to welcome the entire Martin family into her social circle, and she has to admit her genius matchmaking was a total failure. And Robert's simple, honest love was more powerful than her social snobbery.

[00:08:50]Robert Martin didn't just get the girl, he defeated Emma's world view. He proves that the industrious heartbeat of England is more than a match for the bored daughter of a gentleman.

[00:09:04]Mrs. Churchill, the invisible antagonist. If Robert Martin is the character who humbles Emma, Mrs. Churchill is the character who dictates the timing of everyone's lives from a distance. And she does it with a single powerful weapon, her own ill health. In any other novel, the antagonist would be someone standing in the room. But Austin makes Mrs. Churchill an invisible force.

[00:09:28]To understand her malice, we have to look at her history with the Western family. Mrs. Churchill's primary motivation is the deep-seated aristocratic resentment. She never forgave her sister for marrying Mr. Western whom she viewed as socially inferior, a mere man of no family compared to the Churchills of Ensken.

[00:09:51]When her sister died, Mrs. Churchill essentially purchased Frank, taking him away from his father to be raised as a Churchill. By doing this, she didn't just adopt a nephew. She asserted her dominance over Mr. Weston, punishing him for his audacity by depriving him of his son. Her dislike of Mr. Weston is a cold, enduring snobbery that echoes Emma's own early prejudices, but without any of Emma's warmth or capacity for change. Mrs. Churchill falls squarely into Austin's category of the commanding matriarch, but with a psychological twist.

[00:10:32]>> My only complaint is that Mrs. Churchill likes to keep him at her beck and call in Yorkshire so that he's not able to be here as often as he would wish. While Lady Katherine Deerberg was a loud front-facing bully who uses her rank to intimidate, Mrs. Churchill is far more dangerous because she uses her fragility as a leash. Lady Catherine will tell you to your face that you are beneath her.

[00:10:54]>> Who are your uncles and aunts? Do not imagine me ignorant of their condition.

[00:10:59]>> Mrs. Churchill will simply have a nervous seizure the moment you try to exert your own independence. She's a refined version of Mrs. Smith from Sense and Sensibility, Willoughy's aunt, who holds the purse strings and demands the total moral and social compliance in exchange for an inheritance.

[00:11:20]Both women use the promise of future wealth to paralyze the younger generation in the present. Now, Austin is likely showing us the tyranny of the invalid. While we might initially pity an alien an alien woman, we quickly see that her symptoms are remarkably convenient. They flare up exactly when Frank tries to visit library or when the Churchill pride is peaked.

[00:11:46]>> Who can tell? It would seem she's far too unwell to do without me. I dare say I shall arrive at Ensum and find her quite recovered.

[00:11:54]She represents the old stagnant wealth of the north that uses fragility to form a social cage. In Regency world, this is a very powerful dynamic. Without a profession, men like Frank Churchill were entirely dependent on the whims of those who held the family estate. Mrs. Churchill isn't just a character. She's the personification of the old guard that refuses to let the world move on.

[00:12:21]The real heart of the matter, however, is what her death represents. It's only when she's removed from the equation that the truth can finally come out. Her character proves that in this society, you weren't just waiting for love. You were often waiting for a death to allow you to breathe. Jane Fairfax's health is failing. Frank's nerves are shattering.

[00:12:44]And the entire plot is knotted tight because one woman refuses to let go of her power. when she dies just in time.

[00:12:52]Austin isn't being lazy with the plot.

[00:12:54]She's making a sharp point.

[00:12:56]>> Will be free.

[00:12:59]>> Though, of course, we're all very sad that Mrs. Chuchel has died.

[00:13:02]>> Sometimes for the new order of productive, sincere people to begin, the old controlling structure of pride and pranginess must literally pass away.

[00:13:13]Mrs. Churchill is the obstacle that love cannot negotiate with. She's the wall that only morality can break down.

[00:13:22]And many of you have commented that perhaps Frank Churchill did away with Mrs. Churchill. I'll leave that one for you to ponder.

[00:13:34]Colonel Campbell, the guardian of the secret. Colonel Campbell is the invisible father figure who provides the entire foundation for the Jane Fairfax mystery. He was a friend of Jane's late father who took her in out of a sense of duty and affection, giving her an education and a life of refinement that her own family could never afford.

[00:13:56]However, this existence creates a painful paradox.

[00:14:00]He's just given Jane the education and the manners of gentry, but cannot give her the inheritance of one because he must provide for his own daughter.

[00:14:10]Jane's time in his household is essentially a forced grace period before she has to face the reality of the governness trade. Austin includes Campbell to show us a different kind of gentleman than Mr. Woodhouse. While Mr. Woodhouse appears as selfishly obsessed with his own health, Colonel Campbell is quietly, selflessly doing his best for a girl who isn't even his. He is a plot provider because his decision to go to Weimouth is what brought Jane and Frank Churchill into the same social circle.

[00:14:44]Without the Campbell's hospitality, the secret engagement never happens.

[00:14:49]Austin's intention for the colonel is to demonstrate that even the most honorable protection has its limits. His inability to secure Jane's long-term future is the very thing that forces the plot into motion. Mr. and Mrs. Dixon, the catalyst of jealousy. The Dixons are significant characters who almost never set foot in Hybrid. In fact, I not sure I can show you a picture of them or any footage from an adaptation because they never appear.

[00:15:21]Hang on.

[00:15:23]If you look closely at the Waymouth Flashback in 2009 version, you can catch a glimpse of the couple on the beach where Jane is chaperoning them. But for the most part, they are phantom characters whose existence fuels the rumors of the drawing rooms of Hybrid.

[00:15:41]After years of hearing about Jane's accomplishments, Emma finds the reality of Jane's presence frustrating. When Jane remains cold and refuses to reciprocate Emma's attempts at rapport, that frustration manifests as speculation involving the Dixons. The gossip regarding them represents Emma's tendency to let her imagination run away with her when she's bored or socially rebuffed. Austin uses the Dixons to show how a polite society can use the names of absent people to fill the silence of a room. They are essential plot providers because of the Irish connection. When Colonel Campbell decides to visit the Dixons in Ireland, the expectation that Jane will accompany them creates a now or never pressure on the secret engagement. This looming departure and the distance it would put between the lovers is the primary engine behind Frank Churchill's increasingly reckless behavior. Austin's intention with the Dixons is to create a false trail by providing a plausible alternative for the origin of the secret piano. She maintains the mystery of the actual engagement until the final reveal. The Dixons therefore represent the life of security and marriage that Jane is currently denied. They serve as a benchmark for what Jane's life might have looked like had she been the one to marry, making her impending move towards the governor's trade feel even more urgent and tragic to the observer.

[00:17:21]Mrs. Godard, the respectable bridge.

[00:17:24]Mrs. Godard is the mistress of the local boarding school, and she acts as the bridge between the gentleman class and the working class of Hibbury. Jane Austin describes her as a plain motherly kind of woman, which suggests someone who is reliable and fundamentally settled in her life. Unlike Emma, who views Harriet as a project to be molded, Mrs. Godard views Harriet as a person to be cared for. She provides the stable, sensible middle ground that allows someone like Harriet Smith, a girl of no family, to have a legitimate place in respectable society.

[00:18:02]>> Harriet has been with us since she was a very pretty young girl. She will remain here to help with the little ones. She has been to stay at her friends, the Martins, for the holidays.

[00:18:12]>> Mrs. Goddard's school provides a reputable education and a social opening for girls who might not otherwise have had such an opportunity. By focusing on her, we see that Harriet was perfectly happy and well adjusted in her own circle before the matchmaking began.

[00:18:30]Mrs. Godard represents the functional grounded side of Hibbury. Someone who is entirely contented within her own social sphere and feels no need to push for higher status. And she is a key plot provider because she's the one who introduces Harriet into Emma's world, unwittingly setting the entire chain of events in motion.

[00:18:56]Mr. Perry, the social connector. Mr. Perry is Hibre's Apothecary and while he never speaks a line of dialogue in the novel, he is the most cited authority in the book. You might recognize him from the 1996 ITV film where he is a visible presence, but in Austin's text, he's a silent character.

[00:19:17]>> Yes, >> Mr. Perry, in fact, he's not altogether against eggs, are you, Mr. Perry?

[00:19:21]>> Against eggs? No, indeed. A softboiled egg will do you no harm. Austin uses Perry as a narrative tool to emphasize Mr. Woodhouse's hyperchondria. To Mr. Woodhouse, Perry is the final word on safety. Every bowl of grl and every change in the wind is checked against what Perry says.

[00:19:43]>> There you are, Mrs. Bass. Mr. Perry says it is all right.

[00:19:47]>> By having Mr. Woodhouse constantly invoking Perry's name. Austin shows us how much the Woodhouse's world revolves around the fear of ill health. Without Perry ever having to confirm those opinions himself beyond Hartfield, Perry serves as a vital channel for news because he's the trusted professional who travels from house to house. He's a font of knowledge for the entire community. He isn't a gossip, but in a small village, a man with his standing who has access to every home becomes the social glue.

[00:20:24]>> Ah, Mr. Smith, you're being well, address.

[00:20:29]>> No, I'm very well now. Thank you, Mr. Perry.

[00:20:32]>> Austin's intention is to show how information flows through the trusted person in a close-knit society. Now, here's an interesting factoid for you.

[00:20:42]You know, I've often mentioned the crossover of adaptations and how we often see actors and actresses appearing in different Jane Austin versions. Well, Peter Howell, who plays Mr. Perry in the 96 ITV adaptation, was also Sir William Lucas in the 1980 version of Pride and Prejudice.

[00:21:03]>> Mr. Darcy, you cannot refuse to dance when so much beauty is before you. I do like catching those moments where you see someone, you think, where have I seen that face before? Especially when they are kind of the lesserk known actors. Think Blake Ritson. He played Mr. Elton in the 2009 version of Emma, but he was also Edmund Bertram in the 2007 adaptation of Mansfield Park. Lucy Robinson plays Louisa Hurst and Mrs. Elton. And Johnny Lee Miller, well, he's the rare Triple Crown winner because he played a young Price Brother in the 1983 Mansfield Park version. Then the lead, Edmund Bertram, in the 1999 Mansfield Park film. And of course, finally, the definitive Mr. Nightly in the 2009 Emma.

[00:21:52]And I think I might have the makings of an interesting video there. you know, the crossover, all the little characters based on the actors and the actresses where we've seen them in different adaptations.

[00:22:05]But now that I've said that, someone will pinch the idea, so I better get on it.

[00:22:10]The Coohl's, the new money threat. The Coohl's represent the rising middle class of Hybrid.

[00:22:17]They're the family who made their fortune through trade and have now become wealthy enough to rival the established gentry in everything but lineage. Emma's initial reaction to them is pure social gatekeeping.

[00:22:32]>> Of course, we shall have to decline as they are beneath us. But I don't wish them to hope for.

[00:22:38]>> Austin gives us a direct look into Emma's internal monologue regarding their status. The coals were very respectable in their way, but they ought to be taught that it was not for them to settle the terms on which any family of high standing should admit them. Emma finds it presumptuous that their unusual commercial prosperity should allow them to lead the town's social scene, considering they are low of origin in trade and only moderately gentile. She even spends time planning how to politely snub their invitations to teach them a lesson about their place. Classic moment where landed gentry pride gets the better of her.

[00:23:23]>> Why do they not write? Perhaps they know I must reject them.

[00:23:27]>> However, the coals are so genuinely friendly and well-liked that Emma's plan doesn't stand a chance against the town's collective enthusiasm. The coals therefore serve as a social barometer for the village. When she realizes that even the discerning Mr. Nightly has accepted, Emma is forced to abandon her pride so she doesn't miss out on the event of the season.

[00:23:53]>> But I cannot tell you how delighted I am to have been invited.

[00:23:58]>> The calls are initially plot providers because their party is the setting for major developments. It's here that the mystery of Jane's anonymous gift becomes the primary topic of conversation.

[00:24:11]>> Mr. Woodhouse, would you do us the honor of trying our piano forte?

[00:24:16]>> The dinner provides the perfect stage for Frank Churchill to tease Jane publicly about the piano and for the tensions of their secret engagement to simmer just beneath the surface of a polite dinner party. The Cox's The Social Warning. Mr. Cox is a hybrid lawyer. Because being a lawyer was considered a gentleman's profession, but one that still required him to work for a living, it placed him in a very awkward social situation. He was high enough to be respected, but he didn't share the same leisured lifestyle as the landed gentry like the Woodhouses. For Emma, the Cox family represents the social boundaries of her world. They are neighbors that she's civil to, but they exist just outside the intimate elite circle that she considers her true equals. Austin uses the Cox family to highlight Emma's massive hypocrisy. When Harriet begins to chatter enthusiastically about William Cox, Emma finds herself in a bind. She spent the entire novel claiming to want the best for Harriet. Yet she would rather see her friend married to a per and fashionable lawyer's son than to a dignified hard-working farmer like Robert Martin. Emma's description of William reveals her bias towards old school manners. A per smiling swelling man dressed in very fashionable dinner clothes who believes himself the fine gentleman. Ultimately, the Coxes are included to show the moral gray area of the social ladder. They are above the Martins in rank, but in Emma's own biased descriptions, they often seem below them in character. By including them, Austin forces the reader to ask which is more important, a title or a heart. They serve as the final proof that Emma's matchmaking was rarely about Harriet's happiness. It was more often about maintaining Emma's own rigid definition of social pride.

[00:26:24]Conclusion.

[00:26:26]To truly appreciate Emma, we have to look at where it sits in Jane Austin's career. Her earlier works like Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice focused almost exclusively on the land to gentry and the clergy, the world of estates and inheritances. But in hybrid, Austin does something radical. She broadens the lens. She takes the lower classes and the professional middle and moves them from the background to the center of the stage. We aren't just hearing about these people. We're seeing how their lives, their shops, and their social aspirations actively drive the plot. From the heights of Donwell Abbey and Hartfield down to the cramped rooms of Miss Bates, Austin weaves a complete social tapestry. And this is Austin at the height of her powers, using a small village to provide a masterclass in social commentary. She shows us that a low farmer like Robert Martin can possess more dignity than a fashionable lawyer like William Cox. and that a wealthy darling like Emma has as much to learn as anyone else. By weaving these background characters into the very fabric of her story, Austin proves that the small lives of the country village contain all the drama, humor, and moral complexity of the wider world. Hybrid isn't just a setting. It's a living, breathing social map that changed the way the English novel looked at class forever. And so as I close this chapter on hybrid, I want to leave you with a challenge. The next time you pick up a copy of Emma or sit down to watch one of the adaptations, try and look past the central whirlwind of Emma and Harriet Smith. It is easy to get swept up in Emma's blunders and Harriet's heartbreaks, but Jane Austin's true genius lies in the margins. Every time Mr. Perry is mentioned in a passing remark or the Miss Coxes are brought up as a social threat. Remember that you're looking at a master architect at work.

[00:28:40]These characters exist for a reason.

[00:28:42]They provide the friction, the stakes, and the reality that forces Emma to grow. Don't just gloss over the village shopkeepers or the impoverished neighbors. Take a moment to realize the importance of their existence. Without the Martins, we wouldn't see Emma's prejudice. Without the Coohl's, we wouldn't see her pride. And without the invisible influence of the Campbell and the Dixons, the mystery of the secret piano, would never have taken root.

[00:29:12]Hybrid is a complete world, and every inhabitant, no matter how small their role, is essential to the story. If you revisit the work with fresh eyes, take a look at the people in the shadows.

[00:29:25]because in Austin's world, there's no such thing as an unimportant character.

[00:29:33]Thank you so much for watching. I hope you join me in the next video. I'll try not to make it too long, but work is going well. So, thank you for all your good wishes on that one. And now it's just juggling two jobs, a day job and a YouTube job.

[00:29:52]It is a job. I'm earning income from two streams now. YouTube's supporting me, my day job supporting me. When I hit 100,000 subscribers, I will give up the day job and just do YouTube. And on that point, I think I saw something on Facebook today that the other Bennett sister is now available for the US market. I don't know what platform it's streaming on. Is it um PBS or I don't I don't I I don't know any American channels. Maybe you do. But because this other Bennett sisters now streaming in America and available, I think that the channel might grow a little more again. Let's hope so.

[00:30:41]Anyway, I hope you'll join me in the next video. Bye for now.