Crude oil is separated into different fuels through fractional distillation in a tall tower called a fractionating column, where heating causes the oil to vaporize and different components separate at various heights based on their boiling points: bitumen (heaviest, bottom) for roads, fuel oil for ships, lubricating oil for engines, diesel for trucks, kerosene for jet fuel, naphtha for plastics, petrol for cars, and gases (lightest, top) for cooking gas.
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⚡ How Petroleum Becomes Petrol, Diesel & LPG 🛢️ | One Shot Chemistry Magic 🔥 #usa #canada #uk #austAdded:
After the crude oil turns into hot vapor, it enters a tall tower called a fractionating column.
As the vapor rises, the temperature decreases, so everything separates at different levels.
At the very bottom, the heaviest part, bitumen, is collected. Used to build roads.
Just above that, fuel oil forms, used in ships and large factories.
Above that, lubricating oil is collected, used in engines and machinery.
Then comes diesel, used to power trucks and buses.
Higher up, kerosene forms, used as jet fuel.
>> [music] >> Above that, naphtha is collected, used to make plastics and chemicals. [music] Then petrol forms, the fuel used in cars.
And at the very top, where it's coolest, gases are formed, used as cooking gas.
All of this comes from a single raw material, crude oil.
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