Moore’s voting algorithm in C++

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Moore's Voting Algorithm is a technique for finding the majority element in an array, where a majority element is defined as an element that appears more than n/2 times in an array of size n. The algorithm works by maintaining a candidate and a counter: when encountering the same candidate, increment the counter; when encountering a different element, decrement the counter. If the counter reaches zero, a new candidate is selected. This algorithm runs in O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity, making it highly efficient for identifying the majority element in a single pass through the data.