History for UPSC Prelims 2026 | Complete Discussion | Avadh Ojha

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[00:00:01][music] >> Jai Hind, friends.

[00:00:10]Welcome to Aram IAS.

[00:00:13]And uh we are going to come out with IAS Bharat.

[00:00:18]Bharat means, you know, knowledge.

[00:00:21]Aram IAS is a very renowned institute from Tamil Nadu having a a great legacy of past 15 years, almost past 15 years.

[00:00:31]If you see the podcast of various toppers, you'll find you'll listen the name of Aram IAS and do not miss test series from them.

[00:00:42]So, what we are going we are going to take an initiative for this Bharat.

[00:00:48]It This benefit will not be limited only to Tamil Nadu. Now, it is going to spread in entire India, that is Bharat.

[00:00:56]So, once you are clear with your prelims, or you are struggling with the prelims, or you are in doubt with the prelims, you can join our crash course in Delhi online free of cost.

[00:01:15]Value addition program which was going on in Tamil Nadu, which was joined by many toppers. Because Kundu, Sonali Jha, Kiran Kumte, Harsh Nehra, you'll find the podcast of all these people.

[00:01:29]They benefited from it.

[00:01:31]They got the value addition, they got the matter, they got multiple things from there.

[00:01:36]And now, it's your turn. And we are going to start the initiative in North India with this gift to you, free crash course.

[00:01:45]Now, prelims is always a challenge for civil service aspirant. Always.

[00:01:53]You know why it is a challenge? The major reason that it is a challenge is the objective of the examination is elimination.

[00:02:04]See the objective. Once you are entering into exam or a competition, see the objective.

[00:02:10]If you see the a competition of CDS then you see SSC, then you come to IAS.

[00:02:17]All are competition.

[00:02:19]But all the three approaches are different. Why?

[00:02:23]Because all the three's demand is different.

[00:02:26]The demand of prelims, the core objective is of the prelim is to eliminate a huge number. For example, 5 lakh people appear for prelims.

[00:02:36]4 lakh 90,000 to be eliminated. So, the paper will be framed in such a way just pay attention to my line. The paper will be framed in such a way that majority are going to be confused in the examination hall.

[00:02:55]Majority will not fail because of lack of knowledge. No. This year's paper You see this year's paper, it seems very tough.

[00:03:05]But then also 10,000 people will write means.

[00:03:11]Yes, it is tough, no doubt.

[00:03:13]There are many shocks in this paper.

[00:03:16]Ethics questions, they are a shock.

[00:03:20]Then if you see the framing of the questions questions within a question.

[00:03:26]This is the first time I'm seeing the paper that this is the new parameter.

[00:03:30]You you got a question and in that question there is a question.

[00:03:36]What is objective?

[00:03:38]The objective is that all those people who have lost their calmness all those people who have lost their patience all those people who got worried after seeing the paper should lose immediately.

[00:04:03]So, I'm I accept I accept that paper is challenging.

[00:04:08]No doubt.

[00:04:09]And in case if the paper is challenging as this is this was challenging for everyone who was there in the examination.

[00:04:20]It was not very any particular person.

[00:04:23]It was not very for any particular area.

[00:04:27]But those who planned before restarting your preparation, before entering into this preparation please go through the podcast of Aramis by all the toppers. Please, and listen to them carefully.

[00:04:46]Everyone everyone has given a unique mantra.

[00:04:53]And wars require strategy.

[00:04:59]They not only require weapons.

[00:05:02]America is rich in weapons.

[00:05:05]You see how tough challenge Iran gave to them?

[00:05:08]Strategy.

[00:05:12]So, let's start with the history paper.

[00:05:15]And Ah.

[00:05:29]Let's start with the history paper. I was very happy after seeing this paper because 20 questions from history.

[00:05:36]At least they gave weightage to history again.

[00:05:41]But paper was designed in such a good way. See the first question.

[00:05:46]Consider the following assertion.

[00:05:49]What is the assertion? In the Pleistocene period, either the Yamuna once flowed into the Indus or the Sutlej flowed into the Yamuna.

[00:05:59]You are in pressure. I'm not in pressure. When I'm reading the question, I'm not in pressure.

[00:06:04]But when you were sitting in the examination, you were in pressure. You got confused. You got it. My God, what they are saying?

[00:06:09]See, either the Yamuna either the Yamuna was flowing into Indus or Sutlej flowed into Yamuna.

[00:06:25]And one major tributary of either See the change in the direction.

[00:06:36]Sutlej, Yamuna, Indus.

[00:06:40]And then the question changes the track and says and one major tributary of either had shifted from the Ganga to the Indus.

[00:06:50]Or vice versa.

[00:06:55]I guarantee, I assure that majority of you would have collapsed.

[00:07:04]But you don't have to worry about the question because the Nadi Sukta of the Rigveda. Which of the following are the basis of the above assertion? Basis.

[00:07:13]I always say, when you are solving the question of prelims, keep a colorful pen and underline the keywords. What are the Which of the following are the basis of this assertion?

[00:07:25]Okay. One tributary major tributary of either had shifted from the Ganga to the Indus or vice versa.

[00:07:32]Matlab, Ganga to Indus or Indus to Ganga.

[00:07:37]What is the basis? The Nadi Sukta of Rigveda.

[00:07:41]Which talks about Ganga and Indus, no doubt. The explorations of Sutlej and the Yamuna by Robert Bruce Foote.

[00:07:51]The presence of the same species.

[00:08:01]Of dolphins in both the Indus and the Ganga river basins. See?

[00:08:08]Presence of a species.

[00:08:15]If you read that book Homo sapiens.

[00:08:18]>> [clears throat] >> That famous book of Homo Homo sapiens. It talks about the migration of people from one area to another right from the Stone Age and pre-Stone Age and all that.

[00:08:38]A species became a very strong medium for all these type of connectivities.

[00:08:44]Three is the answer.

[00:08:45]Three is valid.

[00:08:47]Shared dolphin species indicate ancient river connectivity.

[00:08:54]One is mythic river Rigveda First one is mythic Rigvedic text not geological evidence. Is modern exploration not Pleistocene proof of river course shift.

[00:09:11]A species.

[00:09:13]The accurate answer.

[00:09:16]They give the glance to yes.

[00:09:21]This would have happened.

[00:09:23]So, this was the answer of the first question. Now, we can let's come to the second question.

[00:09:28]What does an empty seat represent in early Buddhist iconography?

[00:09:45]>> Bush.

[00:09:47]Instrument.

[00:10:01]Oh.

[00:10:05]>> [music] >> Oh.

[00:10:14]What does an empty represent What does an empty seat represent? Again, empty seat.

[00:10:20]Represent in early Buddhist iconography.

[00:10:25]Now, you know what Buddha used to talk say about meditation?

[00:10:28]He used to say, when people used to ask him "Kishore Prabhu Bhagwan What happens? Finally, what happens in meditation?"

[00:10:39]So, he used to say "Keep peeling out the onions.

[00:10:42]And when you peel out the onions, finally nothing comes out."

[00:10:53]So, basically expressing what?

[00:10:56]The Shunyata.

[00:10:59]Answer is the meditation of the Buddha.

[00:11:07]I mean, when you read the books, when you read the stories This is the beauty of civil service, no?

[00:11:16]They'll frame the questions to brainstorm you.

[00:11:22]In the questions in the pressure of the paper, are you present? If you're present, you got the answer.

[00:11:28]Just by seeing the empty empty seat.

[00:11:32]>> empty seat Second question.

[00:11:55]Symbols of worship Art historians had had to acquire familiarity with hagiographies of the Buddha in order to understand Buddhist sculpture. According to hagiographies, the Buddha attained enlightenment while meditating under a tree. Many early sculptures did not show the Buddha in human form. Instead, they showed his presence through symbols. The empty seat was meant to indicate the meditation of the Buddha.

[00:12:19]And the stupa was meant to represent the Mahaparinirvana.

[00:12:24]Another frequently used symbol was wheel. This stood for the first sermon of the Buddha, Dharmachakra Pravartana.

[00:12:32]So, stupa stands for what?

[00:12:35]Mahaparinirvana.

[00:12:38]One is nirvana.

[00:12:40]Nirvana He got sunlightenment, but he's present in the body. That is nirvana.

[00:12:45]When he finally leaves the body, that becomes Mahaparinirvana. What is the symbol for Mahaparinirvana? Stupa.

[00:12:52]Then, another frequently used symbol was wheel.

[00:12:55]A new era starts.

[00:12:57]Dharmachakra Pravartana, wheel.

[00:13:00]This stood for the first sermon of the Buddha delivered at Sarnath. As is obvious, such sculptures cannot be understood literally. For instance, the tree does not stand First sermon wheel.

[00:13:23]Buddha's Mahaparinirvana, stupa.

[00:13:27]Mahabhinishkramana, when what happens?

[00:13:33]The horse collapses.

[00:13:37]The charioteer Channa has taken the horse, the chariot.

[00:13:42]The horse collapses. That was Maha Maha bhinishkramana.

[00:13:47]So, everything has a symbol. See the approach of asking the question.

[00:13:52]Very simple question. I hope many of you would have done it. And uh worshipping the Bodhi tree, notice the tree, the seed, and the people around it. Worshipping the stupa, sitting in motion, the wheel of Dharma.

[00:14:05]This was second question. Which of the following pairs of ancient and modern names of rivers are correctly matched?

[00:14:12]Now, this third one following pairs of rivers correctly When you sit in the examination, most of the time what happens, you know?

[00:14:26]You get confused.

[00:14:29]Correctly or not correctly?

[00:14:31]When you are in hurry, when you are impatient This is the answer. Third is the answer.

[00:14:37]And you know why?

[00:14:38]This is the river Parushini, which is famous for the Battle of Ten Kings.

[00:14:46]A very famous battle of Rigvedic period.

[00:14:50]Centered around the king Sudas.

[00:14:56]But then, we are not going to miss the other rivers.

[00:15:05]We are not going to miss the other rivers.

[00:15:09]So, Vitasta, Jhelum Asikni, Chenab Sutudri, Sutlej You have to do one thing.

[00:15:17]Data is written in front of you.

[00:15:20]Put a question mark and find out what were the famous incidents on the banks of these rivers.

[00:15:31]Battle of Chausa, which river? Ganga.

[00:15:37]Battle of Ghaggar.

[00:15:39]Every river is related with a incident.

[00:15:46]And this is called as the formula of 1:4.

[00:15:54]So, Askini, Chenab, Vitasta.

[00:15:58]Sorry.

[00:16:09]Answer is three. [clears throat] Again, a very general question. Hope majority would have of you would have solved it.

[00:16:19]I met a topper this year.

[00:16:23]We had a very good conversation with her and she is Sonali Jha, 89th rank.

[00:16:29]Wonderful, great lady.

[00:16:31]Great.

[00:16:32]And you know, what was the line she quoted to me while discussion?

[00:16:36]She said "Kishor, practice is an art."

[00:16:41]And I tell you, this was said by almost all the toppers.

[00:16:46]Then, Kiran Kamte, 89th Kiran Kamte, 55th rank. You know what he said to me?

[00:16:51]He said "Sir, some people think that if I'm doing a test series and I'm getting marks, they bother only about their marks."

[00:16:58]Sometimes they do cheating also.

[00:17:02]That test series are not to enhance your status while preparation.

[00:17:07]The test series are basically to create your report card.

[00:17:12]Which portion is weak? Which subject is weak?

[00:17:16]Which type of questions I do wrong?

[00:17:22]So, the most important role of test series is self-assessment.

[00:17:30]This was said by almost all the toppers.

[00:17:32]Just see the podcast.

[00:17:34]Just see the podcast of Varun IAS.

[00:17:36]Aniket Ranjan from Bihar.

[00:17:39]Wonderful man.

[00:17:40]Wonderful.

[00:17:42]He has spoken in such a way. He has opened all the secrets of civil services.

[00:17:47]Harsh Nehra.

[00:17:52]I asked him to say, "You are the brother of Ashish Nehra?" And he said, "No, sir."

[00:18:01]Rohit Kumar.

[00:18:02]Again, a very young man.

[00:18:05]Listen to them.

[00:18:07]Test series is to enhance your status from lower level to a higher level.

[00:18:16]Fourth question. Which of the following statements on the Amravati Stupa statements on Amravati Stupa?

[00:18:26]At least 10 stupas of India are very famous.

[00:18:29]One of them is Amravati.

[00:18:32]Sanchi, Sarnath.

[00:18:35]Here only you write down the name of all the 10 stupas.

[00:18:38]Sanchi, Sarnath, Amravati, Nashik.

[00:18:43]And write write down the specialty of these stupas. You see, at least 10 facts will be prepared here.

[00:18:50]So, which [clears throat] of the following statements on the Amravati Stupa and its relief and sculpture is not all asking about a stupa. He is asking about relief sculpture are correct. Correct. Correct.

[00:19:03]This is the main question. Correct.

[00:19:09]It was located in the lower Krishna Valley, correct? In India, it was next only to the Sanchi stupa in size. No. The Amaravati school of sculpture made a lasting impact on the later South Indian sculpture, and its products were carried to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.

[00:19:29]One and three.

[00:19:31]Other features, common man for the first time is depicted in this stupa.

[00:19:37]In the relief scriptures of Amaravati stupa, not only this, expressions are the key features.

[00:19:44]Marble is used.

[00:19:49]The fourth question, answer is B, one and three only.

[00:20:01]Fifth, which of the following pairs of the king king and his dynasty in early historical Tamilakam, Tamil Nadu, is not correctly matched? Again, not correctly matched. This is the question.

[00:20:18]Not correctly is the question.

[00:20:28]Tamil Nadu was in news.

[00:20:31]Elections took place.

[00:20:33]Political revolution took place.

[00:20:35]A young man becomes the CM.

[00:20:40]So, Senguttuvan, Chera.

[00:20:43]Correct. He's also known as the Red Chera, the great ruler of Sangam period.

[00:20:49]Udin Udhayan Cheral, Chola.

[00:20:55]Nedunchezhiyan, Pandya.

[00:20:59]Udhayan Cheral, he's also a Chera ruler. So, C answer, one and three.

[00:21:06]Fifth, C.

[00:21:09]And this Chola, Chera, Pandya Malabar Coast and Coromandel Coast.

[00:21:16]The two coast connecting one coast connecting with India connecting India with Southeast Asia. Sorry.

[00:21:24]One coast connecting India with West Asia, other coast connecting India with Southeast Asia.

[00:21:33]And Indochina.

[00:21:36]Bringing lots of spices and silk.

[00:21:41]Exporting to Europe.

[00:21:45]So, the political history of those areas are very important. Answer is C, one and three.

[00:21:53]Explanation is there here given here.

[00:21:55]You can see the explanation. The question comes from page number 121, RS Sharma Old NCERT.

[00:22:08]Started.

[00:22:09]>> [clears throat] >> Next question.

[00:22:11]Which of the following factors contributed to the formation of Forward Bloc by SC Bose?

[00:22:22]1939.

[00:22:24]Very important incident, Tripura crisis.

[00:22:26]This incident is related to a very important incident, Tripura crisis.

[00:22:33]Tripura crisis 1939.

[00:22:37]Subhas Chandra Bose defeats the Congress candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya.

[00:22:43]But then he resigns.

[00:22:46]Goes to Bengal, creates Forward Bloc.

[00:22:48]So, question is what what factors led to the formation of Forward Bloc?

[00:22:54]Bose failed to win the confidence of Mahatma Gandhi.

[00:22:57]Bose this was true.

[00:23:01]I tell you why it was true.

[00:23:03]When Bose became the president Govind Ballabh Pant came to him and said Okay, fine. Now you are the president.

[00:23:11]But then whatever Gandhiji will say, that will be done.

[00:23:17]Bose said, "Why? I am the president."

[00:23:21]My policies will be followed. He said, "No.

[00:23:24]Gandhiji."

[00:23:25]And then all the 14 members of CWC He moves to Bengal. Morally he lost this post. So he resigns and goes to Bengal.

[00:23:37]And he forms the Forward Bloc. The first is correct. The Congress left was disunited and failed to support Bose.

[00:23:42]Correct.

[00:23:43]The Congress did not support Bose in his endeavors.

[00:23:47]Correct. The supporters of M.N. Roy and socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan preferred Congress unity to supporting Bose.

[00:23:59]One, two, and three. A is the answer.

[00:24:05]Sixth, seventh.

[00:24:11]You can see the explanation explanation here. The entire explanation is present here.

[00:24:16]So, seventh. Consider the following statements regarding the British policy in Awadh immediately after its annexation in 1856.

[00:24:25]Areas were pending.

[00:24:28]Dalhousie annexes on the grounds of maladministration.

[00:24:33]1856, Dalhousie cannot apply doctrine of lapse.

[00:24:38]There were so many natural heirs for Wajid Ali Shah.

[00:24:41]So he applies doctrine of He applies maladministration. Removes Wajid Ali Shah. Awadh comes under East India Company. And then >> So, [clears throat] consider the following statements regarding British policy towards Awadh after its annexation.

[00:25:15]The taluqdars were disposed of their estates but allowed to retain their arms and forts.

[00:25:22]Was it possible to give them arms and forts?

[00:25:26]When situation is tense in India, company is going to give taluqdars their arms and fort?

[00:25:35]A summary revenue settlement was made in 1856 assuming that the taluqdars were outsiders.

[00:25:41]Correct? The British believed in taking revenue directly from the peasants by removing the taluqdars.

[00:25:52]So, permanent settlement, Bengal.

[00:25:55]Ryotwari settlement, Deccan and South India.

[00:26:00]And here, Mahalwari.

[00:26:06]Kind of direct settlement with the peasants.

[00:26:10]So, two and three is the answer, seventh A.

[00:26:13]>> [clears throat] >> Eight. Consider the following assertion.

[00:26:47]Do you see a change?

[00:26:49]They are not talking about reason and assertion.

[00:26:53]In this paper they are talking about only assertion.

[00:26:57]So they say Consider the following assertion. The genesis of political alliances based on community lay in the very nature of Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

[00:27:12]Although it it starts from 1909 Morley-Minto Reforms.

[00:27:22]What was that? Separate electorate to Muslims.

[00:27:25]But now what they did here with Chelmsford they gave it to Sikh. They gave it to non-Brahmins of South India.

[00:27:33]So the genesis of political reforms uh the genesis of political alliance based on community lay in the very nature of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

[00:27:42]And here you will see the birth of SGPC. Here you will see the beginning of Akali movement.

[00:27:51]Later on you will see the birth of Depressed Class Association.

[00:28:00]Which of the following support or supports the above assertion? Reforms retained and extended the principle of separate electorate. Correct.

[00:28:09]To whom? Sikh and non-Brahmins.

[00:28:11]Separate electorates were supposed to counter Indian nationalism which was growing stronger.

[00:28:17]But obvious.

[00:28:22]Nationalism 1850s when the nationalism starts in India. Parallelly you will see the beginning of casteism and communalism.

[00:28:34]After 1850s you will see three streams in India modern history. Nationalism along with nationalism communalism and casteism. Not caste system.

[00:28:44]So obvious this was the agenda. Deprived classes rallied around the favors inherent in separate electorates. One, two, and three. Eighth answer is D.

[00:28:55]Ninth, Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur, the famous classical singer from Karnataka, represented Jaipur-Atrauliya Gharana.

[00:29:03]Mallikarjun Mansur and Kumar Gandharva, two maestros from Karnataka, explore Rag Gauri.

[00:29:11]When Mansur sings a famous slow composition, Gandharva's interpretation throws a touch of Rakshri.

[00:29:18]The first track features of Mallikarjun Mansur, one of the chief representatives of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana. The maestro signs a famous vilambit of slow composition set to tintal, a cycle of 16 matras or time units.

[00:29:36]10th, in which one among the following texts does the term Kshetra Patni Kshetra Patni Kshetra Patni Atharvaveda See, a very strategical question.

[00:29:58]You see that Rigvedic society and culture was male-dominant, patriarchal.

[00:30:03]But when you come to Atharvaveda you'll find a different social structure, economic structure religious pattern, tantra-mantra Kshetra Patni. The term Kshetra Patni is mentioned in Atharvaveda.

[00:30:18]10th, B.

[00:30:21]11th, which of the following Carnatic music ragas is similar to Rag Bilaval in Hindustani music?

[00:30:27]Dheera Shankarabharanam Arohanam Avarohanam Shankarabharanam, ascending and descending the ragas Bilawal equivalent structure God bless you if you did this question.

[00:30:49]Because if I say frankly, I also saw this question for the first time.

[00:30:57]So and it happens. Don't worry.

[00:31:00]It happens.

[00:31:02]It's not a new thing and it's not anything surprising.

[00:31:08]So question number 11 answer is D.

[00:31:16]12th the artificially fixed rupee sterling exchange rate prescribed rupee sterling exchange rate prescribed by Hilton Young Commission rupee sterling exchange rate prescribed by Hilton Young Commission was adopted by the British government for which one of the following reasons?

[00:31:42]When exploitation is the main objective, you can understand the reason.

[00:31:49]1 rupee 1 shilling 6 pence British goods will become cheaper in India.

[00:32:02]Aiding the flow of remittances from India and maintaining India's creditworthiness.

[00:32:11]A is the answer.

[00:32:12]12th A The most serious bourgeoisie grievance of all concerned the 1 shilling 6 pence rupee sterling exchange ratio fixed by the Hilton Young Commission of 1926.

[00:32:24]Purushottam Das Thakur the near loyalist of 1921 is spearheaded the anonymous Indian opposition. The overvalued rupee overvalued the overvalued rupee would cheapen and so encourage foreign imports at the cost of Indian textile.

[00:32:41]I said you know, human exploitation is the target. So, there will be a very great motive for this.

[00:32:48]13th Consider the following statements. Pali texts contain the first definite reference to coins, example Rupana, Nikkhara, Kamsa, Kakanika.

[00:33:01]The literary evidence from Pali texts is corroborated by archaeological evidence of punch-marked coins from many sites, most of them made of silver.

[00:33:10]Pali texts are the texts of 6th century BC.

[00:33:13]6th century BC is the period of Buddha and Mahavira. Buddha and Mahavira's period is a period of urbanization.

[00:33:22]Rigvedic period, pastoral economy, subsistence, but [snorts] barter will survive.

[00:33:30]Later Vedic period, agricultural economy starts.

[00:33:34]Change in exchange but 6th century BC, the BC of Pali texts is the period of urbanization.

[00:33:44]And urbanization cannot survive without currency.

[00:33:48]American dollar, Japanese yen, Indian rupee.

[00:33:58]Now, the best thing which I have seen in this paper is question within question.

[00:34:03]The above statements have been associated with of the following?

[00:34:09]First time I'm seeing this.

[00:34:14]Question within question.

[00:34:19]This would have puzzled many of the aspirants.

[00:34:22]I thought all though it's very simple, emergence of urban life, transition of money economy.

[00:34:29]Both one and two are correct.

[00:34:31]13th answer is C.

[00:34:36]A little bit of common sense and your question would have been done. 14th, which of the following temples have a Nagara style shikhara?

[00:34:51]Uh before coming to the answer, see shikharas.

[00:34:58]Shikhara relief features mandapam, garbhagriha gopurams.

[00:35:11]South Indian temples are famous for gopurams, the lofty gateways. Madurai temple the shikharas.

[00:35:20]So, if you see Although shikhara is a very prominent feature of North Indian temple, Nagara style so the Dashavatara is one of them.

[00:35:30]The temple dedicated to Vishnu, Virupaksha temple, Pattadakal.

[00:35:38]Uh sorry.

[00:35:39]Dashavatara temple, Deogarh and Huchimalligudi temple, Aihole.

[00:35:44]The Deccan region.

[00:35:46]Vesara style is evolving.

[00:35:49]So, two and three will be the answer.

[00:35:50]14th, B, two and three.

[00:35:55]Among the four main forms of existence of life recognized in Jainism four main forms of life recognized in Jainism, which one of the following is not included? This is the question. Not.

[00:36:10]Deva, gods manushya, humans tiryancha, animals and plants, yes.

[00:36:18]One more is there.

[00:36:19]Narka gati Narka gati insects surviving at the medial places.

[00:36:34]So, Yaksha, demigods are not mentioned.

[00:36:36]B is the answer. 15th, B.

[00:36:41]16th Hali Salaisae painting in the Bagh caves Ajanta and Bagh Repeatedly, the most favorite topic of civil service, Ajanta and Bagh.

[00:36:55]You must have read it multiple times. A joyous folk dance.

[00:37:01]See.

[00:37:03]A joyous folk dance.

[00:37:05]Hali Salaisae.

[00:37:10]16th answer is A.

[00:37:13]17th Consider the following statements relating to the use of place value system, ikai, dahai, saikda, hazar.

[00:37:28]ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, lakhs, crores The earliest epigraphic use of the place value system in India is found in Onekani plates from Gujarat.

[00:37:43]Correct.

[00:37:44]In the 9th century, place value becomes a general in inscriptions all over India. The place values have been found in Sanskrit inscriptions in Southeast Asia as early as the 7th century. One and three will be the answer. 17.

[00:38:12]18th, Harappa. Again.

[00:38:18]A surprise for the modern world that 5,000 years urbanization at its peak, the planned town in towns, drainage system, fields, >> [snorts] >> the artifacts, etc., etc. When British were blaming that Indians are uncivilized, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro came as a surprise to them.

[00:38:44]When British were claiming to the entire world that we are on a civilizing mission to India, they were surprised that when they were roaming in forest and jungle, urbanization was going on in India.

[00:38:58]Harappa is basically the glory of Indian history. See, there is a wide occurrence of spindle walls in the houses, but absence of spinning wheels.

[00:39:08]Weights and measurement scales complete with graduations have been discovered.

[00:39:12]There are houses built in large part with baked bricks around relatively spacious courtyards with their own wells, bathing platforms, and large rooms.

[00:39:21]Now, see that again.

[00:39:23]Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statement?

[00:39:30]Question within a question, a new trend of civil services. Statement suggests one suggest that spinning was a laborious activity done at home.

[00:39:39]Statement two suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed.

[00:39:44]Statement three suggests the emergence of a common property system.

[00:39:50]This can be understood only if we have a literary record.

[00:39:55]There is no other way.

[00:39:57]Answer is one and two. A 18th A.

[00:40:02]19th.

[00:40:04]Which of the following statements about the Aika movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct? Aika movement during non-cooperation movement, 1920, and Bardoli, civil disobedience movement.

[00:40:16]The two famous incidents of The two famous incidents of the two famous movements of Gandhiji.

[00:40:25]Aika movement, who was the leader?

[00:40:27]Madari Pasi.

[00:40:29]The Aika movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress.

[00:40:44]Vice versa.

[00:40:47]So, the Bardoli Satyagraha See the third See, the Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue while the Aika movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.

[00:40:59]C is the answer.

[00:41:02]19th C.

[00:41:06]20th.

[00:41:07]Consider the following statements about the Rigvedic period.

[00:41:10]The most favorite topic of UPSC.

[00:41:14]Irrigation from wells allowed agriculture to expand away from the flood plains and strips on river margins into the present Punjab and Haryana plains having underground water levels reasonably close to the surface.

[00:41:27]Correct.

[00:41:28]Drought animal power was employed to draw up water out of the wells. Which of the following information supports the above statements? Supports.

[00:41:41]All the news parents mind it.

[00:41:45]Practice this type of question. Get ready to be of brainstorming question within a question.

[00:41:53]UPSC always surprises everyone.

[00:41:57]And this is the core feature of UPSC.

[00:42:02]Whether you blame it, you avoid it, but this year's topper first ranker was also sitting here.

[00:42:17]>> He would have immediately framed his mind. He or she, anyone.

[00:42:22]He or she would have immediately framed up his mind. Yeah, a new pattern of question. This would have been at the approach of the this year's topper.

[00:42:32]Those who will not be able to make up the paper, they would have been disappointed.

[00:42:37]You what hell UPSC is asking?

[00:42:42]But this is called as competition.

[00:42:46]If everyone fails, then it becomes clear you know that paper was not good, but everyone will not fail.

[00:42:53]So, >> [clears throat] >> which of the following information supports the above statements? There is evidence in the Rigveda of the use of Ashma Chakra, stone pulley wheel, and Ahava, strapped wooden pails, to draw up water. Yes.

[00:43:07]Mention has been made in the Rigveda of the use of implements like uh Parashu, Kulisha, and Datra.

[00:43:16]There is a history of the use of ox even before the Rigveda for plowing the land and pulling the carts.

[00:43:25]Now, I tell you one thing.

[00:43:27]If you see Chalcolithic period, Chalcolithic period, there are many sites.

[00:43:40]On the basis of common sense, sheer common sense, answer will be B.

[00:43:49]20th, B.

[00:43:59]This explanation given by 27th, which 27. Which following statements with regard to the Moidams built by the Ahom kingdom and inscribed as a world heritage site by UNESCO is or are correct? Are correct is the question.

[00:44:26]This are correct is the question.

[00:44:29]They acted as army armed army fortresses. They were recreation centers of the royal and nobles. They were burial grounds of the royals and nobles. Three is the answer.

[00:44:44]The explanation is already given.

[00:44:47]So, this was the discussion of the history test paper.

[00:44:53]In case in case I accept the paper was designed in a very smart way. I don't deny the smartness.

[00:45:05]I don't deny the smartness.

[00:45:07]In case you find any problem any doubt any trouble you can contact with Aram IAS site.

[00:45:20]I will be able I'll be present for your doubts and solutions. [music]