2026 WAEC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL (TITRATION QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION & SALT ANALYSIS)

Added: 2026-05-12

[00:00:56]Uh good evening. Good evening. Uh favor.

[00:01:07]Um if you are joining joining me for the first time uh we want to look at two aspect of chemistry practical uh this we're going to look at the volutric analysis uh which involve the titration and we're going to look at source analysis. So if you are joining now I have just um written some questions on what you should be expecting. This question are what you should be expecting based on what you have been given in your yellow paper. Now your yellow paper you have been given an acid and a base and the acid that you have been given is what?

[00:01:48]Tetra o sulfate and base being given is what? Sodium hydro oxide.

[00:01:58]You are given this one impur. You are asked this one is um 5.6 uh cm cub of 1.84 relative density and impurity is 98%.

[00:02:16]Because of that purity the question why will likely ask is what calculate the percentage or what purity that is why in our question we have brought this one here. Are you following?

[00:02:31]Are you following?

[00:02:33]Now what I need you to do is that critically write down the question. If you can uh screenshot, if you can screenshot, thank you very much. If you can screenshot, make sure you screenshot this because after now we are going to wipe out we are going to wipe out this uh portion. If you can screenshot, you screenshot. But this live video will be saved so that anytime you want to revisit this YouTube channel, you can also visit it. If you are not subscribed, do well to subscribe. Now the question says a which is the acid.

[00:03:08]All right. Is a solution of 5.0 g is a solution of what? 5.0 g of what? Tetra surfaces acid in what? 500 CL cubed. B is a solution containing what? 4.0 g per dm cube or what? Sodium hydroxide titrate a against 20 or 25 cm cubed.

[00:03:34]This 20 or 25 is your bureet that is your sorry your pipes what you use in pipeting they your base and in normally most laboratory what they normally use is 25 and the one that we are going to use is 25 not 20. Now portion B using metal orange as what indicator we are now asked to repeat the titration three more times. We are going to repeat the titration three more times and record your result from your results. Now you are now asked to do what? Calculate one the average volume of acid. Number two the concentration of base in moles per dmq. Look at base is given in what? G per dmp. And now you are now asked to calculate what? In moles per dm. Are you following?

[00:04:29]The second one that is the third one you are asked to calculate the concentration of a in moles per cub. A is given in g per what cm cub. G per cm not g per dm.

[00:04:44]So we we need to we need to convert this g per cmq to what? gram per dm before you can now begin to work. Now the fourth was the concentration of what the pure acid in g per dm we are now as to calculate this 5.0 zero g in 500 cm to what change it to what to dq that is what gs per dmq that is what it means now the fourth one is we are asked to calculate the percentage of purity you see this question it's a hidden question all right it's a hidden question why I brought this question is because one in the yellow paper we are asked the purity the purity of theis and anytime you see a purity something having young people are coming out with uh purity like that. Of course, presentation of purity is always asked.

[00:05:35]That is why I brought this question. And now I'm going to in the equation. Look at the equation here. When I'm solving am I likely if there is time I likely hide this one I can say that this one or this sodium can be what? 2 x 2 x which we will be asked to find the value of what of x we ask to find the value of x.

[00:06:02]Are you listening?

[00:06:06]Are you following? Are you following?

[00:06:10]Is someone following?

[00:06:15]Is someone following?

[00:06:27]following. Can we continue?

[00:06:29]Okay, you are following. Beautiful.

[00:06:32]Please just make sure you snap this. Snap this one now because we are going to wipe it. We are going to wipe it and continue with firstly we are going to prepare our table. If you are a teacher for all teachers um you can as well uh DM you can private chat me. If you your children or your student are more than more than 10 or 20 if you are finding it difficulty in preparing the table you can as well chat me up when I prepare so that the table will not be the same because if table are the same in maybe 50 student 30 student they will be suspect they will suspect that it is my practice that is going on. So the table must was valid. So if you are a teacher watching me right now after that if you have difficulty in preparing tables of and give to student then you chat me up I'll prepare this this uh the titration is expected to be to be done before the day of the exam so that the student will have their end point. All right. So that during that day they will just do for anything because this that exam is just two hours you write what three part of the chemistry. Are you following? Are you done? So that I can wipe it.

[00:07:47]Are you done? Are you done?

[00:07:52]Are you done? You can as well like I like. Okay. Thank you very much for those who are liking.

[00:07:58]Can we wipe the board?

[00:08:03]Can we wipe the board?

[00:08:08]Can we wipe the board that the board so that um I continue? Are you done so that we proceed?

[00:08:18]Are you done so that we proceed?

[00:08:23]All right, let us proceed.

[00:08:28]Now just remember the topic the the question we are asked we are going to calculate all this one. So I'm wiping the board now. I'm wiping the board. Now now before wiping the board what I will do is that I will write my I will write my a here.

[00:08:49]I will write a is equals to what? 5 what? 5.0 Z per 5.0 per 500 cm cq that is my E my B my B is given as what 4.0 okay B is equals to 4.0 0 g.

[00:09:28]So I have my A, I have my what? My B. I can now. All right.

[00:09:36]All right. So we can proceed. Now let's see how we can solve it.

[00:09:55]Now what we are going to do now I I don't know some persons already know how I have already prepared table but let me prepare the table again. Now the table is you have to write your direct reading direct.

[00:10:19]We have our rough as the case may be rough title.

[00:10:25]We have our first title.

[00:10:31]We have our second title.

[00:10:37]We have our third title.

[00:10:42]All of them are reward in CNQ. Please just take note of that. Now here we have our final final regime.

[00:10:53]We have initial regime. Final must come first. Initial regine and we have volume of acid.

[00:11:08]Volume of acid used.

[00:11:20]So what I expect you to do if you are a student watching this video you can as well let your teacher know because in the report form you are going to write the concentration of the acid the conc the the grams of the the mass of the base. So if your end point is not within range you might be penalized for that the end point this here we are going to look at here. So initial before I do my titration the rough is what 0 what 0 that's 0.0 In fact, there's a video called how to perform titration. If you finish now, you can go and watch the video on how to perform titration. You know how to report this so that we have a lot of things to do. Okay, we have a lot of things to do. So, I will not waste our fill in the table.

[00:12:12]So, now in the table now, I will say that my rough should be what? 14 0 and at the endus 14 14.0 0 you have what you have 14 what do you get that now you can't some persons if you if you don't want stress you can write 14.0 0 but ideally if you titrate if you titrate remember that bure is calibrated from 0 to 50. So when you titrate and reach 14 the acid has not you can continue from there. All right. And when you continue will not be award second. But for the sake of people who it means that if I'm starting a means that if I titrate and get the first end point I have to refill my acid again and tit and get the second point I refill my acid again. That is what it means. So that's what I'm going to do now. So I refill my acid again to be what? 0.00 0 and the I 12 7 12.70 give us 12.70 are you following I will now refill my asset again if I refill my asset is what 0.1 then here I have 12 this is this one is just um estimate but that is your end point 12 uh let's just say 7 0. Remember on no account should you write 12 12.75.

[00:13:53]If anything like this if you write anything that has to do with numbers here not zero either 1 2 you you you'll be penalized. It means that they going to subtract mass. So you don't use this one. The value that should come after a number should be what? Should be zero.

[00:14:11]Why? Because in Bing only uh after the 12 you have.1 2.3 copy the table the copy the table I'm so sorry the network is bad number is 30 oh you want to support me thank you very much so what person want to support me. Oh, if you want to support me, that is that this one is not by force. If you want to support, you can support.

[00:14:55]Network is still bad messed up. Now I want to treat this thing.

[00:15:05]It's never bad.

[00:15:11]Is network still bad? Copy the table.

[00:15:14]Cover the table.

[00:15:21]Network is still bad. Okay, it's better.

[00:15:23]All right. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. You can copy the table.

[00:15:28]Copy the table so that we can start after now. We are now going to salt analysis.

[00:15:36]Network is still bad.

[00:15:39]Uh, it depends on your network. My the network was bad in my side, but I've rectified it. Okay. Beautiful. It's better now. Beautiful. Beautiful.

[00:15:50]Beautiful.

[00:15:54]Copy the table. Are you done with the table?

[00:16:01]Copy the table. Copy the table so that we proceed after. Now we are going to look at salt analysis.

[00:16:13]We are going to look at salt analysis.

[00:16:17]All right. That is beautiful.

[00:16:22]We are going to look at salt analysis.

[00:16:24]Copy. Copy. Copy. So that now the first thing after your digestion is to look for what? Your average volume of acid. Average volume of acid is average VA.

[00:16:41]That is your average volume of acid. And for you to do that you say average which is the first one you are solving the first one. Now average volume of acid is equals to average means you add multiple factors. So we have what we are going to look at first title, second title and third title. All right. So but you can as well in um I hope network is okay.

[00:17:21]Okay, you join late. I'm will be here. Okay, we'll be safe here.

[00:17:27]So you can okay I should repeat now if you should write is that what will happen is that bure that bure we have uh the b is calibrated uh 0.00 uh 1 maybe 1.2 to 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1 point there is no 1.45 or 1.12.

[00:18:04]So if you if you copy that now you are going to be penalized and if any examiner is marking your marking your screen and it sees anything that is not zero at the end and you must always leave it in two decimal place. Don't always leave it in one decimal place.

[00:18:20]All right. We that we are ming that's what we normally look at. If you look at it is um is putting a value of one point maybe uh 12.7 without 12.70 you areing max. All right that is how is so you must always leave it in two decimal place and when you leaving two decimal place the next one should be after the first decimal place the next one should be zero. If you write 75 or 71, you'll be penalized. Do you now understand?

[00:18:53]You understand now? Right, Lawson? Do you understand?

[00:19:09]All right. All right. That is beautiful.

[00:19:12]That is beautiful. So we are now going to calculate our average volume of acid.

[00:19:16]Average volume of acid is what? First title first plus second plus third we are going to divide by what? Divide by three.

[00:19:31]First title second title we using the first title and third title. You can first and second divide by two without using third. You are still fine. All right.

[00:19:46]You can use first and second. You are still okay. All right. Let's be fast.

[00:19:51]Let's be fast. Let's be fast.

[00:19:58]Beautiful. Beautiful. Beautiful. Can we proceed? So here we have first, second and what? And third. So what we do? We are going to please this question.

[00:20:19]Now the average volume of acid will be what? Average volume of acid you say VA.

[00:20:25]Remember after bracket and put the word CQ very very important.

[00:20:31]the VA word the first title look at average volume of acid means that you are using the volume of acid don't come and use the one of up volume of acid this is the value that you are using all right so here we have 12 12.70 plus what 12.70 plus what 1260ide by what 3 VA will now be equals to What?

[00:21:03]Va will not be equals to what?

[00:21:11]No, I say it's not a must.

[00:21:15]It's not a must. But what you should do is that please take note of this. There must be a concordance. You see my value 70 12.70 12.60. Don't write here after the first title you have 12.70 second title now come and have 13.7 is not a concordant you'll be penalized for that so you must have what what we call a concordant the value must be what at the same range do you understand the value must be at the same range that concordance and you can as well use first and second because first and second is what is the concordance is the word close but you can use three. All right. So, but if you have 14 here, you not have 12 here, you not have 13, it's a wrong titration.

[00:22:09]Are you following? So, you have to be very very careful.

[00:22:15]Are you following? Can we proceed?

[00:22:18]So, our answer will be what? 12 7 + 12.7 + 12.6 6 is equals to 38.

[00:22:36]No, you don't have to use rough title.

[00:22:40]Don't use rough title when you are doing your don't use rough title. In some exam you can as well cross it like this. In some exam you can cross it like this. So we have what? 38 / what? 3 = to 12.6 you have 12.6 7 cm cubed. So our VA we say VA is what 12 12 what 12.67 C7 CN cq that is our value of our V.

[00:23:30]Yes, it can be 0.2. Yes, 0.2 please. That concordant value is very very important.

[00:23:48]that concurrent value that if you do a wide range you'll be penalized it's mostly 0 0.1.2 look at we have concurren should be what 0.1.2 2 0.3 is not really 0.3 means that if you have here seven here you having like if 7 12.7 here should be what 12 you add there should be what 13 13 is too much so it cannot be what 13 all right so the range must be what 0.1 and 0.2 Like here in the case of this one is what? 0.1 0.1. The difference between this one and this one is what is 1. 7 - 6 will give us 1. So it is what? 0.1 1.

[00:24:41]You can as well write 0.1.2. But no 0.3.

[00:24:47]So if you write that you'll be penalized.

[00:24:51]Beautiful. Beautiful. That is great.

[00:24:56]How is the rough title gotten? The rough title now you get the rough title when you doing that titration you don't just go direct and do the first title and second title. So the rough t you are just you just titrate and when you titrate this thing the acid and base and it gives you by then you are not too careful you are not too careful you now discover that okay the end point have reached you take advant is like for inance the rough t is at 14 when I'm titrating again I have to be very very careful I make sure I'm very very careful in such a way that I don't I don't make mistake I have to be so visible in such a way that uh the color change I have to observe it very well.

[00:25:42]That is why the rough data is always different from what the first second.

[00:25:48]This one is just rough. You are just doing it like that without not being careful.

[00:25:57]All right.

[00:26:00]No, your initial must not be 0.00. That was what I was explaining. Maybe you came late.

[00:26:06]I told you that this one that I'm saying 0.00 I didn't want to confuse you if you see what I uploaded on my YouTube if you see the video I uploaded my initial are not this when you have your b your b is from 0.00 0 to 50. When you put your acid there and titrate after titrating probably you have your end point at 14.

[00:26:34]There is no point of you refilling the acid since there are still acid there.

[00:26:39]Are you following? Now if you want to do it ideally this 14.00 would have been our initial of the second.

[00:26:48]Are you following? Would have been our initial of the second. But I didn't want to confuse you. If you if you check the video go to my YouTube channel. All right. You can see how to perform titration. How to perform titration. All this one is being explained. Can we proceed?

[00:27:06]Can the third title value be greater than the second and the and the second?

[00:27:13]No.

[00:27:16]The the sec the third title should not be greater than. That is why you have to be very very careful.

[00:27:28]Okay. The video will be safe. All right.

[00:27:30]The video will be safe. Okay.

[00:27:33]The video will be safe. Now let's proceed. We have gotten our V VA. All right. Our VA as what? As as 12.67.

[00:27:47]Is that understood? Our VA is what? VA is equals to what? 12 67.

[00:27:56]Now what is our VB?

[00:27:59]VB is equals to is what you always use that this use in sucking the base is what your VB and the one normally use mostly used in the laboratory is what 25 what cm 25.0 CN the one normally used in the laboratory.

[00:28:22]All right.

[00:28:25]Can we proceed?

[00:28:28]I want to wipe the table. So that will proceed to the first the first calculation. Can I wipe the the table?

[00:28:46]Sorry. It was a GL of number one of the question we are asked to calculate what one of the question we are asked to calculate what I just wiped is One of the question we are asked to calculate we are asked to calculate the concentration of B in moles per dq concentration of B in moles per dq.

[00:29:30]Now concentration look at I concentration of B in mole per what D cubes. Now moq has two formulas. Moles per has two formulas. One of the formula is concentration is equals to mass concentration over molar mass.

[00:30:07]That is one of the formula. The second formula is C A V over C B V is equals to L A what? NB. These are the two formula you can use to calculate concentration in moles per dmp concentration in g per dmp. Now concentration in most is called molar concentration.

[00:30:32]Concentration >> concentration >> in mole permute is called is called molar molar concentration while concentration while while concentration in gram per dmq is called is called mass concentration.

[00:31:14]Concentration in most is called molar concentration.

[00:31:18]Why concentration in is not clear.

[00:31:30]You say you don't understand.

[00:31:39]I said that we are asked to calculate concentration of B in most cases. Now there are two formulas to calculate concentration of what? Concentration in most perm. One of the formula is concentration equals to what? Mass concentration over what? Mass mass. The second formula is what? C A V A CB VB N A over what? NB. Now, which formula are you going to use? Which formula are you going to use? I want to explain the the place that you can use this formula and the place you can use this formula.

[00:32:14]Can I proceed?

[00:32:18]Can I proceed?

[00:32:22]Can I proceed?

[00:32:27]Should I proceed?

[00:32:31]All right. Now, anytime you are given, look at the question here. A is per cmpute. B is g per. Now, none of the concentration none of this one is given in moles per.

[00:32:48]Anytime in the question anytime in the question one of the concentration is given in the is given in most particle you go straight you don't use this formula you go straight and use this formula I repeat any time in the question look at the question A is given what 5 per cub while B is what 4.0 0 g per dm.

[00:33:10]Now there is no moles per dq in in either a or b. When you are now asked to calculate concentration in moles per you you are going to go direct and use this formula. If one of the concentration is given in most in the question but if none of them is given in most in the question like in this one now there is no most you use this formula for the first one and use this formula for the second one you understand yes that's what I'm If none of the concentration if none of the concentration is given in most use this formula all right use this formula first but it depends on equation but because there are some time they can give you equation I will say x which you cannot use this formula because s is not an element this mass you have to find the element all right now we are going to use this formula for the first calculation using this formula we are asked Concentration of what? B in what? In most what is our B? Look at B here.

[00:34:26]Do you get that? So we are going to say that using this formula M we are going to make um uh because concentration is what? M concentration. Say concentration is equals to what? Mass concentration over what? Mass.

[00:34:49]Now concentration in B. Now concentration of B in mole per dmq. Now will be equals to what is your mass concentration? Look at I told you mass concentration is expressed in what? G per dmq. Ide what?

[00:35:09]4.0ide by what is your mass? Mass mass of the base is what? This one is what? N plus what?

[00:35:27]Concentration concentration of B in moles per DFQ is equals to what is equals to 0.1 moles per W per DFQ. Please after always put your units.

[00:35:46]So at the end we have 0.10 mo and that is what we use to determine our end point. Take note of that. This question that I said is calculated.

[00:35:59]This question was calculated.

[00:36:02]Thank you very far.

[00:36:07]Father man, thank you very much.

[00:36:11]Can we proceed?

[00:36:14]Now the next question is calculate the concentration of A in moles per I I concentration of A in moles per G dm in moles per dm we as now we have used this formula to calculate this one. We are not going to use this formula to calculate this one.

[00:36:45]You cannot use these two formula for the same this one to calculate A and use this one to calculate B. No, if you have used this one, you go ahead and use this one.

[00:36:56]All right? And in this one the concentration of CB and CA must always be in most don't use the concentration in g have a wrong answer.

[00:37:12]Thank you very much. Thank you very much for those who have liked. Thank you very much for those who have support financially. Thank you very much. Can we proceed?

[00:37:23]Can we proceed? After now we are going to do salt analysis. So you have this class is going to be 2 hours class. So we go and recharge. Make sure you recharge your your device.

[00:37:38]Thank you very much.

[00:37:41]Tell me talk. Thank you very much.

[00:37:44]All right. Let's proceed. Now I have told you that you use this formula for the first one. You are not going to use this one for the second one. Do we say that? C A V E A over C B V B is equals to what? N A E A over what? N B. Now we are going to make A concentration on A.

[00:38:07]Make this one subject of formula. So will be equals to what?

[00:38:13]Will be equals to C A now C now will be equals to what?

[00:38:18]You are going to cross multiply. Look at the one that has the highest parameter will be what? You are removing this one.

[00:38:24]Now since you remove this one, this one now have two. So this one now will now go up. That has three. So now what? CB VB N E over what? V E N B.

[00:38:42]Now what is we have goten our look at B here 12.67 NB 25.0 Z and what mole ratio? Mole ratio of acid. This one is N A is mole ratio. Now what is mo ratio?

[00:39:00]N A mole ratio is what come in the your equation. Look at our equation here. I hope you are following. Acid and base one mole or what? One mole ratio or what? Of acid give you what? Two more ratio of what? Of base. What is in front here is what? You are seeing two. What is in front here? Nothing. This one is like one. This one is just one because you are not seeing anything here. So it's one. Here you are seeing what you are seeing two. So here is to what? One is to what? Is to two. Please don't go and use the one of the product. You are not our concern is not of the product.

[00:39:36]We are looking at the what the reactant base acid. So acid has a mole ratio of what? One. Base has a moat of what? Of two. So N is what? N is one.

[00:39:48]N= to what? And N= what?= 2. Now we go and pl our so now say C A now= to I hope you are following.

[00:40:04]Thank you very much. Thank you very much.

[00:40:09]Can we proceed?

[00:40:19]Okay, someone is asking to see the question. No, this is predicted question.

[00:40:24]And if you check my YouTube channel, all my predictions are always um to the point. Now we have what? What we have here is CA. Now CB what? What is the concentration of? Look at CB.

[00:40:38]Concentration of CB is what? Look at concentration of B is what? 0.1 multiply by what is your volume of base?

[00:40:47]Volume of base what? 25 multiply by what is your mole ratio of acid is what? One.

[00:40:55]You divide it by what? What is the volume of acid? Volume of acid here we have what? 12.1 12.67 multip by what is the mole ratio of base? Look at it here. ratio of base 2.

[00:41:11]So C equals to that's um so we have 0.1 * 25 is equals to we have 57 0.1 * 25 What's the word? We have 2.5 2.5 divided by 12.67 12.67 * 2 is equals to what? 25 25 34.

[00:42:12]So you are see now C now equals to what do you have as your answer? 2.

[00:42:27]Yes. Oh please. There is mark.

[00:42:30]There's always a mark assigned to it.

[00:42:32]The final answer is 0.9 most. Beautiful joy. Joy. Thank you very much. The final answer is 2.5 divided by 25 34 0.09 0.

[00:42:53]So we are going to approximate it 0.09.

[00:42:57]Please always leave this one in three decimal place. All right. So but this one we have two decimal so you can add one zero always leave it in two decimal three decimal place. So here will be what? 8 9 you get that. So moles per d what? D M cubes.

[00:43:21]You are done with that.

[00:43:23]You are done with that.

[00:43:31]Beautiful editorial. Beautiful.

[00:43:34]Beautiful.

[00:43:35]Beautiful. You are following. That is great. That is great. So can we proceed?

[00:43:42]Right. Right. Right. So that we proceed.

[00:43:44]My concern is just to solve analysis.

[00:43:46]The next one is concentration of the pure acid in g per dq. Concentration of the pure acid in g per debac.

[00:43:56]Yes. You can approximate. We have done approximation here. We just did approximation. All right.

[00:44:04]We just did approximation.

[00:44:06]All right.

[00:44:09]So can we proceed?

[00:44:17]So we now go to the third one.

[00:44:39]Yes, you can you can appreciate the third one say concentration of the pure acid in in grams per decute. So fourth one now we have concentration of a in g per g.

[00:45:01]Now, now listen this one that is where some student used to get confused. By the time they ask you concentration, we have said that concentration is what? Mass concentration is equals to you multiply this one.

[00:45:20]Are you following? But in this case now please take note. A is given in what?

[00:45:27]5.0 0 per cm cub per cub is not given in g per cm cub therefore you cannot say that um concentation is equals to you make mass no if you use that formula you fail so you are going to change this one now to dmq how you do that you say that um 500 divided by look at 500 * 1 1,00 this one is in cmq. So to change it to DNQ that is what you don't go and use this formula. Anytime you see concentration per CN cq, don't use this formula. Use this method to get the one or what? G M cub g per gn cub as please I appreciate more if you do that sort analysis practical before the theoretical aspect of it. Of course I'm going to do after this class. We are just left with one question. We go to salt analysis.

[00:46:41]All right. So now what we're now going to do is that cancel here.

[00:46:47]So here will be what will be 50 / what?

[00:46:51]5 = to what? 10 g per what per dm.

[00:46:56]So the concentration of a in g per jute is this one. The next question is percentage purity.

[00:47:05]Percentage purity beautiful.

[00:47:13]The next one which is what? V is what?

[00:47:18]Percentage.

[00:47:20]Percentage.

[00:47:26]Percentage.

[00:47:30]Percentage. Purity.

[00:47:38]Percentage. Purity.

[00:47:41]Percentage purity. We going to look at percentage purity in our question. We have percentage purity.

[00:47:55]So this one CA is equals to what? 0.09.

[00:48:05]CB is equals to what? 0.10.

[00:48:10]So just why so after this one after this question now we now go to what to our SW analysis go to our SW analysis which party don't understand which I don't understand eh someone said that this I don't understand this part which part now which part okay percentage purity don't worry So percentage purity is equals to what is what?

[00:49:14]Mass concentration of pure of pure acid over mass concentration of impure impure acid multiply by what? 100ide by what? one of course it just like that.

[00:49:43]This is how to calculate percentage of purity. Mass concentration of pure acid divide by mass concentration of what?

[00:49:50]Impure acid multiply by what? 100 the predicted question.

[00:50:05]Let me finish the percentage per you can as well as you are tapping you can like like the video please. All right. Now let's proceed. Now please take note take note. Mass concentration of pure or pure is the one you have in your question.

[00:50:22]Mass concentration of pure is the one you have in your question. The one of impure you are going to calculate. The one of pure is this one. The one of impure you are going to use this formula to calculate the one of impure.

[00:50:36]Are you following? The one of pure acid is the one you have in this question.

[00:50:40]And remember mass concentration is given in what? G per dmp. So look at the one of pure acid here. The impure you are going to use this formula to what to calculate. So we say that mass concentration of pure is equals to what is equals to 10 g per what per dm c.

[00:51:06]Now mass concentration of impure is equals to look at you are going to use this formula. What do you do? You cross multiply because you are you looking for mass concentration cross multiply.

[00:51:25]So it will be what? M concentration time mass. So he say molar concentration multiplied by what? Molar mass.

[00:51:41]Remember whatever you doing you are doing of acid. You are doing the what?

[00:51:45]What? Of acid. So take note of that.

[00:51:53]Are you following?

[00:51:55]So now what do we do? Mass concentration of pure m concentration of acid is what?

[00:52:02]Look at it here. 0 but say but mass of H2S4 is equals to what? 98.

[00:52:19]All right. Therefore, mass concentration mass concentration of impure will be equals to what? What is the concentration? Look at concentration. 0 9 * what? 98.

[00:52:44]So, equals to what? What do you have as the answer?

[00:52:52]What do you have as the answer? Let's do so can go to S analysis.

[00:53:02]So you can screenshot.

[00:53:06]What do you have as your answer? 0.09 0 99 * 98 beautiful 9.7 we have 9.70 so what 9.1 7 all right g per what gm cub okay so now we now plug it into our formula we now plug into our formula What do we have?

[00:53:49]If you pl for percentage percentage of purity will be equals to what? The one of pure acid is what? 10.

[00:54:12]10 / the one of pure is what? 9 what? 7 0 * what? Multiply by what?

[00:54:21]100. So what we have 1,000 / by this of course give us what?

[00:54:34]Yes, you can see after the you can see the one the beginning. All right, I will save the video so you watch it.

[00:54:41]10 * 100 / by 9 70.

[00:54:55]So percentage purity will be what?

[00:55:02]10 one zero. Beautiful. You are always on point. Joy.

[00:55:09]I'm so sorry. blessing or blessed.

[00:55:15]All right.

[00:55:18]10.09.

[00:55:22]So we have 103 09%.

[00:55:31]So that is the end of our practical. Please that percentage purity is very very important percentage purity and it we work with estimates now we work with estimate that is why it is like that all right we work with estimates that is why it is like that yes I'm going to drop the video but that is how to calculate percentage of purity anytime you are given all Yes.

[00:56:26]Anytime you are given that is what you as that is what you are going to do.

[00:56:31]Okay.

[00:56:34]It didn't start from the beginning.

[00:56:37]Yes, we said that we work with estimate that is why it is like that. But anytime you are asked that is what we have. Now look at percentage of impure is what?

[00:56:59]Mol concentration. What the concentration of acid? Look at it here.

[00:57:03]concentration of the acid. Now what the mar mass of acid is this one. Now at the end we multiply this one give us this what we are working with what with prediction.

[00:57:16]You understand we are working with what prediction.

[00:57:20]So now this is what it should be expecting.

[00:57:24]All right. So the the important thing is that just know the steps.

[00:57:30]Is that understood?

[00:57:38]Oh, I'm so sorry. Let me block my light now.

[00:57:51]I'm going to do. You are going to rewash. All right.

[00:58:11]Can we proceed? It's now for salt analysis. Oh, it's time for salt analysis. I want to wipe the board now.

[00:58:40]I want to w the board now.

[00:58:44]Should I write the board?

[00:58:54]No see this video will be saved. All right you can go back and watch it again. Okay so let me proceed to salt analysis.

[00:59:06]Salt analysis.

[00:59:28]For those who feel like supporting, look at the account number there. If you feel like to support, you can support. So salt analysis let's do salt analysis you know salt analysis is direct salt analysis is always direct you already know the question they are going to set so that one is just for you even though you don't go to the laboratory to do your test for you to practice the question salt analysis is direct so what I'm going to teach you now just expected Got it.

[01:00:20]Yes, I remember you.

[01:00:22]Now in salt an ary what you should know you are always given the salt we are asked to analyze is what? Leto carbonate and starch.

[01:00:40]Le two carbonate and starch.

[01:00:43]We are asked that we should measure this one in a ratio of one is to one. What is to me? One means that if you measure this leto carbonate 2 g, you must measure starch 2 g. If you measure this leto carbonate 1 g, you must measure starch 1 g. You mix it together.

[01:01:04]Do you understand? He say we should mix the two twoh two things together in a ratio of what? One is to one. One is to one means that if you measure this one 5 g, you must measure this starch 5 g.

[01:01:15]When you do it, you mix it together. All right. Now, in your salt analysis, there is always a format in which you are going to report. What is the format? We have what we call the test.

[01:01:31]We have the test. We have observation and we have forward inference.

[01:01:57]We have the test observation and inference.

[01:02:02]Are you there?

[01:02:09]That very good. That is very good.

[01:02:15]Yes, that is a real that's what I'm saying. Now salt analysis is easier to predict.

[01:02:23]Now listen among the three aspect of the practical we have titration, we have salt analysis and we have test of chemistry. The one that is direct to predict is this one. So whatever I'm giving you now just make sure go and read it. Highest they will just turn it.

[01:02:39]All right? They will just turn it. But the way it will turn it, it should still come out the same. So this one is more easier to predict than any other one.

[01:02:48]The only the only way you can predict the other one is the end point and table.

[01:02:54]Then of course you know how to calculate your most and but this one it is direct.

[01:03:00]Can we proceed?

[01:03:03]Thank you very much for those who are liking this video. Thank you for those who have support by sending small cash.

[01:03:09]I really appreciate. Can we proceed? Can we proceed?

[01:03:22]Can we proceed?

[01:03:26]All right. Now this one a minister of this one they cannot give you. It is only teachers that they will give this one in the green paper. It is only teacher that have this one. So you as a student, you don't have this one. So they will lab this one. They will take it as what? As C.

[01:03:48]They will take it as what? C.

[01:03:51]Okay.

[01:03:53]They will take it as C. So how this one?

[01:03:58]Firstly they will say C plus remember C is the mixture of this leto carbonate and what and starch. So they will ask you C plus water maybe distilled water and the case may be distilled water and mix and mix thoroughly and mix together. Sorry. Mix together thoroughly.

[01:04:38]Means I mix together thoroughly.

[01:05:05]We are asked to do what? Check just we are asked to mix those things together thoroughly.

[01:05:15]Okay. From Ghana.

[01:05:18]From Ghana. Thank you very much. Please do well to subscribe. If you have not subscribed, please do well to subscribe.

[01:05:27]So see plot distilled water and mix thoroughly.

[01:05:37]Now when you mix it together your observation will be what? Now in mix you see this lead carbonate is not soluble.

[01:05:46]This stash is not soluble. It means that they don't dissolve in water. If you put them in water they will not dissolve.

[01:05:53]That is what it means.

[01:05:56]Do you understand?

[01:06:00]Are you following? Now since it is like that when you mix it like that, what you're going to see is say C is insoluble in water.

[01:06:18]Is it soluble in water? and white solid is observed.

[01:06:32]This is what we are going to report.

[01:06:36]This C now it is insoluble. C is always in C is insolubable because what learbonate is not soluble starch is not soluble. So that mixture is what is insoluble. So after you dissolve it what you are going to see for for carry out the practical you are going to see a white a white solid is being observed but firstly see is insolubable in water and what a white solid is what is being observed.

[01:07:08]Do you get that? So in your inference now you say C is a mixture of insoluble substance.

[01:07:27]You cannot say insoluble salt because starch is not a salt. This one is a salt. Stash is not salt. So you say what? C is a mixture of what? insurable substance and every stage that you complete rule your line. So we are going to rule our line.

[01:07:48]You see this first part very very important.

[01:07:59]No it will not form a collider.

[01:08:04]Okay. Okay. Okay. That is insoluble.

[01:08:06]Okay.

[01:08:12]A substance that does not dissolve in water is is not called a solution.

[01:08:21]No, there is no specific volume. They'll just ask you to dissolve it.

[01:08:29]Yes, that is how you likely see it. I say this one is easier for you to predict.

[01:08:37]Yes, it will be given for you to feed the observation inference.

[01:08:54]Now listen, a solution cannot be formed. You cannot say a solution.

[01:09:02]A solution is is when something dissolve in water. That is why we have um a true solution and a false solution. Anything that is solution means that is able to dissolve. If it dissolve partially means that is of course that one is partially solubable but if it doesn't dissolve at a solution. A solution is formed from what? A substance. A solid must dissolve a what? A solvent. If a is a if a a solid dissolve in a solvent you call it what you call it a solution. So that is why we didn't use a collider solution. All right. So it's not a solution because of what it does not dissolve. That is one thing you should know. Now the next thing is that you will be asked to treat this C because of what the presence of this carbonate.

[01:09:55]This carbonate is always is a gas. It will produce always what a gas. So you'll be asked to treat this solution with what? With acid.

[01:10:06]I don't know whether I'm making sense.

[01:10:13]Are you following? Can we proceed?

[01:10:24]No. Sometimes v will give you the table to the table and sometimes uh you will be asked to give to draw the table.

[01:10:35]All right. Sometime the test portion is always written. Can we proceed?

[01:10:45]Now the next thing is C now plus dilute H C L or H or H N O3.

[01:11:04]Now that is why I say that this one is direct. Now it depends on how they will ask you. They cannot ask you to use HCl and use HNO3. One must be given. It is either you use HCl or use what? H3. I will explain why.

[01:11:25]I will explain why. When you use HCl, look at what happened.

[01:11:32]If you put HCl, look at here we have P. Now remember starch does not react with any acid.

[01:11:41]Star does not react with any acid.

[01:11:43]Someone came to my comment section and say that starch will react with acid.

[01:11:47]How will starch react with acid?

[01:11:50]Eh. So you have to read your chemistry very well. So now P now CO3 plus if you react with this one with this one plus H C what you are going to see is what? P B C N2 plus what? What is form is what?

[01:12:14]Carbon dioxide carbon 4 oxide plus what?

[01:12:18]Plus H2O.

[01:12:22]So here is what? Two.

[01:12:25]If you react this one with what? HCl.

[01:12:27]Now if you now react this one with P B C3 plus H N O3 will give you B bracket N O 3 bracket 2 plus CO2 CO2 plus H2O.

[01:12:53]So yeah, what have I about to do something very very interesting but H2SO4 is used as a dehydrating agent? No, you cannot use H2SO4.

[01:13:15]Do do you see H2SO4 there?

[01:13:29]Ah, I'm tired now. I told you after this step, now you will be given this salt.

[01:13:37]You will be given the uh the mixture that is what you have dissolved to be treated with what? To be treated with either HCl or what? H3. They cannot give you it. They will either give you this one or give you this one. Do you understand?

[01:13:56]Now if they give you this one, look at the equation here. This one now is insoluble.

[01:14:05]Why PPT?

[01:14:08]White precipitate.

[01:14:10]And it's what? It's insoluble. And since it is insoluble, you need to heat it. If you hit this one now PB C2 you hit it you will be what? PB2 plus plus what? CL minus. That is what you're going to be.

[01:14:27]That is why if they give you HCL they will ask you to hit it. If they give you HCL they will ask you to heat it. But if they give you H3 they will not ask you to hit it. This one is solubon. Look at this one is a solubon salt. This one is is not soluble. So you need to heat it in order to what to be. That is the chemistry behind it. So if they give you HCL, you will be asked to heat it. If they give you HNO3, you will not be asked to heat it. Do you understand?

[01:15:07]Amen. Thank you very much. I don't know whether you are following Can we proceed? I have given you two option. It is either they will give you HCL or what or HNO3?

[01:15:31]Which one will dissolve?

[01:15:34]HCL will not dissolve. It is HNO3 that will dissolve.

[01:15:46]Come and proceed.

[01:16:05]Can we proceed?

[01:16:16]Yes, they are doing they going to give you the instruction.

[01:16:31]All right. SO NOW WHEN YOU HEAT WHEN YOU PUT THESE TWO THINGS down when you put this one now what you are going to see is BECAUSE OF THE PRESENCE OF THIS carbonate a fee will occur a feent is bubble bubble will start to come out. So you see a fem is observed is observed colorless and orderless. less orderless gas gas evolve that is what you are going to see if you treat this one but then with this ACL it will be partially white with ACL it will be what a little bit white but that's what we going to report.

[01:17:48]Uh Joe, let me go back. What do you ask?

[01:17:59]Who? I'm coming to that side. All right, Francis. I'm coming to that side. What do you ask?

[01:18:10]Okay. Second equation is not clear.

[01:18:18]No, you cannot write a favor and only please.

[01:18:23]You cannot write a favor and only you cannot write a favor and only this.

[01:18:32]Um, yes.

[01:18:48]Look at if you if you add either this one or this one a percent is what or Z and a gas will be evolved. A gas will be evolved and that gas is what? CO3 2 minus is what present you are inference that what you're going to write CO3 this is the gas that will work will be evolved this one is present now in the requirement you are asked to treat this one with what lime water as soon as the gas is coming out now if you pass that gas now with lime water the lime water will turn milky that is to confirm that carbon dioxide is present or is avo.

[01:19:36]Let me read your comments.

[01:19:41]Yes, it's going to capture everything.

[01:19:47]Please is the same portion of sea that was added with the sea water that is going to be test with. Yes, Joe. Yes.

[01:19:57]If you dissolve this one with water now.

[01:20:00]Now in that water now you now carry that water. Now of course you you test tube all this one is carried out in the test tube. You now carry that portion of water now and put small quantity of it in a test tube. When you put a small quantity of it in the test tube, you will now test with what? Either HCL or what HO3.

[01:20:20]When you do that, this is what going to happen. Ephesent or feescent or let's just say ephemer is observed and colorless and gas is evolved that is to show that CO3 ion is what is present.

[01:20:56]Are you following?

[01:21:02]Can we proceed? Sir, you are doing great. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I appreciate. Now you'll be asked since see the gas is being evolved you'll BE ASKED TO PASS THIS gas through what lime water anytime you see this kind of test of course there's no way they ask for carbon dioxide so you say gas turn lime water melting gas turn lime water melting In your inference, you say CO2 CO2 gas from CO3 2 minus evolve.

[01:22:10]This what you are going to write. Don't write that. Don't write that in your inference. That is what you're going to write.

[01:22:23]No, you are going to watch this one.

[01:22:25]Okay.

[01:22:28]How do you get CO2 gas?

[01:22:36]Yes, we are going to add that HCL.

[01:22:52]I will respond to that now.

[01:22:57]Let me come again.

[01:23:01]this mixture. When you carry this mixture and put water in it, this is what you are going to see. Why solid will be what will be formed? This mixture is insoluble. All right? So, you cannot call it a solution and the inference now C is a mixture of what insoluble what substance.

[01:23:23]Secondly, they will now ask you to carry this um this mixture that is um this water that is insoluble in water. You now carry this thing and put in a test tube. It is not soluble. You will now treat it with what? With either HCL or HO3.

[01:23:43]Now when YOU TREAT IT, WHAT YOU ARE going to see is a fee. Ephesent is from what? from uh carbonates will come out with what bubble f means bubble anytime you open your coke any mineral if you open it you see gas fruit you see that gas that's what bubble will start coming out now that gas is corless and what otherless if you not pass that gas AS THE GAS IS coming out just carrying lime water that is calcium hydroxide carry lime lime water that is why carry and put the gas there that is make the gas let the gas touch that lime water that lime water will turn melty that line water that turns melty it means that CO2 carbon 4 oz from what carbon 4 oxide is being formed that gas that you see there is what carbon 4 oxide and where carbon oxide coming from is coming from this trioscarbonate ion do you now understand do you understand.

[01:24:56]Can we proceed? All right. Say I should move on.

[01:25:01]Thank you very much for those who have supported. Thank you very much for those who are liking this video. Thank you very much for those who have made for those who support by cash. For those who wish to support, there is a car number there. 30 48 039 140 Thank you very much. Now let's proceed.

[01:25:23]One thing I told you if you use HCl, we are going to treat HCl first. If you use HCl and add, this is what is going to form this lead chloride is insoluble. Therefore, you need to heat it.

[01:25:45]Are you following? You need to do what?

[01:25:47]You need to heat it. If you don't heat it, there is no way this lead. Now we are now going to look at the test of lead ion.

[01:25:57]What are what are you ask? Look at B2 ion CO3 ion CO2 and what as I stash.

[01:26:13]These are the three 1 2 3 4. Now we are done with this one.

[01:26:18]It is now this one and this one is not met. Now for you to be able to get this one you must you have already treated with this one uh when you put this one now when you put KCL you need to heat it. Why do you need to heat it for you for you to be able to work to split this ion? Look at so that will be alone. I'm giving you this so that in case you are asked in exam to use ACL if you use ACL ask you to use ACL you must hit it that is sure if you don't hit it THERE IS NO WAY you get your result it is only when you use HO3 that you don't need to hit it and of course I've given you this one this one is soluble this one is insoluble all I do. I can see that some people really comprehend.

[01:27:27]Some people already understand.

[01:27:39]Can we proceed? Thank you very much.

[01:27:43]Thank you very much.

[01:27:59]G proceed.

[01:28:22]talk now so that we proceed.

[01:28:26]Okay. Someone say we should just proceed.

[01:28:50]Now we are going to three with this one. Now if you use HCl, we are going to use HCl.

[01:28:59]If you use if you dissolve this with then you ask it to use HCl. So what you going to do is that you say filter when you add ACL now of course a F will occur and of course there will be small Y precipitate Y precipitate will be formed if you use HCl I don't know whether I'll even write it here small Y precipitate is formed now you now ask to filtrate you of course when it happen like that you need to uh filter is small. All right, filter because the mixture contains starch. So starch will go down if you put any of the acid starch will go down. That starch is called residue.

[01:29:47]That starch is called residue. If you add either HCl or what or HO3, it will go down. Starts will go down while the other one will go up. So you not decant it. We decant it or call it filtrate. All right. But in say you can decant it or what or you filter it but that one is not really filter but st will go at the bottom we call it residue. So that as a filter now say filter plus heat.

[01:30:19]We say filter plus heat that this one listen will always give you this test. Your own portion is this observation and influence. They will always give you this one. This instruction is so they will always tell you do this one and this one. So this one is you don't have any business with this one much.

[01:30:58]Your business is is with observation and inference. Do you understand? So it say plus heat then cold.

[01:31:14]When you hit this one, now what you are going to see is that while precipitating dissolve why precipitate dissolve when you now allow it to cool. Now you say precipitate our precipitate reappear reappear on cooling by time you heat it here the precipitate will dissolve that is I've shown you how the equation is like Now P B C2 if you hit this one now what you're going to see is PB ion plus what? C minus. So this precipitate now it will dissolve. That dissolve will give you what? Look at it here. But when you allow it now to go now it will now do what? It will now come back. that um that uh uh undissolved substance will come back again to uh now that is why I'm coming now I'm just treating this one h first I'm coming to that H I'm coming to that HO3 are you following now What behave like that is what you're going to say let ion P B2 + present.

[01:33:16]Now if they give you the one of HCl after this step this is what you are going to do. Then the next step now has the one of HCl or HO3. If it is H A H NO3, you go direct to this one I want to explain now.

[01:33:33]If it is HNO3, you go direct to the one I want to explain now. Now if it is HCl, you you are going to pass through this stage. But if it is HNO3, you are not going to pass through this stage. Is that understood?

[01:33:53]What about if they start by give telling us that is what I'm saying now if they start with the other one they will not pass through this state. IT IS BETTER I TEACH you the boat so that in case they give you the boat, you have to know.

[01:34:08]It's better for me to teach you the boat so that you don't go and hope on one at the end they give you another one.

[01:34:23]You have offering send me now. Look at their card number there. You can send it.

[01:34:33]The resid is not gas. The red is the res offering. If you want to give marker, look at the account number there.

[01:34:46]All right. Okay. Someone say you have understand that beautiful.

[01:34:53]They can ask you to separate it. They can ask you to divide the uh the mixture into two test tube into two portion. The other one they will ask you to with the HCl. The other one they ask you to with HO3.

[01:35:20]Understand? Someone is asking whether they can ask you to do the now they can to divide the portion. They can ask you to divide this into two. NOW THE FIRST ONE TREAT it with this ACL. If you treat it with this ACL, this what you are going to report. Of course they will tell you the first question. Hit the first question. What are you going to see in the first question? THE OTHER ONE DON'T HIT IT. What are you going to see?

[01:35:46]So if they ask you to with HCL, this is what you are going to see.

[01:35:51]Do you understand? Now at the end of it now this two now that I want to give you all of them have the boat the boat this one so I can clean the board so that we proceed.

[01:36:09]Thank you very much. Blessed. Thank you very much.

[01:36:16]I should create a group for that.

[01:36:22]I'm just I'm just explaining now.

[01:36:30]Let me explain.

[01:36:33]After this stage, after the first stage, the second stage, you will be asked to treat either with HCL or HO3.

[01:36:46]If they ask you to treat it HCL, you are going to heat it. They will tell you afterh adding HCL, heat the mixture.

[01:37:00]If you are treating with HCL, you heat the mixture.

[01:37:04]When you heat the mixture, that you are going to see this. It say after this one, now you are going to filter it to get the let starch be of course stash is residue. You now get the superan that is the upper one. You now hit it. If it is HCl WHEN YOU HEAT IT now you what you're going to see is this.

[01:37:26]All right. Why precipitate is will dissolve.

[01:37:31]Now precipitate will reappear on what cooling when you allow to cool all this information will be given to you. Now when you are now asked to treat with HNO3 if you add HNO3 this one it will give you a clear solution why starting but if it is HCL it will not give a clear solution it will give a cloudy solution.

[01:37:54]Do you understand?

[01:37:56]Do you now understand starch is insoluble?

[01:38:10]Stash is insoluble. St does not react with acid.

[01:38:14]Stash does not react with acid. So starch will remain as residue.

[01:38:23]Can we proceed?

[01:38:43]Yes, I'm going to release this video after the live.

[01:39:17]I want to wipe this side.

[01:39:50]Now after you have treated either this one or this one, the next step you have two things to do. either to test it with ammonia or test it with what? With sodium hydroxide.

[01:40:06]Are you following? So in your test I will now have few tra plus a ammonia.

[01:40:29]Whether if you are using HNO3 or HCl in the case of HL after reporting it this is the next step that that will follow in the case of HO3 this is the next test the next step that will follow. Do you understand? So now 50 plus aquous amina in drops in drops.

[01:41:01]Then in in essence in draws all you're going to see is white white precipitate is formed is form or some some people can say why precipitate is Os are you following is what is observed. Now what is if it is in drops while precipitate is form or observed? Then when you add it in excess in now is what precolable then that kind of thing that happen like that is what Le two ion lead ion or calcium ion is present.

[01:42:32]S do the HNO3 on the board.

[01:42:45]I'll just explain you. I hope you are following. Can you Are you following?

[01:42:52]Are you following?

[01:43:03]Is starch gran? Yes, starch gran.

[01:43:07]Now it is true that they will ask you, it is either they will ask you to test with ammonia or sodium hydro oxide. Now in the case of look at I told you if they want you to confirm lead 2 I will ask you to do what? Add potassium iodide. If you add potassium iodide in this solution now what you are going to see is a bright precipitate that will form but potassium iodide it is not in the material that yellow pepper it is not there. So since it is not there, you might not likely be given. All right. Now the next thing is what? Fil plus N E plus N A O equals in draws.

[01:44:16]It drops in drops.

[01:44:44]Then in essence now when you are testing for lead ion it is either they give you this one or they give you this one. I'M GIVING YOU TWO TWO SO THAT ANYONE THEY GIVE you you just go direct your own business. What you going to do now is even though you don't perform the practice is just to go and read just to go and read the way they have just done here just go and READ IT IS EITHER they will GIVE YOU TO TEST for ion it is either you use ammonia or what or sodium hydroxide they will either give you ammonia or what sodium hydroxide. So when they give you ammonia what are you going to observe?

[01:45:28]If they give you sodium hydroxide what are you going to observe?

[01:45:32]So, are you following?

[01:45:41]Of course. I say this one is just at 98%.

[01:45:50]98% filrate. When you put your your acid, when you put your acid, if it is HNO3, some since the mixture contains starch and lead carbonate, stars will go under.

[01:46:12]So we go settle that it is more called feed. You understand? Now what I'm going to see here is say of course white precipitate.

[01:46:37]Why precipitate is observed?

[01:46:42]Why precipitate is what? Observed. Then in SS now this in SS now say precipitate precipitate dissolve precipitate dissolved or precipitate is soluble. So what you're going to see here is what lead 2 ion or lead or calcium ion or what is present and here we have what?

[01:47:26]Le two ion is present.

[01:47:38]Now for emphasis sake in case in the future time you are asked to confirm you say that I plus what plus potassium iodide in fact let me put let me not put that because there's no need I have already posted salt analysis you yes you can answer the question without carrying out the practical that's why I'm giving you now go and read this thing there's no point of you the practical because if you carry out the practical this is what you're going to see if they give you both if they give you both you do the same that's why I'm giving you two there is no way they can give you anything outside this one they cannot Don't give outside this one because this is a test for length lead. Are you following me? So if they give you this one you go. If they give is the same thing. Do you understand?

[01:48:46]Now start test for iodine and that will be the our the end of glass.

[01:48:57]Thank you very much. For those who wish to support is too small. You can double tap on the screen to like are you following? What you have to what you owe what you owe yourself is to go and read. What I've just given you now is just for you to go and read.

[01:49:17]They are going to in any way you are given I have just analyze it and give to you.

[01:49:24]In any way you are given that is what you are going to see in your exams.

[01:49:29]highest they will they going to frame it.

[01:49:46]Can we proceed?

[01:49:49]Let's proceed. Oh, supported Humphrey. You have supported me. Thank you very much Humphrey.

[01:49:58]God bless you offering. Thank you very much.

[01:50:02]Thank you very much. Thank you very much offering.

[01:50:11]Thank you very much. Offrey Humphrey. Thank you very much. Thank you very much offering. Now the last test.

[01:50:22]This one there is no way they can ask you to to say it or they cannot ask you in any other way. This one is just direct.

[01:50:32]Now the last one is Oh, the last one is Let me not look my marker is finished. The last one is test for Audin. Thank you very much.

[01:51:05]Oh, I'm so sorry. Thank you very I'm going to post the video after now.

[01:51:13]Let me see my marker. Thank you very much.

[01:51:16]So the last test is test for stash.

[01:51:30]I've already carried out the titration for the titration part. I've already carried out the titration. Even the salt analysis I've done in the lab. All right.

[01:51:46]I'm going to test for this stash. The last one is to test for starch. Are you there? So that we proceed.

[01:51:56]So in the test for stash down you say portion portion of original original mixture plus iodine.

[01:52:24]Please note NOTE THEY CANNOT ASK you to use the residue of that mixture. They will ask you to go and use the the original mixture of this one. By the time you mix these two two things together, they will ask you to get the original mixture, the portion of that original mixture to test for iodine.

[01:52:43]Remember they cannot give you the one maybe the one that you have added acid.

[01:52:47]No they cannot use that one. Only ask you to go and get the portion of that original mixture. Okay. When you get the portion of that you test with what? with I if you test what you're going to have in your observation is a blue black blue black or sorry let me my my light is checking You have blue black. Some can say blue black. Some can say or h some can say blue black. Some can say many student more especially for teachers. You can give the song right blue black song say dark blue coloration coloration or we have blue black some say blue black some say dark blue coloration or z stash is present stars is present.

[01:54:24]That is the end of your practical.

[01:54:28]That is the end of your practical.

[01:54:42]That is the end of your practical.

[01:54:43]Sorry.

[01:54:46]So at the end we have been able to establish all our salt analysis and titration.

[01:54:53]It says that the original ratio is yes original mixture. Look at they said you should add this one the ratio of one is to one that is lead carbonate and starch mix them together. So you are going to get the portion of it. NOW IT'S NOT ONLY THAT. SO IT'S NOT ONLY THAT original mixture just carry the some of the mixture down carry the mixture out. They will ask you to use the other mixture and dissolve. Then the other one is that you don't dissolve. You use it for the test of starch. They cannot ask you to to use the one that you have already dissolved in water. No. Or use acid. No.

[01:55:37]Do you understand? Because that one the temperature have changed.

[01:55:44]Thank you very much. Um, Francis, thank you very much. Amen. Thank you very much.

[01:55:51]Thank you very much. Please do well to subscribe. For those not subscribed, do to subscribe.

[01:55:59]Thank you very much, Francis. Thank you very much.

[01:56:05]Confirmatory test for lead. Okay. Since you asked, I told you that in the reagents given the instruction material they gave to teachers, there's no confirmatory reagent. But what you can use to confirm leads is potassium iodide in your test. If you are now asked to add potassium iodide either to this one or to this one, what you are going to see in your observation, you are going to see a bright yellow bright yellow precipitate. This one is what? White precipitate. The other one, if you add potassium iodide, you are going to see a bright yellow precipitate. And in your inference you are going to say let two ion confirm.

[01:56:56]Let two ion confirm. That is if they only ask you to add what? Potassium iodide. But it is not in the instruction material.

[01:57:07]The reagent listed for you to use and do the test. It is not there. So if it was to if that we have it there in the instruction, we would have added it here.

[01:57:19]But in the in case you encounter it, if they say you should add potassium iodide in your observation here, you are going to see a bright yellow precipitate.

[01:57:32]Observe bright yellow precipitate. And in your inference here, you say letoh confirm. Instead of writing present, you say what? Confirm.

[01:57:48]Thank you very much. Thank you very much.

[01:57:52]Thank you very much.

[01:57:56]Thank you very much for those.

[01:58:01]Yes. A mixture with this you add um starch. That is our first step.

[01:58:06]That one they can add this to use to do your test of starch.

[01:58:14]Bless. Thank you very much sess. Thank you very much. I really appreciate you guys.

[01:58:23]Okay, that what I'm just trying I'm figuring out. Okay, legit legit school.

[01:58:29]I'm I'm figuring it that what they will likely ask. All right, what they will likely ask. I'm just I'm just trying to see that one is already I'm figuring out I will a for use here to confirm acid. Huh? Here is acid. Now how will you use acid to confirm acid?

[01:58:57]Thank you very much offering. God bless you.

[01:59:05]Yes.

[01:59:07]What I expect you to do? Listen, I have given you two parts. Titration and this one. And one thing you should know about that titration. Most den either A or B must come out. Just prepare for that. That one there is no how. Get your table. Make sure prepare your table very well. Know how to calculate. most per know how to calculate grams per gn cub either of a you know how to calculate your mass I did not calculate that one of mass anyway but if you ask to calculate mass you make mass of formula in your concentration to mass concentration over what mass just make mass formula which will be what mass concentration over what concentration that is how to get mass okay now in this one now what you owe yourself is just to go and study this step. You don't need to go and do practical because cannot give you anything outside what I've just done here. It is either they will give you the one of if you are asked to test for lead ion. It is either you use ammonia or use sodium hydroxide.

[02:00:22]These are the two things that you'll be asked and in dissolving acid to test for carbon dioxide. Now it is either you use HCL or use HNO3 and I've given you the table for that. Then for starch it is this one blue black coloration. Some people will say heat. How will you hit stash?

[02:00:44]You see after adding you hit it. There are some some videos that have been seen online. I bet so you don't know how to watch those kind of video. You don't heat stash. The temperature that starch is is already in the room temperature.

[02:00:57]So you don't need to heat it. Do you understand? And for those who have supported me, God bless you. I really appreciate. I really appreciate. God bless you.

[02:01:09]Yes. So bless you are ready.

[02:01:12]Nothing else. So we are going to end our class here. I'm going to put the video.

[02:01:17]Okay.

[02:01:25]You say, "Can you use this here to confirm lead?"

[02:01:30]That is what I'm saying now.

[02:01:39]That is what I'm saying.

[02:01:50]I did not give you one thing on Jesus Christ. I forgot one thing. Oh my god.

[02:01:55]Please go and watch that my video of um salt analysis. There's one thing I've just missed out that HCl when you add HCl to it then you now heat what you are going to see is I I made something like P B C2 this is what you're going to see why precipitate is formed from Leo ion when you heat it please go back to that um video of my salt an ally read that video there that part I've done of anything in that part of HCL. This is what you're going to see. Report in your inference first before lead ion present. I just omit that part. Let chloride that from let ion from this one is what present. Just take just go and marry the video two videos together. All right.

[02:02:53]Thank you very much. Please do well to go and to subscribe for those who have not subscribed. Thank you very much. Let me just uh edit the video down and upload it. Thank you very much. And for those who have supported, may God bless you. For those who support by liking this video, for those who support by recommending people, for those who support by sending me some cash, God bless you. God bless you. God bless you.

[02:03:19]God bless you. Thank you. I'll see you next time. Bye. And for those teacher, for teacher, if you don't know how to prepare table for your student, just chat me up. Chat me up. Okay, I'm watching from Ghana. Oh, thank you very much, Abigail from Ghana. Abigail from Ghana. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Ibraim. Thank you very much. God bless you. God bless you.

[02:03:41]Humphrey, thank you very much. I really appreciate your support. Your cash support is very, very uh tremendous.

[02:03:49]Thank you and God bless you. I really appreciate you all. Thank you very much.

[02:03:54]We love you. I love you too, Francis.

[02:03:56]Francis, thank you very much. I love you too.

[02:04:01]My WhatsApp number. Okay. Watching from Nigeria. Thank you very much. Now, this is my WhatsApp number.

[02:04:15]My WhatsApp number is always on my videos. We have + 2 3 4 8 1 3 4 6 4 750 5 05.

[02:04:30]I'm putting plus because of those who might be from other country like Ghana.

[02:04:36]I think Abigail is from Ghana. This is my WhatsApp number. If you are a teacher and you find it difficult to prepare, if your teach students are 100 or 50, I don't know how to prepare table for them, I can assist you that just chat me up. I will make a a table that will have that each student will have different table. But at the end, they will arrive at the same end point. All right? Or the same volume of acid. So you can chat me on that. Thank you very much for your support. I really am very very grateful.

[02:05:06]I see you some other time. Do well to subscribe to my YouTube channel, like, comment, and share. Any any way you can just help. Thank you. God bless you.

[02:05:15]Bye.

[02:05:22]That is my What was WhatsApp line?

[02:05:25]That is my WhatsApp line on the board.

[02:05:55]All right. See you.