CITIZENSHIP well explained

Added: 2026-05-31

[00:00:00]Welcome to this platform. So, in today's session, we'll be learning civic education. To be specific, we'll be looking at the citizenship.

[00:00:08]So, if you see this word citizenship, it has two words in it, isn't it? It has two words in it. We have citizen, we also have citizenship itself. If you see from here up to here, this is citizen.

[00:00:21]And from here up to there, this is citizenship. So, we um we need to clearly understand these terms before we proceed so that we have a clear mind on what we'll be looking at, okay?

[00:00:36]So, this word from here up to here, which is citizen, is simply a member of a state who enjoys all the rights and privileges granted by it. So, a citizen is simply a member of a state who enjoys all the privileges and rights granted by it. So, what does uh the citizen do? It He or she enjoys the rights. He enjoys the rights and privileges granted by that particular state. So, this is what a citizen is.

[00:01:07]So, if you were told to define what a citizen is, make sure that you don't leave out these three terms that I have underlined. We have member, we have rights, and privileges.

[00:01:20]So, just simply say a citizen is a member, okay? Is a member of of what? Is a member of a state who does what? Who enjoys all the rights and privileges granted by it. So, the citizen enjoys these rights and privileges granted by it. What's a right? What's a right? So, rights are simply enjoy entitlement that every person has in the virtue of being a human. Entitlement that every person has in virtue of being a human.

[00:01:54]And privileges are simply special rights. So, these are simply special rights or permission that are given to a person or a group or a group of people, but not everyone else has.

[00:02:07]So, these just special rights that are given to a group of people or to a person, okay?

[00:02:13]But, not everyone has that. So, that's the reason they are special rights.

[00:02:18]There are some who do not have these special rights, and these include aliens, okay? Aliens and refugees. Okay.

[00:02:26]So, we have now clearly understood what who is a citizen or what a citizen is.

[00:02:32]So, a citizen is simply a member of a state who enjoys all the rights and privileges granted by it. We have said that rights are simply entitlement, okay? That everyone has or every person has in virtue of being human. So, you have that those those rights. You have those rights um in virtue of being human, okay? And privileges are simply special rights that are given to a person or a group of people, but not everyone has. So, this is what citizen is.

[00:03:08]So, this the same citizen that we're talking about, he or she performs duties and obligation towards the state. So, he does duties, he performs the duties and obligation towards the what? The state.

[00:03:21]The reason he performs these duties, it's because he enjoys he enjoys the rights and privileges of that specific state. So, in return, he performs the duties and obligation towards that state. And these duties and obligation are what we call duties of a citizen. So, these duties that a citizen perform are known as duties of a citizen. Let's have this on our in our book notes. So, we have said that is this right? A simple this duties are simply duties of who? A citizen.

[00:04:10]Okay, so we capitalize this.

[00:04:16]So, if you are told to define duties of a citizen, how can you define that? So, just say duties of a citizen are simply duties are simply duties performed performed by who? By a citizen towards the state.

[00:04:31]Duties of a citizen are simply duties performed performed by this citizen towards the state. So, just say duties of a citizen are simply duties performed by a citizen towards the state.

[00:04:46]They are performed by a citizen not anyone else. A citizen and we've said that a citizen is what? Is a member of a state who enjoys the rights and privileges granted by it. So, that member that member performs duties and obligation towards the the state. And those duties are what we are referring to as duties of a citizen. So, we can write this definition as duties of a citizen are simply duties So, these are simply duties performed by who?

[00:05:17]Performed by not anyone else but a citizen.

[00:05:23]So, these are are specific duties. The one The reason they they are specific it's because they are performed by a citizen not anyone else. So, duties of a citizen are simply duties performed by a citizen towards the the state.

[00:05:43]Towards the the state.

[00:05:46]Okay. And the relationship that is there between the citizen and the state. So, this is a relationship that is there between this citizen that we have been talking about and the state. So, the relationship between these two, which is citizen and state, it's that they uh both of them have citizen rights. Both of them they have citizen rights and freedom. And okay, so first of all, write that before I explain more. So, we've said that the relationship between these two, it's that both of these, so both of the citizen and state, so you can say that the citizen, a citizen and the state, okay? Citizen and the state have So, they have what? What we are calling it citizen's uh citizen rights.

[00:06:40]And freedom.

[00:06:46]So, they have what? They have citizen rights and freedom.

[00:06:51]Okay, so since this is citizen have the citizen right, he is obligated, the citizen is obligated to take part in the civic civic civic and political uh processes of the state.

[00:07:06]Okay, so the reason he the the reason this citizen is obligated to take part in the civic and uh political process of the state, it's that he enjoys the citizen right. And these citizen's rights are granted by what? By the state. Are granted by the state. So, that's the reason. In return, this citizen is obligated to uh take part in what? Civic and political uh processes of the state. So, here you can add that in return in return, the citizen is obligated. So, you can start in return the citizen is obligated, isn't it?

[00:07:44]Obligated to do what? To to take to take part.

[00:07:52]Okay, to take part in the civic in the civic and political processes.

[00:08:08]And these civic and political Yeah, and processes are of the state, okay? So, of the state.

[00:08:18]Okay, so we have said that the citizen and the the state, they have a common relationship. And this common relationship, it's that they both they both have citizens right and freedom. And since the citizen also have citizen right, and these citizen citizens rights these citizens rights are granted by the by the what? By the state. It's the state who grants these citizens rights. To whom? To a citizen.

[00:08:44]So, the citizens rights are granted to a citizen by the state, you see? And in return, the citizen is obligated to take part in the civic and political processes of the state. They say nothing is for free, isn't it? They say takwaba fyamala. So, this is what happened.

[00:09:02]The state does a favor for a citizen. In return, the citizens also do a favor for the state. And this favor done by the state, it's offering citizens rights to this particular person who who are who we are calling citizen, isn't it?

[00:09:18]So, I believe from now we have gotten the concept and we can proceed.

[00:09:25]Okay, so remember where I have come from. We said that this term which is citizenship, it's made up of two terms, isn't it? We have citizen who also have citizenship. What is now citizenship since we have discussed we have defined citizen. So, having known who a citizen is, it's now easy for us to now understand citizen citizenship, okay? So, before we proceed, remember to comment, uh like, and subscribe.

[00:09:55]Okay, so we have the definition for citizenship here. We can have that before we start explaining. So, citizenship is written like this. So, I've see I So, civic education is one of the simplest It's one of the simplest subjects, isn't it? So, make sure you just have to You just have to uh develop that interest in civic education and everything will be okay. Don't forget to study. Studying is the only key to passing the exam. You can be attending the lessons without studying. It will be Things will be very complicated when you get in the exam room there. If It's because he or she wasn't studying.

[00:10:41]So, make sure that you study. You study, okay?

[00:10:47]Okay, so let's say you haven't studied these things that I've talked about. So, I might have left something from here.

[00:10:53]And if you haven't studied, it means that you have gone with the partial information in the exam, isn't it? And that partial information that I've gone with in the exam, it will cost you. So, make sure study. Study, okay? Compare the notes. Get this book. See what the book is talking about. Use another book.

[00:11:09]Study. Understand, okay?

[00:11:12]Then, if you understand, you will discover that these things are very important.

[00:11:18]Okay. So, citizenship, back to back to our actions. So, that was just a simple a quick break to refresh our mind.

[00:11:26]So, citizenship is simply the state So, this is the state of belonging to a particular country, nation, or state. So, this citizenship, it's simply a state of belonging to what? To a particular country or nation.

[00:11:45]Okay. So, we can have our definition. We have said that citizenship is simply a state. This is simply the state So, make sure that you follow attentively and write everything you feel it's important cuz I might be not writing everything that is important, but I might be saying that the things that are important. So, make sure if you feel that this thing is might help me, take note of that. Take note of that because it's not everything that I can be writing, isn't it? Okay.

[00:12:18]So, we have said that citizenship is simply the state of doing what? Of belonging. Okay.

[00:12:27]Belonging to a particular to a particular what?

[00:12:37]To a particular country.

[00:12:41]Okay. Rather than belonging to a particular country, you can belong to a certain nation, isn't it? Nation or even state.

[00:12:51]Even a state. Any of these or any of these three, it's correct for you, okay? Citizens citizenship is simply the state of belonging to a particular country. The state of belonging to a particular country, okay?

[00:13:10]So, there are two aspects of citizenship. There are two aspects of citizenship, okay? There are only two. Hear me well, there are only two. So, we've got two aspects of a citizenship and these are legal legal and moral aspect of citizenship.

[00:13:34]Legal and moral moral aspect of of what? Of citizenship. Remember the definition for citizenship. Remember the definition for citizenship and make sure that you master this this definition.

[00:14:05]Okay. So, we only have what? Two aspect of citizenship and we have legal legal and moral aspect of citizenship. Okay.

[00:14:15]We have what? We have legal legal which is this one. Legal. So, just know legal.

[00:14:21]This is something that has to do with laws. It has something to do with those.

[00:14:26]And this moral just know that this deals with it the the the morality of a person. This is the morality of a person. This legal you can just tell that from the term legal, from the term legal, there is a the inclusion of law in this particular aspect. And this moral deals with the morality of a citizen. So, that is a simple idea or a surface idea you can use to understand these two.

[00:14:52]Let's now go into details so that we clearly understand now so that even if a question was to come, we can get that question correct.

[00:15:04]So, sorry. [clears throat] Legal aspect. We have got legal aspect here. Write legal aspect in your notebook. So, we have legal aspect like this as simple as this.

[00:15:16]We have written it. I can see we have written.

[00:15:20]I can see everyone as written.

[00:15:23]So, legal aspect.

[00:15:25]So, what is there in the legal aspect or what does it talk about? So, here in the legal aspect of citizenship, so you can put legal aspect of citizenship, you can finish, but even this it's okay as if as um as long as you are able to understand, okay?

[00:15:43]So, this legal aspect this legal aspect which is aspect of citizenship, here a citizen is recognized by the law. Is recognized by the law. Remember I said that legal has something to do with the law. So, we've got law here.

[00:16:00]So, this is the law of law. And we have said that in a legal citizen in a legal aspect, a citizen Remember the definition for a citizen? A citizen here is is done what?

[00:16:11]Is recognized recognized is recognized by by the law.

[00:16:23]Okay. A citizen is recognized by the law.

[00:16:29]And after being recognized by the law, his or her rights the citizen's rights Remember the citizen's rights that he enjoys. So, those rights are enshrined in the laws of the state, okay? And we can say that his or her rights are enshrined in the laws of the state. So, how how do you spell his?

[00:16:50]How do you spell his? Okay.

[00:16:53]Uh like this, okay? His or her rights are done what? Are enshrined.

[00:17:07]Okay. His or her rights are enshrined by the state.

[00:17:13]Or by the law. Are enshrined Okay, we can say we cannot say by, it's in. Okay?

[00:17:18]So, his or her rights are enshrined in the laws of the state. In the laws of the state.

[00:17:31]Okay, so this is the simple definition you can you can use to define the legal aspect. Just say, "Under legal aspect, what happens? Citizen here a citizen is recognized by the what? By the law."

[00:17:45]And his or her rights are enshrined in the laws of the state whether abroad or at home. So, the rights will be enshrined in the laws of the state whether whether by what?

[00:17:58]By uh whether abroad or at home.

[00:18:03]Whether abroad or at home.

[00:18:16]Okay. So, what do you mean by abroad?

[00:18:17]So, abroad simply means you're not in your country. So, your your your rights will remain enshrined in the laws of the state whether So, here so that you understand I'll just put it outside the country outside the country and for for last we can just use child, isn't it? Yeah. Whether you abroad but don't write Let me just put it. You can Let me just rub it. You can just end up writing it in the exam room, okay?

[00:18:48]So, your your your rights remain enshrined whether you are abroad or you are at home. At home means you are in your own country. Okay? You are in your country your own country maybe where you are maybe I'll in your circle. That means that you are in your own country and that country it's your home country.

[00:19:05]So, this home simply means your country and this abroad outside the country. So, your rights will be will be will remains enshrined whether you are abroad or or or paper panganda.

[00:19:20]So, this is what happened in the legal aspect of human legal aspect of citizenship.

[00:19:30]So, I've said that the right to remain enshrined by the law whether at home or abroad. And citizen a citizen is provided with the opportunities. Here a citizen is provided with the opportunities. So, make sure you can write that a citizen right a citizen is provided with or opportunities.

[00:19:50]And So, sorry we don't we we didn't finish that the the sentence. We said that a citizen is provided with opportunities and that opportunities are for the law of enjoyment. Okay, so a citizen is provided with opportunities for the law of enjoyment of his or her freedom of ownership of property and political rights. So, make sure that you've written that. If you haven't written, you can uh you can reverse the video. You can reverse the video for 10 seconds. You're going to find the the the sentence, okay? So, here a citizen who failed to comply with the law meaning a citizen who who are from his, okay? He's liable for prosecution.

[00:20:39]He's liable for prosecution.

[00:20:42]Okay? That's what prosecution simply means. So, we have said that a citizen a citizen who fails Can we write that? Please.

[00:20:56]A citizen who fails to comply Okay. So, comply with the Okay. The legal aspect is the legal aspect of Oh, sorry. Sorry. Sorry. A citizen who failed to comply with the legal aspect of citizen is reliable for prosecution.

[00:21:45]Okay. A citizen who is a citizen A citizen who fails to comply with a legal aspect of citizen- citizenship.

[00:21:55]So, this is citizenship finished. Is reliable for prosecu- Kindly finish this. This is citizenship. Okay.

[00:22:02]So, another legal aspect Oh, sorry.

[00:22:05]Another aspect of citizenship we said is what? It's It's moral aspect. Remember moral aspect is it? It's moral aspect.

[00:22:12]Let's talk about moral aspect.

[00:22:19]So, kindly comment if you are able to understand what I am explaining.

[00:22:26]And if you are not able to like understand what we're talking about.

[00:22:33]So, moral aspect of what? Of citizenship. Isn't it moral aspect of citizenship? So, moral aspect here it's just the moral aspect the moral aspect acknowledges the value of self-discipline and self-control.

[00:22:47]Remember the moral we said that it deals with the morality of the person. So, a a moral a moral person is able to control his or her own behavior.

[00:22:57]You can say behavior. Yeah. His or her own behavior.

[00:23:01]Okay. So, we have said that the moral aspect it just acknowledges it acknowledges so you can say that moral aspect acknowledges it acknowledges what?

[00:23:11]What does it acknowledges?

[00:23:13]What does it acknowledge?

[00:23:15]So it acknowledges the value. Okay, the value of what? The value of self of self.

[00:23:26]So of self discipline We know what self-discipline which in the car. Self-discipline self-discipline and the self-control.

[00:23:49]Okay, self-control and the self discipline. And under moral aspect a citizen is not a citizen who failed to comply with the moral aspect is not liable for prosecution but may be reprimanded by the society. So don't worry I'm going to explain what reprimanded means.

[00:24:10]So you can write here, right? Remember on the legal aspect we said the citizens that's what he is who failed to comply is liable for prosecution. Is liable for prosecution who failed to comply with the legal aspect of citizen. But here on moral aspect a citizen who failed to to comply with the moral aspect of citizen is not liable for prosecution. Write that. Here it's not is not liable for prosecution but may be reprimanded. He may be reprimanded. So I'm saying reprimand.

[00:24:43]He may be reprimanded.

[00:24:54]Reprimanded like this, isn't it?

[00:24:57]Oh sorry. Okay. So, he may be reprimanded.

[00:25:02]So, reprimanded just means uh to sit him him or her down.

[00:25:07]Sit him on Ukomu kalika panchi for tonatse. No, he did this a little fyan and then bam Ukomu kalika panchi.

[00:25:14]Yeah, in the past they used to when you make a crime or you when you commit a crime, you're they're going to take you to a place where where it was called panzaka, isn't it? And then they'll call the elders and they'll call elders who teach you. So, that's reprimand reprimanding means.

[00:25:29]The elders will sit you down. The elders of the community will sit you down and try to explain to you and see you're being you'll be given a second chance.

[00:25:40]Okay, so he may be reprimanded by the state. So, these are the two aspect of uh citizenship.

[00:25:51]Okay, so let's now talk of uh another thing that you need to know, which is alien.

[00:25:55]Alien.

[00:25:57]So, here is a space that you've created for the um writing of another important thing that we need to know, which is an alien. An alien.

[00:26:10]So, I believe you have heard this before, but not to watch what I know.

[00:26:13]I'm watching a movie of a aliens.

[00:26:16]No, not that.

[00:26:18]This is different from the movies that we used to watch. I remember watching one one of those kind of one one of those movies of what is an alien. Alien.

[00:26:30]So, who is an alien? Who is So, an alien you're going to find out that sometimes this alien is called is known as a foreigner.

[00:26:39]So, I believe from this word foreigner, you can now define what an alien is.

[00:26:47]Foreign. This is foreigner. Foreign, but in our language we say new foreigner, isn't it?

[00:26:54]Okay. So, an alien is also known as a foreign, isn't it? It's known as a foreign. So, this foreign or alien is simply a person. This is simply a person staying in a country which is not his or her own country. Okay? A person staying in a country which is not his or her own country. Okay?

[00:27:17]Have that definition kindly. Have that definition. We have said that this alien is simply a person a person who a person staying in a country which is not his which is not his or her own country country.

[00:28:04]Okay. So, who is an alien now? An alien is simply a person staying in a country which is not his or her own country.

[00:28:13]And this particular country that's what I'm talking about, alien is called the host country. So, this is known as host country. So, the country that keeps that particular that alien it's not it will be called the host country. Okay? So, a person staying in a host country which is not in his or her own country. So, we have said that the country where that particular alien is staying is called the host country because it's the one hosting him or her at that particular time. That's the reason it's called the host country. I believe you've understood, okay? You've understood.

[00:28:53]Okay. So, let me let me have this sentence that will help us understand because explaining it to will be a bit lost.

[00:29:02]So, it says alien an alien So, if you just forget the spelling for an alien, so this is double L.

[00:29:13]An alien Isn't it? An alien although staying or can say although resident resident So, resident means the same as staying, isn't it? A resident in one country owes allegiance to another country.

[00:30:01]So, don't worry. I'm going to explain what this means.

[00:30:07]Okay. So, an alien although resident in one uh country owes allegiance to another country. So, here we're simply be saying that he although an alien may be staying in the host country, may be staying in another country, this is what resident means, staying, okay? Although that particular alien may be staying in another country, he owes, okay? He owes the rights of that particular country where he came from, okay? Where he came from. He owes the obligation to that particular country where he he where he came from. He needs to perform the duties of that country. Remember the duties of a citizen. Remember the duties. But he cannot perform those duties to the host country which they which which is hosting him, okay? He cannot uh perform those duties. But those duties can be performed by him in the country that he was, okay? That he was. So for example, a Zambian, for example, a Zambian living and working in Botswana, isn't it? A Zambian living and working in Botswana, still So that Zambian still owes loyalty to Zambia. So that's what allegiance means. Still owes loyalty to Zambia.

[00:31:13]That person who is staying in Botswana is still owes the loyalty to uh still owes the loyalty to Zambia. Meaning he needs to perform the duties of the citizen in Zambia, okay? But he cannot perform those citizen duties in Botswana. And where he stays in Botswana, he'll be called an alien. And Botswana will be called a host country because it's the country that is hosting him at that particular time.

[00:31:42]Okay, I believe you have understood now.

[00:31:45]It's clear, right? If it's clear, uh communicate in the comment section, please. Communicate in the comment section.

[00:31:51]Okay. So, this alien that we've been talking about, a person staying in a country which is not his or her own country, enjoys civil civil rights. He enjoys civil rights, but he does not enjoy political rights. So he we can say he enjoys uh rights, isn't it? He enjoys rights.

[00:32:12]And that this particular rights that he enjoys, it's civil rights. So you can add that this The alien only enjoys civil rights. He enjoys civil rights, but not political rights. So political rights, you know, for voting here, he cannot do that.

[00:32:30]Civil So he only uh enjoys civil rights.

[00:32:35]But not Not what? Political right, isn't it?

[00:32:43]Political rights.

[00:32:45]Okay. He enjoys civil rights, but not political uh rights.

[00:32:53]So, this means that he he cannot uh take part in any election. Cannot take part in voting, isn't it? Because he does not enjoy political right. Underline this, please. Underline it. Underline it. So, he does not do what? Enjoy political right. So, he cannot take part in choosing the leader. If you go in Botswana, you cannot take part in the election because you are an alien, and an alien does not take part in political uh rights. He He never enjoys political rights in the host country, but he enjoys the political rights in his country. Kuli akwa meaning if he goes back, he can enjoy these rights. Okay.

[00:33:32]But, Mulyomal he cannot enjoy these rights. I hope I've communicated something.

[00:33:42]So, since uh the enjoyment of uh an alien's rights is limited, the enjoyment of an alien's rights, sorry. The enjoyment of this an alien's rights is limited. This means that the this alien has no Okay. Has no full rights.

[00:33:59]So, he can for he say he does not does not have full rights And he does not have full rights and freedom and freedom to acquire or sell property. So, he does not have full rights and freedom to acquire or sell property. To acquire or sell property.

[00:34:33]So, if you go in Zim- in Zimbabwe, if you go in Zimbabwe to any other country which is not his, you will not have the freedom and uh rights to acquire or sell properties. For example, you cannot sell a land there because you have no rights, okay? And you cannot acquire that land because you have no rights until you becomes a citizen of that particular country. That's when you can acquire a land or sell that property. Am I communicating?

[00:35:01]Again.

[00:35:04]And the laws the laws that governs the alien, the laws that govern the entry of the alien or the state or or the state of alien are known as immigration uh laws, immigration immigration laws.

[00:35:18]Don't write immigration, immigration.

[00:35:21]So, immigration, this starts with I M M. So, we have I M again M immigration then G R A T I O N, okay? Like this, immigration laws. So, I've said that immigration laws are simply um the laws that governs the entry of citizen or the status of a citizen. So, finish this. I believe you can finish.

[00:35:52]So, immigration laws So, we have said that the aliens are guided by immigration laws, isn't it? And we have said that immigration laws are simply laws that govern the entry or the status or the entry and let's move or let's uh put end. So, immigration law are simply laws that governs the entry and the what? The entry and the status of um the a- the alien, okay?

[00:36:26]So, the alien, I believe we have gotten one or two things on our an alien is the things that an alien cannot do, the things he can do. He cannot acquire lands, he cannot take part in political rights.

[00:36:42]So, although the enjoyment of rights of a citizen is limited, but he does some duties. He does some duties, but not citizen duties, okay? He does some duties, but not the duties he bounded by the state, okay? So, he does the duties such as paying taxes, paying taxes to the host country, but it is not It is not bounded by the state. Those duties are not bounded by the state. So, he only do duties that is that are not bounded by the state, okay? So, kindly comment, like, subscribe. Please do that.

[00:37:19]Communicate how how the lesson was so that we know how we can do. If you have understood, like. If you haven't understood, comment, okay?

[00:37:29]You can also comment if you have If you have understood. We will meet in the next lesson. Have a great night. Sweet dreams.