This lecture masterfully distills complex electronic effects into a pragmatic, high-yield algorithm for competitive exam success. It is a textbook example of how to weaponize organic chemistry theory for professional certification through clear, prioritized logic.
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Deep Dive
UPSC DRUG INSPECTOR | RESONANCE | GOC | THEORY CLASS - 1 | 186 POST | B.Pharm Can Apply
Added:186 vacancies have been seen for UPSC Drug Inspector. This is not like our normal pharmacist. Ours is not a normal entrance exam, even then this exam will not be passed and if any child has not solved the advanced questions, has not studied it in an advanced manner, then also he will not be passed. Hello everyone, how are you all kids? I hope you all are doing really well. I am Priyanka Goswami and I welcome all of you once again to Pharmacy India.
So as you all know that recently 186 vacancies have been seen for UPSC Drug Inspector. So if you are preparing for the UPSC Drug Inspector examination, this video is going to be game changing for you.
Please watch this video till the end and the topic which I am going to complete in this video is going to be important for you.
So if you are preparing for the UPSC Drug Inspector examination this video and this channel is going to be important for you. If you are new then first of all subscribe to Pharmacy India YouTube channel.
You should keep getting notifications. Therefore, you should also press the bell icon because if you do not press the bell icon, you will not be able to see any videos uploaded here. That is why you will not get any notification.
And let me tell you one more very important thing, the UPSC Drug Inspector exam you take is not like our normal pharmacist exam.
This is not our normal entrance exam. You know very well that this is a very high level examination. It is a high level job profile. So if you think that friend, I have prepared to become a pharmacist.
I have studied pharmacist. I have studied for some entrance exam. I will easily clear the Drug Inspector exam through him.
So this does not happen. The level of the paper is in front of you.
What level is the paper asking every year? How are you setting the questions? From where and how is he asking such questions? You know. You know that you are completely aware about the competition, how much the competition has increased. And if you think that I will prepare in the same manner and give the exam. If I get selected then I will not have a son. As UPSC Drug Inspector is a high level examination, you will have to prepare properly. You will have to work hard. You will have to study it day by day. Here, you can take the PYQs of all the subjects and topics you have. When you pick up PYQ and see, you will know what level of questions are asked.
This level pharmacists cannot match. No other entrance exam of yours can match this level. This is different. For this you should practice PYQs very importantly. Most of all, you have to remember that your foundation should be strong.
Along with the foundation, whatever our advanced level is, everything of yours should also be very strong. Look, if your foundation is good in Pharmacist or any other different exams you have, then it is important to know that your foundation is good in all of them.
You also do PYQ by studying moderately.
You develop the presence of mind to clear the exam. But this is not that type of exam. If a child's foundation i.e. basic is not clear then he will not be able to clear this exam. And if any child has not solved the advanced questions.
Even if you have not read it in advance, it will not come out. It is very important to understand both things and your modules are written in front of you to explain these things.
What are you going to get in it?
Pharmaceutical analysis is about to be received.
You will get modules for all your subjects like Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics, Organic Chemistry etc. That too absolutely free of cost. You will get all these modules absolutely free of cost.
If you enroll in this live batch, you can see that there are books here also.
If you just want to buy books then you can also go through books. Alldo, if you take live batch then you will get these books complimentary. But if you want to buy only books then you can also buy books which is our Drug Inspector's Success Kit. Along with the Success Kit, we also have an objective book of Pre-Q through which you can practice questions.
Along with question practice, your theory will also be prepared. This book is available to you on Flipkart and Amazon.
You can order by cash on delivery. There are three model papers. There are more than 2000 test series. You are the test series. There are four UPSC previous papers. This book is specifically designed for drug inspectors.
As I just told you that this drug inspector examination is not like any other examination.
This is a different level exam. And according to that this book has been made which has been specially designed for the UPSC Drug Inspector examination in which you will get complete theory, you will get complete PYQs, you will get four years old papers, all the preparation can be done at a very good and excellent level if you purchase it and for this you can call on the given number that is 6395596959, if you need any information you can find out by calling on this number and these modules are in front of you. You can get all these modules in hard copy form. Okay, all this has been discussed. Now without any delay let us start our today's topic. Where did we start the topic from? Son, today I am going to make you complete a small topic which I have taken from General Organic Chemistry.
So where is our topic going to be? Son, this topic is going to be of your General Organic Chemistry.
General Organic Chemistry which we will know by what name in short? It is obvious, GOC.
I am bringing a small topic of GOC i.e. Organic Chemistry for you. That is resonance.
But before I do that, let me explain resonance to you. Let me tell you what is the importance of organic chemistry?
What is the Organic Chemistry Key in this examination of yours? Again I am telling you that if you will give the UPSC Drug Inspector exam, you should know every subject from the basics. Since I teach you Organic Chemistry, if I tell you about my subject then if you do not start Organic from A B C D then you will never be able to learn its reactions in life. Be it any child or any teacher, if his basics are weak then he can never learn name reaction or further chapters and further topics.
And organic chemistry is a class I wo n't teach you unless I write things down here. I will not teach things by drawing them myself. You will not understand it properly.
For this, a very good, very good way of teaching is that the teacher teaches you from the front. And I am going to teach you each and every thing myself. I am going to get you to make notes by writing them in front of me.
Your demo class is starting from today, all your classes that will come here, let me tell you specifically about organic chemistry. Son, I will teach you each class by writing it myself here. I will get each of your notes made here myself.
But you just promise that you will do as much as I ask you to do. You have to do as much homework as I give you. You have to do as much preparation as I make you do. If you do that much in Organic Chemistry, I promise I will make Organic your favourite subject. You will get the highest and best marks in Organic in UPSC.
You should listen to this with assurance. But I have to work as hard as I say. Get ready to work hard.
Only then will the UPSC exam be conducted.
Now the most foundation topic of your organic is General Organic Chemistry. The most basic topic we have in this is resonance.
Ma'am, this is very basic, so everyone knows it.
Everyone knows this, right? There will not be any child who does not know about resonance. Everyone knows it.
Well, if you all know then let me give you a small example.
You tell me in this example when this resonance is coming and when it is not coming.
Let me give you a small example.
I took these two compounds. Let's say this is a compound number, let's say this is a compound number, let's say b. Now my small question to you is this.
Please tell me in which of these compounds conjugation is found? And in which of these compounds is resonance being observed? What is being found in what? Just tell me this small thing.
From here I will test how much resonance you have, son? How much GOC do you know? GOC is prepared for everyone.
Tell me quickly. These are two compounds.
Which of these ones has conjugation? Which one has resonance? Either both have neither or both have both. Now it's your turn. You tell me. I have asked you a question. Now what is where? What is not there where? Look ma'am, if I tell you the answer, if I just tell you the answer, then see, you are getting resonance in A as well as in B.
Meaning, resonance is present in both compound A and B.
But if I talk about conjugation, is conjugation in A? No, ma'am. There is no conjugation of any kind in your compound A. Conjugation is absent here. Is there conjugation here? Yes sir. There is conjugation here. How is the conjugation? Please explain it to me. Now I will give complete explanation of conjugation.
I will give a detailed explanation. For now, just understand that look ma'am, this is a double bond. Then single bonds, then double bonds. That means we are having this alternate double bond. We have an alternate double bond being presented. And whenever alternate double bonds are present then conjugation is automatically present there. So this one will bring the double bond here.
This one will bring the double bond here.
What does that mean present here? The conjugation is present. Were there alternate double bonds present? Were not there.
Ma'am, here you can see only one double bond.
There is no double bond at all. So with what will this double bond show conjugation? There must be something with which this conjugation is shown. That is why there was no conjugation here. So ma'am, now this means that whenever we have alternate double bonds, then conjugation will take place. Yes it will happen.
What do you understand by resonance? Son, if I give a simple definition of resonance, then resonance is if you have a structure of a compound and one structure of that compound is not able to explain all its properties, then we start making more than one structure of the same particular compound.
Many create many different structures. Then when we create those different structures, those structures explain all the properties of that particular compound.
And do you know what these structures say? These particular structures are called resonating structures. And this entire phenomenon, this phenomenon is called your resonance. That is, ma'am, if we have to write a simple definition of resonance, what will it be? You can simply write when a single structure is not able to explain all the properties then draw different possible structures.
Different possible structures and by what name do you know those different possible structures ma'am? Those different possible structures that we have can also be known as Lewis structures.
We can know them by the name of Lewis structures or by what name will we know them? Or son, you also know them as resonating structures. You can either know them as Lewis structures or you can also know them as resonating structures. If one structure of a compound is not able to describe all its properties, then we will create different structures of it.
And by what name will we know those structures, ma'am? We will know those structures as resonating structures.
What will these be called? These will be called our resonating structures. Isn't it?
Tech contribution from each structure.
Tech contribution from each structure to make a hybrid.
Now I will explain to you very clearly what this hybrid is? I will tell you in full detail. For now you just keep watching.
Tech contribution from each structure structure to make a hybrid and that hybrid and that hybrid is resonance hybrid. What name will you call this hybrid? Ma'am, we will know this hybrid by the name of Resonance Hybrid. And son, whatever resonance hybrid we have prepared has been prepared, it will explain all the properties of the compound. You can write it will explain all the properties.
This will give us access to all the properties very easily. I will explain it and give it to you.
What do you call this, ma'am? This is called resonance hybrid. Now what is this hybrid ma'am? We did not understand at all. Please explain this thing to us a little more clearly.
Let me explain it to you with an example after which you will understand it 100%.
For example, what did I take? Ma'am, you have taken a benzene. This is your benzene. ok sir? What should I do now? One thing I do is try making it in a different way.
I delocalized this double bond here.
This bond is delocalized here. This bond is delocalized here. I shifted the position of all three bonds. When I delocalized these three bonds, what did we end up with? Son, you have something like this.
This bond has come here. This bond here, this bond here. Now, this is also benzene. This is also called benzene. So both of your benzene. So do you know what these two structures will be called?
Both these structures will be called your resonating structures. By what name will we know this, ma'am? We will call this resonating structure. Both of these are resonating structures of benzene. Okay ma'am, now tell me what does this hybrid mean? Okay, I will tell you. Son, between which carbons is the double bond located? Is this carbon in the middle of the carbon? Yes it is.
Let's have this one in the middle of the carbon. Is this carbon amide carbon? Yes, it is in this ring. So let's have this too. What about this carb, meaning when you look here, what will you see between each carbon? You will see bonds between each carbon.
What would we see between each carbon? We might be seeing a bond. That means, if we want to make its hybrid, how will it be made? Its hybrid will be ready for you in this manner.
What do you call this? This is called your resonance hybrid. This is known as your Resonance Hybrid. When we have it complete, we will take the contribution. We also took contributions from this structure.
We took from this too. With the contribution of both, we got Resonance Hybrid.
Now this hybrid of yours which is ready, will explain all the properties of this benzene ring of this compound.
Neither this person nor this person will explain all its properties, but who will? This hybrid which is ready, this hybrid is going to explain all the properties we have.
clear? So we understood these things very well.
But ma'am you have used a word here, small contribution from each structure. That means you said here that we will take a little contribution from every structure. Now in this matter, please tell us a little about how we will take the contribution? Now let me tell you one more thing. The more stable the resonating structure is, the more contribution you will have to take.
The more you will have to give priority to that structure. That means if you want to give priority to any structure, want to keep it on priority, then you should have a very stable structure.
Meaning, this thing should be absolutely fixed for you that the more the stability of the resonating structure, the more the stability of your resonating structure is going to be, the more we will have, remember this thing, the more we will take, the more we will have to take contribution, the more we will have to take contribution, okay ma'am, we have understood this thing but till now we have not understood at all that how are you telling us to identify the stability of the resonating structure.
Now how do we know whether our resonating structure is stable or not?
How do we tell if our resonating structure is stable or not? Now many paraphernalia come to tell this. And sometimes in your exam you are directly asked such questions that tell me this is a resonating structure.
What is going to be their stability order? Such a question can be asked directly in your exam.
So now we will understand that if we have to find out the stability of the resonating structure then how will we do it? So for that we will have to see what are the factors that affect it. So let us add the heading now. What heading will it be? We will have the heading Factors Affecting Stability of Resonating Structure.
What are the factors that affect our resonating structure?
Tell us about each of you one by one.
So look, the first factor you are going to have is the number of charges.
What does charge mean? If I explain to you the meaning of charge, then you can have two types of charges.
One is positive charge. The second is negative charge.
What do we call your positive charge, son? That is called your cation. Isn't it? What is our negative charge called, ma'am? It is simply called anion. So these are basically your charges. Now, the more charges there are in a compound, let's say it is any random compound, remember that the more charges there are in a compound, the lesser is its stability, do not forget this at all. That means, if we write about it, what will we write?
I will get you to write one simple thing.
That number of charges is inversely proportional to the stability of the resonating structure. Please remember this.
is inversely proportional to the stability of the resonating structure. This means that basically the more charges there are in your resonating structure, the less stable that structure will be. It will not be stable at all. Meaning, if you want your resonating structure to be stable, what do you have to look at? So for that you will have to focus on keeping your charges very low.
That means what happened to the first factor? We have the first factor, the number of charges.
ok sir. This is your first factor. Now there will be many such factors.
Firstly, it is charged. The second factor is the number of bonds. So this factor is also important. The second factor we're going to have is the number of bonds. Now tell me ma'am, what do you understand by these bonds? Son, how many bonds are coming? Like double bond, triple bond. So many bonds are coming.
So for this, remember this thing, that number of bonds.
The thing you have to remember is that the number of bonds is directly proportional to the stability of the resonating structure.
Never forget that the more bonds there are in your resonating structure, the greater the number of bonds, the greater will be the stability of the resonating structure.
Meaning if you want your resonating structure to be stable.
For that you have to focus on the number of bonds. Higher will be the bond. The more will be the more stable will be the resonating structure. That means you need a higher number of bonds. Number of bonds came to us second priority. The more bonds you get, the more will it be, ma'am? The more stability we will have, basically.
You have to remember this very well.
ok sir? Let's move on to the third factor.
What will be the third factor we have? The third factor you have, the most important factor is the location of charge. The third factor is location of charge. And often it is in this factor that children make the most mistakes. The biggest mistake you are going to make is in the location of charge. Ma'am, what do you understand by location of charge? Meaning, which charge will be more stable where? Which charge will be less stable where? We can simply call this our location of charge. For example, you just told me there are two charges. One negative charge, one positive charge. Now can you tell me where this negative charge will be stable? Where will this positive charge be stable?
Ma'am, as far as I remember, negative charge will be stable where we have more electronegative elements.
Absolutely right. That is, if you have one more electronegative and one less electronegative. So your negative charge will become stable at the place where your more electronegative element is. And just do the vice versa. The positive charge will be stable where the less electronegative element is found.
For example, on one side there is oxygen and on the other side there is carbon, please tell me which is more electronegative, now there is nothing to tell in this, ma'am, oxygen is more electronegative in comparison to carbon, so the negative charge which is more electronegative will want to go there, the negative charge will be stable here, if we place it here then it will not be stable at all, then which one is stable here, our positive charge can be stable here, so the negative charge will be stable on the electronegative element which is electropositive. The positive charge on it is stable. This is what our factor, Location of Charge, said.
What did we find out here? Here we came to know that negative charge is stable on electronegative elements where as positive charge is stable on less electronegative elements.
You can also call less electronegative as electropositive. It's your wish. Whatever name you want to know it by, less electronegative seems easy to me.
So I wrote it this way. If you want, you can also call it an electropositive element. There is no problem. There is no problem here. Did you understand? Like let me give you a simple example. You tell me, here we have to see who is more stable and who is less stable. I gave you a simple example.
CH2 double block C single block H here there is positive charge. Ok?
Look here, you will see a positive charge on carbon. Now let me give you another basic example. Ah, this was oxygen here. Oxygen has a negative charge.
I will give you one more example.
Same CH2 double bed C single bed H, negative charge has come here. Positive on oxygen.
Son, I am not balancing anyone's valency. I am taking an example just to explain it to you.
Now you tell me, is this compound more stable or is this compound more stable? Compound is written with you. All you have to do is tell which is more stable and which is less stable.
Look ma'am, we have a positive charge on oxygen. And you know very well that oxygen is an electronegative element. Negative charge will work on this and not positive. Whereas here they have put it positive. This is absolutely correct.
Put negative on oxygen and positive on carbon. That's absolutely correct. So who is more stable brother? Obviously this will be more stable than this. Did you understand? So who tells us this basically? Location of charge tells which charge is going to be best at which location? After location, what comes to us on the fourth page? ma'am?
Fourthly you have the fourth parameter called separation of charge. The fourth parameter that is going to come to us is separation of charge, son, that is, separation in charge, ma'am, what does separation mean, son, there are only two people, only two different people can be separated, if someone is standing alone, can you separate him, no ma'am, if someone is alone, then we can never separate him, there are always two different people separated, similarly, if we are looking at separation of charges, it is very common for that that there must be at least two charges. Only if there are two charges will you be able to separate them. Otherwise, what is the point of separation? Do you understand what I am saying?
So minimum two charges are required.
First of all, write down here what is the need?
Minimum two charges are required.
Who has the highest requirements, ma'am? The most required minimum we have is two charges. This much should definitely happen. Isn't it? Now, let's say we have a compound, I took any random compound. Now one side is negative, one side is positive.
What do you see here? Ma'am, we are seeing opposite charges here. So if charges are opposite. Write down what I say.
If the charges are opposite, then what kind of charges are these that you are seeing? Ma'am, if the charges we have are opposite. What will we have in return? ma'am? If the charges are opposite then we will have more attraction here. There will be a lot of attraction between the two charges and remember what I said, when two different charges come, there will be attraction between them and the more the attraction, the more stable the resonating charge will be, the more will be the stability of your resonating structure, right, the more stable the resonating charge will be, the more the negative and positive will be close to each other, but suppose the negative and positive are very far apart. Suppose negative and positive are very far apart. If the negative and positive are very far apart then the attraction will also be less, if the attraction is less then the stability will also be less. So remember what I said. It's a simple thing, listen. If there are two different charges, then first see whether those two charges are negative or positive or are of the same type. If they are different, suppose one is negative and the other is positive, then the closer these two are to each other, the more attraction there will be and the more stability will be achieved.
But the further they are from each other, the less attraction and less stability they have. In this case, if both these are opposite charges then this is basically your first case in a way. What will happen in the second case?
In the second case, if this happens that if the charges are same, it means this is this, this is this, this is this.
Negative charge here too, negative charge here too. That means if the charges are same. If it happens to us that the charges are the same. So now tell me what will happen here? Son, now there will be repulsion here. Repulsion, right? Now we will have more repulsion. That means things of the same type repel each other. They want to run away from each other. And the more repulsion there is, the less stability your resonating structure will have this time. So this will be inversely proportional to your stability.
Stability of resonating structures.
This is the system, son. Okay, right?
We have this system. You just have to remember this. Are you getting confused? Don't be confused at all.
Let me explain it again.
Listen to me carefully.
What was the first factor we studied? ma'am? The first factor you told us was to first look at the number of charges. The more charges there are in a resonating structure, the less stable that resonating structure is going to be.
First of all, this. The second thing you told us was look at the number of bonds.
The more bonds your structure has, the more stable your resonating structure will be. So there must be bonds. Then what was the third thing we saw? Location of charge in which it is seen that negative charge will be stable where there is electronegative element. And the positive charge will be stable where there is an electro positive element. I have seen this. The fourth factor we saw in our possession was separation of charge.
What did you see where? Where we saw that ma'am, minimum we need two charges.
You are doing separation, friend. You will need at least two charges. So when we saw that if there are two different charges, then the closer they are, the better it is.
But if there are two similar charges, whether negative or positive.
The further away you stay, the better. That's all we talked about right now. There is one last factor left. Just look at that last factor.
Then your entire concept of stability of resonating structure will be lost.
And what is this last factor that is left? The fifth factor is the stability of the intermediate. The fifth factor is the stability of intermediate in you.
That is, what do you understand by intermediate stability? Before this, I am expecting that you would know about intermediates.
I am expecting this much from you that do you know what intermediates are? Which ones are there? Like carbocation, carbanion, free radical, benzene, nitrene, you must know everything. If any child does not know about these cases then write in the comment section that ma'am we do not know.
I am assuming that you would know this. That's why I am telling you this concept also. So the fifth factor is the stability of the intermediate. That means the more stable the intermediate is, the greater will be the stability of that resonating structure.
So you write here, what can we simply write here? Ma'am you can simply write that stability of resonating structure.
Simply write that the stability of the resonating structure is directly proportional to the stability of the intermediate. Isn't it? The more stable our intermediate is, the more stabilized our resonating structure is going to be.
These are our five factors. Ma'am, you have told us about the five factors on the basis of which we will see how stable or less stable our resonating structure is. But ma'am tell me one thing.
Suppose you have given a structure but you are finding two factors in that same structure.
There is a structure in which the number of bonds is more and in the same structure the number of charges is also more. What will you do now? Now will you consider the bond as the priority or the charges as the priority? Tell. Got stuck, right? Here if we have more than two factors contradicting in the same structure.
Or you seem to have more than two factors in the same compound.
Now what should we consider as priority? Come, let me teach you who to prioritize. So now here you will write the priority order, brother what is the priority order going to be? How are we going to select the priority, what is the priority of the brother structure? Let us understand the priority order in detail. Remember, you will have to give highest priority to the number of charges here. The order in which I have taught you all the things is exactly the same.
You will give first priority to the number of charges. So the first thing you have to notice is the number of charges. The more charges there are, the lower the stability of the resonating structure will be. After the charges, who will you give priority to? The second topic we studied was Number of Bonds. The more bonds you have, the higher your priority will be. Who will you give third priority to? The third factor I read was That Is Your Location of Charge. That means if your location is correct then it is fine brother. very good thing.
Who will you give fourth priority to?
We will give fourth priority to separation.
Separation of charge. ok sir? Understand?
And who will be given our last priority, son? The last priority will be given to the stability of the intermediate. Stability of intermediate co. That means, how particularly stable is our intermediate, how unstable is it. This is your complete priority order.
We have to set the priority in this order.
This is our particular order of priorities.
You have to set the priority in this order. In this way you will see when which resonating structure is becoming stable?
When which resonating structure is not stable. Did you understand this much? Yes or no? tell me fast. Have you come? I am leaving you with a question to improve your knowledge a little more.
Tell me what will be the answer to that question?
Here is your question about the order of stability of resonating structures. I am giving you the question of stability of resonating structure. I'm going to give compounds in the question.
Like here is the first compound CH2 double bond CH single bond C double bond O CH3 here is our compound number A. Ok? Look brother, I have made the compound.
Now the second compound I'm making is something where what did we do? CH2 positive.
How can a double bond sorry double bond exist here? What will we have here? Here ma'am, instead of double bond, we have single bond because you made it positive. CH double bond what will come to us ma'am? Here also you will have our CH. Apart from the double bond CH, there are single bonds CO- and CH3, so we have a compound.
What will we write about this? We write this as B CH2 positive CH- What should we do with this? Here we will just let it remain CH.
And then let's do something such that positive is on C, negative on O and from here CH3 will be connected. This is the compound number C from let's.
Ok? I gave you three compounds. Should I give you one more?
CH2 Positive CH- Again what did we do? Again we wrote CH here.
Ok? Another possibility is to give negative charge on C. Give a positive charge to O and connect it to it. This happened to CH3 D. What do you do now? I have to compare the resonating structure and give it to me in writing. A B C D Please give me the complete order in writing. What will you have? Order of stability of a basically resonating structure. If you have done this much and if you have solved this question then son, understand that the entire concept has become clear to you. Now I will wait for your answers in the comment section. You have to put all your answers in the comment section and whose answer will be correct, with explanation. Please listen to me carefully.
You have to give the correct answer in the comment section with proper explanation. Whichever child's answer with explanation appears absolutely correct to me, his comment will be pinned in the comment section. So all of you have to answer this and tell me in the comment section how you liked this lecture and if you want this complete PDF then go to Pharmacy India mobile app, go to the store option, search there UPSC Drug Inspector, you will get this complete PDF, download it from there and read it comfortably, so that is it for today's class, see you son, in the next class I will teach the next topic, resonance, do not forget to answer this in the comment section, thank you everyone.
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