Role of Bionanotechnology in Next-Generation Drug Delivery

[00:00:42]Hello sir YouTube WhatsApp mic. Keep one little Hello.

[00:01:29]Not audible.

[00:01:41]Dr. Baby, can you just make so that I can have control?

[00:02:02]>> Yes. Yes.

[00:02:07]You can keep me host. I'll be here only.

[00:02:10]contact I'll manage not issue. Oh, Yes. Now just let me know my screen visible or not.

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[00:03:28]Check.

[00:03:46]Let me share the screen till the time.

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[00:05:46]So dear participant, we are going to start uh a session at sharp 11:00.

[00:05:52]So there's a YouTube live session also going on.

[00:06:06]Dear participant, we are going to start a session at shop Given.

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[00:08:16]>> Yes sir. Good morning sir.

[00:08:17]>> Good morning. Hope I am audible to you.

[00:08:19]You also audible.

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[00:08:21]>> Rename your name.

[00:08:22]>> Yeah.

[00:08:25]>> Yes sir. I'll give the right to you for presentation. Just you can check it at your I'll make a co. Yes.

[00:08:34]>> Then I have to make some just share. No.

[00:08:38]Yeah. Yes. I just share your screen.

[00:08:57]Yes sir.

[00:08:59]>> Yeah this sir we can see coming coming.

[00:09:02]Yes I can see for your uh 30 29 slide this 29th number.

[00:09:07]>> Oh >> come to first slide sir.

[00:09:16]Yeah first slides.

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[00:09:20]Slideshow present begin with first.

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[00:09:30]>> H now we can see perfectly.

[00:09:32]>> Perfectly. Yeah.

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[00:09:34]>> Great.

[00:09:37]Last time what happens? One or two presentations.

[00:09:40]>> Okay.

[00:09:40]>> From my side I am not visible as well as audience. Audience also not visible.

[00:09:46]No, >> only screen is there then it is very difficult difficult to talk >> talk by only screen.

[00:09:56]>> Only screen okay now now perfectly sir you audible you're visible also we can see your presentation now you can stop your sharing.

[00:10:13]Yes sir. Yes sir. Uh that's just technical stop sharing.

[00:10:28]>> Yes sir. Yes.

[00:10:29]>> Yes. Yes.

[00:10:32]Yes sir. I hope can see my uh see my screen sir.

[00:10:36]>> Uh one minute just coming. Yes sir. Yes sir. Now great >> we'll keep it as such now. Even oh all p scholar sir MSE P A professor faculties are joined >> and we got very huge response there about three 75 participant registered >> m total. Yeah. Yeah.

[00:11:18]>> We'll start at shop 11:00. Dr. Arvin Vindukar is joining.

[00:11:22]>> Yes.

[00:11:23]>> I can see on YouTube live also people are joined.

[00:11:35]>> Yes.

[00:12:11]I think join Take as far as s is joining for other device.

[00:12:35]Yes.

[00:14:26]Infiniti.

[00:14:43]Yes.

[00:14:47]Is the screen visible enough?

[00:14:49]>> Yes sir. Yes.

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[00:14:53]>> Yes. Also joining. I think sir has came or no. Let me check.

[00:15:52]Dear participants, we are starting a session within a four or five minutes.

[00:15:55]Please stay tuned. Also, there's a session live going on on YouTube channel. So, already the link has been shared on your email as well as uh on your group.

[00:16:48]We are waiting for meeting for president microbiology society of India Arvindeshmuk. Once he join then we'll begin the session.

[00:17:14]Hello.

[00:17:22]Thank you. Thank you, sir.

[00:17:25]>> Thank you. Good morning, sir. Good morning, sir.

[00:17:27]>> Good morning. Good morning. Thank you.

[00:17:29]Yes, sir.

[00:17:43]whether Kok sir has joined.

[00:17:45]>> Yes sir. Yes sir.

[00:17:48]>> Okay.

[00:17:49]>> Yeah.

[00:17:49]>> So let us wait for 2 3 minutes more.

[00:17:56]>> Yes.

[00:17:57]Not audible. Not audible here. I'm not audible to sir. Unmute sir.

[00:18:03]>> Sorry. Sorry. Sorry sir. Hope I'm audible now.

[00:18:06]>> Yes. Yes. Now it is. So now 13 participants are joined. We'll wait for 2 three minutes then probably the session.

[00:18:14]>> Yes. Yes. Yes. More participant will join within two minutes.

[00:18:18]>> No no no coming. Yes.

[00:18:21]>> As for Indian time they are joining.

[00:18:24]>> Yes yes yes.

[00:18:26]So already I emailed them also.

[00:18:30]Okay.

[00:18:30]>> YouTube link as well as Zoom link because we can accommodate over 100 participant over here.

[00:18:35]>> Yes. Yes. Yes.

[00:18:39]>> People are joining 70.

[00:18:41]>> Joining 70. Yes. Yes. I can see people are joining. I'm admitting all now.

[00:18:46]>> Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.

[00:18:51]>> Dear participant, there's a YouTube live link also I have shared on your email as well as WhatsApp. Those are unable to join probably you can share that link to your colleagues so that they can also take the benefits of this very important uh session from our very expert uh person Dr. Kokris.

[00:19:11]We begin the session within 2 minutes.

[00:19:27]So shall we start now so that people will join one minute one minute one minute because generally our practice is that >> we wait for 5 minutes and then we start >> okay then we'll wait for next two 2 minutes now it is 11 minutes yes yes >> good good sir quum will be complete then >> correct correct correct >> now people are there relax at home because rain's going on. Maybe they can benefit benefit of this session >> and yes and in it will be recorded on the YouTube also that also we are going to >> correct correct that is really great for them. They can uh watch the session again and they can take the benefits of that. Correct sir.

[00:20:16]>> Correct. Correct. Correct.

[00:20:27]Sir is joining from which place? Arvin sir I think from home only.

[00:20:32]>> Joining from Pune Pune.

[00:20:36]>> I came back four days back.

[00:20:38]>> Yes sir. Yes sir. I was in US last two months.

[00:20:42]>> Yes. Yes sir.

[00:20:43]>> I was in US.

[00:20:45]>> Yes sir.

[00:20:46]>> And for 15 days I was in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigar. Yes sir. Uhhuh.

[00:20:52]>> Just before five days I came Puna.

[00:20:56]>> Yes sir.

[00:20:58]>> Yes. Again I'm going Kerala.

[00:21:00]>> Great sir.

[00:21:01]>> And then I'm going Jur.

[00:21:06]>> You are inspiration for us sir. Huh. You are sharing knowledge. You know we are lifelong learner like you all made us like this.

[00:21:14]>> Thank you. Thank you. And this is also how the traveling traveling to different places.

[00:21:20]>> Correct. Correct. Correct.

[00:21:22]>> Yes. Yes.

[00:21:23]>> By not by age might be >> yes my age is a 72. Correct.

[00:21:33]>> But I always say that there is a misplace of two and seven. It is a 27.

[00:21:39]>> Great great thought sir. Great thought.

[00:21:41]Yes dear participant. We are starting session within a minutes. I hope uh you are there.

[00:21:47]>> So you can start now >> uh mentally, physically.

[00:21:52]So >> you can start >> at the outset. Yeah. So we would like to welcome you all the participant who have joined across the nation. I can see the participant over here. So on behalf of microbiology society of India, President Dr. Arvinesh Mukar is there. On behalf of his and all the team members of microbiology India, I heartly welcome you all the participants for joining this first webinar series from the microbiology society of India and in association with the pharmaceutical microbology that's a part of this uh society. So I really welcome you all the participants and uh also I welcome you the our today's guest we can say not a guest is a speaker and renowned scientist. Let me first introduce uh Dr. Arvindes Deshmuk sir.

[00:22:39]He is the president of microiversity of India. Then then followed by we'll introduce Dr. Kok sir. So I first uh ask Dr. Arvindes Deshmuk sir just to begin with what is this microiversity of India? What is the agenda? What is the objective of the society? Sir I'm just hand overision to you. Can you just speak your mind?

[00:22:58]>> Thank you.

[00:23:00]Thank you Dr. Satish sir.

[00:23:03]Uh I'm really happy that Dr. Satish Pulchetta he has started this lecture series. It is not the only one and today inauguration is at the hands of Dr. coer very renowned scientist and uh his lecture will be useful to all students in pharmaceutical microbiology.

[00:23:38]Again I'm reiterating that pharmaceutical microbiology is a very very important section of the industrial microbiology.

[00:23:50]Our honorable uh finance minister Dr. Honorable Finance Minister Nirmala Sithar Raman also made a provision of lots of rupees to boost pharmaceutical microbiology and pharma industry in India.

[00:24:13]So uh it is a great opportunity to the student to learn and by attending such lectures they get a more exposure.

[00:24:27]They will become ready for the interview in very various pharma industries. I know Koker from 20 years.

[00:24:39]He is a really devotey and a dedicated person as well as highly studied person.

[00:24:50]So his lecture his words are useful to the young students microbiologist to society. I will not talk more on it. I will tell you only you that you go on the Google search website www.

[00:25:13]microbiosocciety.com you will get full idea or you go on Google search microbiologist society you will get all details of the microbiology society activity.

[00:25:31]I will not say thanks to Dr. Satish because he is a part and parcel of microbiology society.

[00:25:38]Only I appreciate his efforts and I wish all the best to this lecture series.

[00:25:46]Thank you. Thank you.

[00:25:48]>> Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Dr. Deshm. You are always inspiration for us and always the torchbearer for all entire nation for nation building. I think really thanks. Now it's a time to introduce our today's renowned speaker.

[00:26:04]One of the great human being I can say today with us. He has spent he has given time us and he never say no no no for us. He always say no is new opportunity for us. So today I'm introducer now recently selected as a post aware about that but that's a great achievement now current achievement I can say you so sir is having a rich experience of 32 years and he has a vast experience in the academics as well as research if you look at the his h index is more than more than 49 it index more than 49 H index is 33 itself reflects the quality and you know the the the the exemplary scientist and uh the research paper he has published more than 92 to all you know peerreview journals and he published 11 book chapters and 11 books in Ali Praashan one of the favorite book that I know he's a my also teacher so that is pharmaceutical microbiology still many many you know students remember him as a microbiologist and he wrote that first book that is pharmaceutical microbiology and all the you know bam student referring his book till now so he's one of the finest scientists finest author, finest person.

[00:27:13]So he has the total project failed project he has completed from ICMR, AICT, SPU industry funded project total grant more than 38 lakhs that show how he has been committed to the research and you know scientific community award more than 102 awards. He secured third rank in his selection of principal government pharmacy college MPC at recent achievement listed in the world top person scientist. Now recently S you know S rank global registry has you know come up come come up with this rank and he has appeared in that 5% scientist rank I think that's really great achievement sir we really salute you for that recent achievement he listed in top 2% scientist declared by Stanford city that also one of the great achievement from 2022 to 2026 best teacher awards I think he's the best teacher best researcher best scientist and best human being I can say young teacher career award in 2005 2006 from AICT. He has delivered many session across the nation in the workshop national seminar and conferences as a resource person invited lectures. Even he has visited various countries. You can see the list from England to China to Germany to Switzerland to Malaysia to you know Malaysia. He has published various newspaper articles membership fellowship more than three. He's qualified MSCIT approved microbiologist analyst from FDA. That's I think great achievement.

[00:28:36]So with this all the you know the achievements sir I would like to invite you over here to as a speaker and you know I I really thanks to you for accepting my invitation on behalf of Dr. Dhmuk president micropoly society of India and all the team of microprocity of India for this. So now the session is over to you sir. Thank you once again to all participant also. Yeah over to you sir. I stop my sharing.

[00:28:58]>> Yeah.

[00:29:04]Yes, you can share the screen sir now.

[00:29:11]>> Yes.

[00:29:17]>> Yes sir. Screen is visible now.

[00:29:19]>> Visible sir visible and you are completely properly audable sir. Yes.

[00:29:22]Thank you sir.

[00:29:23]>> Thanks. Uh good morning to one and all present for this sessions. First I am thankful to the president of microbiology society ambuksar and one of the young dynamic uh active member of this recently appointed as the president of pharmaceutical microbiologist professor satisa today uh uh I am very happy uh to present myself uh related to one of the topic recent topic that is a bio nanotechnology in next generation drug delivery systems. It audience may be pharmaceutical microbiology that topics should be such a way that that covers some 50% microbiology some part in the pharmaceutical sciences also and we have to select such topics that covers both the parts and based on that with discussion with the satis I decided to go for this topic bi nanotechnology that if audience is microbiology or pharmacy both are joints togethers and that may be applicable to the both areas and both the fields.

[00:30:39]I'm uh going to discuss that is how these plants or microbial sources natural sources can use for synthesis of the nanop particles and everyone knows the importance of nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical sciences or drug delivery systems. I will take some example few examples related to the how this nanop particle is used or applicable in the system. But basic parts how we going to synthesize this nanop particles that should have the stability specific size or specific particle size model dispersity. This is very important parameters if you're going to apply in the biological system.

[00:31:25]Then what is b nanotechnology?

[00:31:28]Yes, that is nanotechnology that is smaller size or smaller component smaller material science.

[00:31:34]If you combine with the bio that is two parameters are there that is one how this biological system helps to the production of the nanoscale components we can use it may be plants it may be microbial cells how it is useful to synthesize this nano derivatives and second if nanop particles are there nano components are there how it is going to help to the biological systems that the both ways sometimes this term alternatively it may be used bioanotechnology or nanobiotechnology.

[00:32:13]Yes, where it may be used but it is generally it is a material science and engineering applicable to the biology and it is not so easy because this technology will require very collaborative research works or collaborative studies that may require the experts of the physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineerings and for the application that pharmaceuticals that may be interdisiplinary area of this bion nanotechnology.

[00:32:46]Here it is originally what microbiology is there that is that we're going to synthesize this nanop particles because micros are basically microbial source is that how the importance related to the synthesis of the active component as the enzymes protein metabolites and specific active materials and we know that very well that is this microorganism sources plant sources is the really uh uh storehouse of this enzymes, proteins, antibiotics.

[00:33:21]Yes. Or it may be have some different applications.

[00:33:26]Uh second that is pharmaceutical part that is how this particular cell we're going to use to make this formulation easily useful that formulation is maybe stable based on their specific particle size that how the specific surface chemistry as well as they have the specific release profile because activity of that particular drug molecules or their effects is deployed. is depends on this all parameters of that particular formulations and that may we're going to enhance the solubility by using this concept. Yes, microbal cells with the formulations how we going to enhance the solubility tissue targetings or it may be applicable to the gene delivery regeneration of the tissue and that may house of the antimicrobial activities as well as bioensors and that major parameters that is biosynthesis translation plant biotechnology is also used because plant is also used for synthesis of nanoparticles. We'll take some examples of this also and uh generally we know that the how the lot of methods for synthesis we'll go into that parts that is basic biosource that we can use the microbes aligy enzymes DNA proteins and that use as a specific plant extracts and then nano interfaces are there that is microbial cells not only synthesize nanop particles but simult Simultaneously you can synthesize some molecules or protein that we how to make the stable components and then it may be used for targeting or it may be used for gene transfer activity has specific applications of this nanop particles.

[00:35:23]Why this nanotechnology is most useful in the drug delivery systems? That is first we always talk about the targetings of the drugs. Yes. If drug generally if given by oral root injections but if has the infection of particular site their concentration of the drugs should be higher in that particular site and if it goes to other site they have cause adverse effects.

[00:35:50]Hence targeting is the most importance.

[00:35:52]Second that is most of drug is class two drugs that is insoluble drugs and they have the lot of problems if you going to transfer in the drug delivery systems.

[00:36:02]Hence by using this nanote technology how we going to enhance the solubility or increase the solubility that is the again another parameters or one of the most important application of this nanotechnology that is we can design the specific devices and enhance the solubility constant rate of drug delivery that is again most of this are chronic disases and that require drug to adhere for the longer times or drugs may be presented to the particular sites for longer durations and for that purpose that this drug should be slowly or constantly released from the devices and should be available more time that in the particular site and increase the drug stability.

[00:36:51]If it is talking the drug stability nowadays we are talking to the bioimilars always biotech products are higher cost products. Can you synthesize this product by the cheaper rate by using some modifications some uh alteration of some methods? Yes, we can synthesize some products. We can derive some products at cheaper rate as the bio similar products. But most important part in this such type of product is the stability and still we are not able to give insulin by any other root. You know the use and application of the insulin as anti-diabetic we have to give only injections.

[00:37:36]Yes, most of the vaccines are there in corona type also vaccination that vaccination is also injections but some other companies discord the vaccines that useful for intraasal root and that already applied or use this vaccin by the intraasal. Yes, it is possible this type of the product we can say high molecular weight products, protein type of the products, peptide type type of the products, sensitive products we can make stable forms and it may be given by specific applications and that may be more useful to the patient by designing drug delivery systems by the help of this nanotechnology.

[00:38:21]What is the next generation drug delivery system? Lot of drug delivery systems are there.

[00:38:27]Advanced drug delivery systems are there that nowadays artificial intelligence are coming. Then specific biomolecules or biop-olymers we can biodegradable polymers is also used for designing some nanociences.

[00:38:44]Some liposomes, polymeric nanop particles, dendras, metallic nanop particles are there and some smart or stimuli responsive delivery are there that is maybe internal triggers or external triggers such systems are there magnetic systems if you want to go for targeting the drug delivery systems.

[00:39:04]Even there is the microobots or biohabbrid systems are there that have some applications uh to use this next generations to treat the some chronic diseases as like cancer, diabetes. Yes, we can use such type of the nowadays everyone talking about the artificial intelligence and digital healthare systems. Uh politer is more expert in this topics. Yes, that is such systems we can make more comfortable.

[00:39:36]We can use lesser dose to the patients lesser adverse effects and easier to cure the diseases such type of the chronic diseases. Yes, we are using wide range of the cells to discover the active molecules. We going for the recombinant DNA technology. We can going for the bio similar products but still we are not able to cure some diseases.

[00:40:02]Yes that we have the limitations and still we are not proper treatments. It may be for the HIV it may for the cancer it may be for the diabetes and that's indicate that we have the more opportunity to go for such advances thing by using this nanotechnology. Is it possible to target the drugs?

[00:40:25]Lesser amount of the drugs we can target to the particular sites and we can yes distract the cell or nowadays everyone talking about the gene therapy. Is it possible to replace the cells which synthesize the insulin in the body that is that cell by the that gene defective cells we can transfer and that cell may be activated to enhance the insulin synthesis in the body. As such uh studies are going on but still we are not able to treat uh such type of the diseases that is major components or major parts that is nanop particles how you going to synthesize it is that how the specific process is that is main importance in this nano particles that is getting the right particle size generally we can talking 1 to 100 nanometers This is right particle size we can call as a nanop particles right particle size making administrable formulations that we can transport in the formulation form and that mono dispersity that is most important whatever particles synthesized with this process that have the similar size right particles are through self lives and there is two specific approaches top down approach and bottom up approach.

[00:41:56]Top down approach means larger size particles we can going to reduce by applying some pressures by milling process and that particles may be reduced by the uh dry milling weight milling. This techniques we can use and we can synthesize the specific particle size by using top down approach.

[00:42:18]Similarly, we have the bottom up approach that is it may use specific techniques as controlled precipitations, controlled crystallizations, emulsifications.

[00:42:31]Is this method we can going to use but still this method have the limitations.

[00:42:37]All these methods we require lot of chemicals to synthesize the specific size nanop particles require longer times and this safety parameters is also most important in in nanop particles.

[00:42:55]If particles convert into smaller size 200 nanome to 100 nanome to 10 nanome their effect or their activity it may be change.

[00:43:08]Yes. Hence their effect in particular size it may be studied.

[00:43:13]If this particle goes to the tissues.

[00:43:17]Yes. How much time it retain in the tissue? How it is cleared from tissues?

[00:43:23]How it is distributed inherited from the tissues their cellular and tissue functions what is their ADME profiles that is absorption distribution metabolism and elimination profile yes if particle size are difference what is their effects particle size is smaller their effects yes that properly how to stud it if that nanop particles may targeted in the specific tissues Yes. How it is cleared from that particular tissues? How it is released from the tissues? And if this particles goes to the environments, what is effects and animal, fish, plants. Yes, that also you studied. Yes. Animal, fish, plants.

[00:44:15]Yes. Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide. This component we use in the cosmetic and sunscreens. And if you go for the smaller size smaller particles and they how the effect that is destruction that may have the DNA damage. Hence such effects that is safety parameter is most important is most important and that how the study before use of this nanoscale component in the pharmaceuticals or in the human being.

[00:44:51]Then quality aspects that quality parameters yes it may have particle size size distributions. So how to study it? What is the size of that particular nanoparticle components?

[00:45:05]Size distributions, mono disposity, surface area that ultimately more surface area that ultimately rate of dissolution is higher there. Effectives may be higher. Surface chemistry is also more important. We have to study surface coatings. Yes, most of times to enhance the stability there may be use surface coating techniques. porosity of this particle, circuit charge, hydropicity, vetability, purity.

[00:45:32]Again we going to use IV roots. Then how the purity, sterility and stability is again important because they how the stability there this nano particles they may have the problem of aggregations protein absorptions and they how to study the man manufacturing and control parameters.

[00:45:54]Yes, this is the most important college aspects of any nanoiz components and you have to study it first.

[00:46:02]Yes, there is lot of techniques to use to synthesis nanop particles chemical process top down bottom up approach but we have to go another process that is biological synthesis. Why biological synthesis? Everyone every time we're talking about green chemistry.

[00:46:23]Yes. Similarly we can use the biological systems. Yes. There is no use of the any chemicals.

[00:46:31]Yes. Ever growing need to develop the environment friendly nanoparticle synthesis. There is no need of any chemicals and that synthesis of nanop particles is possible to use specific size controlled monisposity and they have the specific set.

[00:46:50]Yes, many resources are there. We're going to take some example also proves that that synthesize this nanop particle from the biological sources they have the specific compositions as well as specific size and there is no use of any toxic chemicals in the process of nanoparticle synthesis and even that problem it is associated with the stability crystal growth aggregations that also avoided that is most of the fungal spaces we're going to use for synthesis of these nano particles.

[00:47:27]That fungal spaces not only synthesize the particles but simultaneously synthesize some proteins and that protein you have to code this nanop particles to make more stable. Yes, such a uh such a capability of that cell is have to synthesize as well as to make the stability of this nanop particles.

[00:47:54]Yes, that is which microbes are used for synthesis of nanoparticles. Many researchers try to use bacteria, actinetis, fungi, yeast, wide range of the nanop particles used for this synthesis of the nanop particles. This how the examples of bacterial synthesize intracellular as well as extracellular nanop particles because if bacterial space is exposed to some metal ions expose some metallic compounds.

[00:48:26]Yes. Ultimately bacter have some reflex systems because everyone is trying for the survival.

[00:48:34]Yes. They they have the metal tolerance and these mechanisms.

[00:48:40]has transferred this component in specific size specific size. Yes.

[00:48:46]Similarly, actinomicities.

[00:48:49]Yes, we know this species very well.

[00:48:51]Actet itself is the bacteria having the some morphology as fungi and very very important group in the pharmaceutical science.

[00:49:02]This steptomy synthesis.

[00:49:05]Yes. You take the any name of the enzymes which is synthesized by the actet species proteins amino acids wide range of the components synthesize this group actis and this group able to synthesize extracellular or intracellular metal nanop particles.

[00:49:25]Fungi is another groups. Yes. Ukarotic cells and they have the specific mechanism for synthesis of these components including the yeast that is wide range of the application of these microbial groups which is used for synthesis of this nanop particles.

[00:49:46]We'll take some example.

[00:49:48]Yes. Example one one or two examples of bacteria actin myetis or it may be fungi.

[00:49:55]that is intrauded nanoparticle synthesis by bacteria that use pseudomonous spaces and that form the silver mine. Yes, that particular species is isolated at specific temperatures, pH and placed in the aqua solution of silver nitrate solutions and there may be by process of reduction of that particular vector species. By the reduction of the silver ions, it is synthesized the silver nanop particles within the periplasmic space of the bacteria that is inside the cell wall.

[00:50:35]Yes. And that specific microscopy we can observe that some of the particles present on the surface of the cell wall but most of the particles are there that present inside the cell wall and that is in the periplasmic space of the bacterium species.

[00:50:55]is that this triangular nanop particles that have the specific structure there may be synthesis of some silver surf crystals also.

[00:51:07]Yes, that is because of silver particles react with the presence of some H2S and they form specific nano particles that have the ceramic metal composites and that have the wide applications in optical and electrical properties.

[00:51:27]The such type of the nanoparticles we're going to synthesize by simple bacterial spaces.

[00:51:34]Again actet is also source of nanop particles as we just discussed that is this is one of the best group of the microbes which is used for synthesis of antibiotics and enzymes and here it is produce enzyatic reactions in the reduction of the metal and it is able to synthesize highly stable nanop particles and that species is thermomonospora species ultim This name itself indicate that extromopilic spaces that grows multiply at higher temperatures higher pH.

[00:52:13]This thermonosphorus spaces and if you're going to expose to the chloroate solutions then ph 950° centigrade and they how the reduction of gold nanop particles and here it is observed that particular species synthesize this nanop particles by extracellular in natures by extracellular in natures that is gold nanop particles then again some researchers I think you may Note uh you may know that is obser as well as sastricer from NCL has performed some experiments practically experiments and they prove that yes this biological source is one of the most important source for synthesis of nanop particles. Yes. And this filamentous bacteria not only synthesize extracellular it also synthesize intracellular nanop particles that by the gold nanop particles by using no alkalo tolerant acticities redoccus species alkalo tolerant that able to grow at higher pH are utilized higher pH for growth and multiplications. Again this is a roller cois and it is the type of the group of the actumiis and very simple procedure we can use it's not much complicated simple procedure we can design for synthesis that is the we can grow in the specific flask simple process 100 ml we can use simple media this active massive spaces require just carbon nitrogen source growth and multiplications as malttos Glucose east extract medium simple media we can use for growth and multiplications and cultures are grown and continuous sing by rotary sers 200 rpm ps 7 27° uh 7° 96 hours this is a slow growing spaces again this is a slow growing act not growing as like bacter 24 hours this is the flamus groups poor forming growth require more time to growth and multiple at least two to three days as like fungi. Hence this group is called as flamus fungi. Hence how the conditions as like fungi myel are separated by centrifugations 5,000 rpm 20 20 minute washed up by the distal water and sterile conditions and then this harvest and mach then resuspend with the chloroic acid solutions we can going to mix with the chloroic acid solution on the rotary cycle and there how the bofilm preparations And that we going to analyze it. Here it shows some of the diagram.

[00:55:17]Yes. First biomass first a diagram by observation it shows that simple micelium of that species simple mcelium of the species in the culture medium.

[00:55:29]But once you going to expose to the chloroerate solution they have completely change the color.

[00:55:35]First it is a colorless but it is change the color in the aqua solutions by the formation of this gold nanop particles not only by observations as a science student we not just by observations and we not believe easily by anyone without any experimental probes perform the e analysis spectra recorded of this bofocus first before this exposure it shows straight line there is no spectra.

[00:56:09]But second curve it may observe that after the exposure to chloroic acid solutions then you show sharp peak sha sharp spectra of that particular gold nanop particles and that confirm that nanoparticles form in the form in this solution and that easily observed by this spectra analysis.

[00:56:32]Again goes for transmission electron microscopy.

[00:56:36]Yes, that is intracellular component.

[00:56:39]First observe that externally some cell wall component they have the smaller gold nanop particles but afterwards scientists first believe that these particles are very smaller but present only on the surface of that myelium by observations.

[00:56:57]But if going to transmissions and internal structure if it is going to observe that 70 to 75% nanop particles present inside the cell wall and that is in periplasmic space of that particular cell.

[00:57:14]Yes, that indicate that that synthesis is occur that particles is designed is inside the cell wall and periplasmic space they how the specific size of the nanop particles.

[00:57:30]Yes, that is some examples of bacteria and flamamental bacteria which is used for synthesis of nanop particles.

[00:57:38]synthesis of nanop particles.

[00:57:40]Then another species fungi that is ultimately it is the ukarotic cell and this species shows some special importance in synthesis of nanop particles. Simple deal with the laboratory. We know that easily grow multiply easily identify these spaces compared to the bacteria and particularly these spaces secrete more amount of proteins and enzymes.

[00:58:11]And whatever nanop particles synthesized by the spaces synthesized by the spaces that is more stable as compared to bacterial spaces.

[00:58:25]This because of that stability or that particular proteins present in microbial cell that is the most important they use these spaces for synthesis of nanop particles.

[00:58:40]Then one of the species horicelium spaces intracellular synthesis silver nanop particles and that have the specific size 25 nanometer that may be synthesized by using this spaces a specific size by silver silver nitrate may be used and that metal ion formation of silver nanop particles they have specific mechanisms that is trapping on the surface of the cell they have The specific electrostatic interaction of the ions that is silver have the positive charge. Ultimately cell external cell that particular enzyme synthesize that have the caroxilic groups that have the negative charge and because of this specific interactions charge interactions electrostatic interactions is there may be formation of the silver nanop particles. Yes. And if it is the intracellular we know that how this intracellular components we going to extract from the cell. We can use ultrasound techniques some detergent techniques or some physical methods we're going to use to distract the cell wall and we can collect the internal component from the cell. We use different techniques for isolation of these nanop particles.

[01:00:04]Then extracellular by the fuserium oxisporium spaces that is the again one of the fungal species the synthesize extracellular gold nanop particles or cadium sulfates extracellular synthesis that is that may be based on release of some enzymes reductase enzymes and this enzyatic reactions responsible to synthesize this specific nanop particles and that nanoparticles are more stable nanop particles even it is going to expose the spaces species mycelium to the specific quantum dots that is it cds oper solutions we can cadium sulfate quantum dots we can synthesize and they have the lot of applications in different sources yes that is synthesize of extracellular nanop particles from fusarium oxporium spaces We can use wide range of the yeasts also not only filamentous fungi.

[01:01:11]Yes, that is a candidate species we can use synthesized to semiconductors.

[01:01:17]Yes, cadium sulfides, lay sulpides, some other components, other semiconductors.

[01:01:25]We can synthesize some yeast insular components and one of the new east isolated for isolated.

[01:01:34]Yes, from our agric research institute also that may be able to synthesize extracellular nanopolon nanop particles and that east given the name MKY3.

[01:01:46]is that a research laboratory of agric proves that east not only synthesize intracellular it able to synthesize extra cellular nanop particles. Yes, by using the specific east cells. Yes, that is east also one of the best source we can use for synthesis of nanop particles.

[01:02:07]Why only microbes?

[01:02:09]Why not other biological source even plants?

[01:02:14]Yes, there is lot of examples of plant extracts.

[01:02:21]It may be root, it may be leaf, it may be seed, it may be peeled.

[01:02:27]Yes, that particular extract of this plants.

[01:02:32]Yes, we can isolate it, separate it. We can use specific technique for extraction isolation.

[01:02:40]And if that particular extract expose this particular metal solutions, yes, it may be silver nitrate, chloride, chloroic acids or specific quantum dot synthesis.

[01:02:56]Yes, then that particular plant extract they have the specific enzymes and that may able to synthesize this nanop particles.

[01:03:09]Yes, we can easily prove that observe that by maybe UV absorptions, FTIR or it may be jeta potential or electron microscopy we can use to check this nanop particles without any enzymes without any sorry without any chemical components.

[01:03:30]Yes, directly we can able to synthesize this nanop particles from plant extract and there may be lot of references is there we can use this plants for synthesis of nanop particles. Yes, they how control the special size they able to capping cap capacities because some of the components some of the uh active metabolites that may be responsible to coat this particles and uh stabilizes.

[01:04:00]Yes, size morphology specific size we can use or we can synthesize this plant assisted nanoparticle synthesis.

[01:04:11]Then there is some important parameters in this process.

[01:04:17]Yes. In the plant synthesis that is the reductions.

[01:04:21]Yes. That is we use some contributors that is biological components.

[01:04:27]Polyphenols are there, flonoids are there. There may be enzymes, proteins are there.

[01:04:34]As this component by the process of reductions is convert into small metal ions to the nuclei and we can easily observe by the specific FTR or it may be color change we're going to observe that and then it may be able to synthesize specific size this control particle number specific size and shape it may be synthesized is because that particular enzymes house specific groups functional groups some pH sensitive chemistry is there that may be responsible to synthesize this nanop particles and this particles then it stabilize by using some stability agents then some proteins are there polyaccharides are there phytochemical residues are there that may responsible to alter the surface chemistry of the particles and because of that that reduce the aggregations and if aggregation is reduced that how the stable uh stable nanop particles it may be filid and then again this biological activity surface molecules that have the antimicrobial activity antioxidant activities that it may be combined with the specific drugs as anti-cancer activity or it may give some catalytic response. Yes, that how the specific steps for production of the nanop particles, enzyatic reductions, nucleations, capping to make the st stabilizations and then it may have some applications in the pharmaceuticals particle size and morphology. Yes, that is uh this is the most important parameters in the nanotechnology.

[01:06:41]How it is depends what type of the size it may be produced. What is the morphology of nano?

[01:06:48]Because finally action finally use applications depends upon the size as well as morphology of that particular nano components.

[01:07:03]Again it is depends upon type of cell.

[01:07:07]The wide range of the cell we use is from ukarotic to proarotic to plants.

[01:07:15]Which cell is used?

[01:07:17]Yes. What is their component? What is their morphology? What is their nature?

[01:07:26]That's one parameters.

[01:07:28]The second that is type of metal ions.

[01:07:34]This which ions you going to expose either silver, semiconductors, it is gold nanop particles, cadium sulfate, whatever which nanoparticle component we're going to use.

[01:07:48]Then pH of the media. What type of the pH that able to that cell it may be exposed cell that maybe grows.

[01:07:59]Yes. Then incubation times total duration it it depends upon cell to cell composition of culture media. Which type of the nutrients are used for growth and multiplication of the cell.

[01:08:11]Which type of the carbon nitrogen source we use and total biomass concentrations this cell is spore carrying non-spore carings filamentous non-pilamentous.

[01:08:26]Yes. What type of the growing castics of the cell is there? That's again one of the parameters that is biomass concentrations plays the major role.

[01:08:37]this parameters.

[01:08:39]Yes. Decide your size of the particles as well as morphology as well as morphology of the component.

[01:08:48]Yes. Then how it is going to use this nano particles?

[01:08:57]Yes.

[01:08:59]If once it is synthesized yes we are able to identify it what components are there that a lot of methods are there through identifications what size is there what composition is there what morphology is there yes based on this that nanop particles behaves in the tissues or in the cells in different way hence before that we have to study or identify these components.

[01:09:35]Yes. How this source may be differentiate able to synthesize different nanop particles which is going to isolated from the plant going to isolate it from the microbes.

[01:09:49]Purity and safety of that components is this metal is toxic. What concentration is toxic?

[01:09:58]What is their stability? What is their cytotoxicity?

[01:10:02]That how to analyze stability also their aggregations.

[01:10:08]Study the accelator stability storage contain protein absorptions.

[01:10:15]Yes. And then we are going to study the applications of that particular nanop particles in different drug delivery systems.

[01:10:27]Yes. Where it going to apply this nanop particles that is wide range of applications of the nanop particles.

[01:10:39]Yes. In different drug delivery systems it is very difficult to talk all these things difficult to go in details. Now area of the nanotechnology only but this nanoparticle synthesize from microbial cells it may have wide applications which is used as antimicrobial is used as antibiopilms and they how specific metal oxides or plant capital nanop particles we're going to use for this process. is even for biosensing and diagnostics.

[01:11:21]The simple chips are prepared that chief set it may be quoted for diagnosis and if that particular chiefs have some coding agents and it may go to the specific site it gives specific plur specific fluorosence or if it is exposed to the disease it easily shows easily identifies it easily gives the signal there presence of specific sites, presence of specific tumors. Such biosensing diagnostics it may possible by using silver nanop particles, gold nanop particles, quantum dots. Yes, environmental treatments that is again waste treatment, environmental treatments and there is the plant bio biotechnology nano carriers can cross assist the plant barriers.

[01:12:22]Yes, there may be useiliconized nanop particles meosiliconized nanop particles and there is a experimentally proves that yes yes is it possible to transfer the DNA? It is possible to transfer the drug directly in the tissue animal cells because animal cells don't have the cell wall but it is very difficult to transfer in the plants but experimentally it is true that intact plant intact leaves.

[01:12:59]Yes, if you use such meoperous functionalized silicon nanop particles that he holds changing some nanop particles by using specific techniques easily possible to transfer the genetic component. Is it possible to transfer the drugs in the intank plant cells and there may possible to develop the new plants? Such applications is there to use this nanop particles in plant cells have some applications shortly. going to discuss this stains we use that have the lot of applications to avoid the blood clottings. Yes damage of the nerves or the damage of the blood vessels but such turns it may be quoted by the gene and antibodies and it may be transport to the specific size nano coatings that may be responsible to improve the drug loading and that may be possible to release this drug to the particular sites.

[01:14:20]Yes. Or it may be possible to code the genetic materials as a DNA.

[01:14:27]Yes.

[01:14:29]To deliver the cell directly transfer the DNA to the cell. SNS small interfering RNAs which is responsible to degradation of the messenger RNA may be responsible to synthesize some toxic proteins.

[01:14:47]Yes. or such components we can code to the stains and it may be delivered in the particular sides.

[01:14:58]Yes. And they have specific localized effects. Yes. Not only used as a heart attacks to avoid the clottings but such component responsible to release the drugs as well as genetic components to the specific sites.

[01:15:20]Then exom powered neuroarmaceuticals.

[01:15:28]Exomme powers.

[01:15:31]Yes, that is small molecules.

[01:15:36]Yes, there may be we know that delivery of drug to the CNS central nervous systems.

[01:15:46]It may be Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, tumor, strokes, psychiatric disorders that is or CNS disorders, glyobblastoma that is the brain tumor and it is very difficult to treat such CNS disorder because that CNS have one barriers that we can call as blood brain been buried.

[01:16:18]Yes, that is used for the protection of the brain. But is we have the limitations to penetrate the drug to the brain for the pharmacological effects.

[01:16:33]Yes, this exosomes are natural nanocarriers.

[01:16:37]Yes, we use liposomes, artificially synthesized liposomes as polymers using the polymers.

[01:16:44]But the exoomes which are used from the natural sources this vesicles natural sources and which is used to nanocarriers that is we can able to this particular natural nanocarriers have more bio compatibility low imunogenicity stability and easily pass the blood brain barrier.

[01:17:08]Sir sir, sorry to interrupt. There's one question in the chatboard. Which method used for DNA sequencing? Can you just I think on this slide only is asking one questions.

[01:17:19]>> Dr. Dr. Professor Omesh Bansor is asking >> which method >> which method used for DNA sequencing.

[01:17:29]I don't know why what is the relevance for that but okay otherwise we'll take it at the end.

[01:17:34]>> At the end we'll take the question.

[01:17:35]Okay. At the end you can continue sir.

[01:17:38]>> Yes. Yes. Yes. All question we will take at the end. No problem sir. Yes.

[01:17:42]>> Yes sir. Thank you. Thank you.

[01:17:45]>> That is the exosomes the natural component we use as a vicle to transfer the genetic component or we can use to transfer the drugs for such type of the CNS disorders.

[01:18:01]Yes that is the neurogenetic stroke.

[01:18:03]disases.

[01:18:05]Some specific therapy that is related to chemotherapeutics, brain tumors, glyobblastoma, we can use uh such type of the vesicles that we can easily pass to the blood brain barriers and nowadays uh we use the treatment that is direct applications to nose to brain drug delivery systems that is to avoid the brain barrier. We will not go for other roots as IV roots or maybe oral roots.

[01:18:36]Yes, directly we apply nose through this trigemininal nose just direct the drug reach to the brain and they have the specific effect and that may possible by using this uh system biohybrid micro nanoobots.

[01:18:57]Yes, that maybe use active delivery for wounds.

[01:19:01]Yes, that is magnetic based nanobots for diabetic wound healings as well as microfasages.

[01:19:08]Yes, biohybrid microobots which is used for cancer therapies uh that may responsible as small nanoobots.

[01:19:19]Yes, nano tubes we can design it that and we can transfer the specific genetic components.

[01:19:26]Just combine this magnetic components and they have a able to penetrate which is high rate. Yes. High rate penetrations and they have the antioxidant actions antioxidant actions and they have the antibacterial effects also.

[01:19:46]Yes. biologic cells or that bacteria itself acts as a carriers for active tumor homings deeper penetrations.

[01:19:56]Yes. And control the release that may possible. Yes. By using this nano robots which may synthesize. Yes. By using biohybrid techniques or biohybrid process.

[01:20:11]Then structural DNA nanotechnologies that a therapeutic and human engineerings 3DS 2D structures we can enhance the drug roings and they have the specific applications uh specific functionalized DNA tetran structures that may able to synthesize small nano tubes and that nano tubes we can easily penetrate easily enters inside the cells. It may have the applications in drug delivery, vaccines, immunerings, tissue regenerations, diagnostics or it may have the bioensor applications.

[01:20:52]Then theistics and nanobio sensors that may use imagings and treatments that is identifications.

[01:21:03]Yes.

[01:21:05]uh before treatment we have to identify the specific cells it has a specific uh infections diagnosis.

[01:21:18]Yes. Before that we can easily treat if that specific infection of the particular cell by using some biomarket detections, infection disease, cancer imagings.

[01:21:32]Yes, we can use specific treatment. Yes, diagnosis signals. Yes, nanobio sensors which is used in antibodies, abdomas, enzymes, nucleic acids and we can use specific systems for identifications of disease uh before the treatments that is the nanobio sensors and theistics applications. Gene immune therapy nanoructures as a functional biological interface interfaces that is nanop fibers we can use for tissue engineering and regenerations.

[01:22:09]It may be used in the bones as some specific nanoparticle component transferred in the bone recreations that may be given in form of the gel and after specific period it may be convert into bone bone formation. This is called as tissue regenerations, bone regenerations. It may possible by using the nanop particle therapy. It may be used nanop fibers that may be used gene deliveries. Yes.

[01:22:39]And cancer also. Yes. Nowadays we know the gene therapy that may use wide range of the vectors probably we use viral vectors and we know the limitation of the viral vectors that in in form of the imunology toxicity then researchers use nonviral vectors as the liposomes other nanoarriers to transfer the genetic component or transfer the gene but still have some limitation of liposomaal systems.

[01:23:16]Yes, that is what is the rate of transfer integrations.

[01:23:20]Yes, we can use such nanoparticle component that make quoting with the gene and that able to transfer the gene in gene therapy. Yes, that how the specific applications of gene delivery systems. Yes, here example is there that is liposomes for drug delivery systems. It's also possible vesicles wide range of the drugs lipopilic hydropic drugs we can easily embedded easily loaded in the liposome systems.

[01:23:54]Yes, in the diagram itself it is given hydropic drugs, hydropic drugs, DNA genetic materials. So we can easily coated this lipoidal layer and we can able to transfer to the cell nucleus this genetic component this vicles and some cell that is some parental cell we can isolate this cell membrane natural cell membranes. Yes. And that cell membrane can fuse with some nanocarrier components and that may also easily use for drug delivery systems.

[01:24:38]Yes. Then liposomes same custom this liposomes or gene therapy for cancer treatments that is gene therapy. This liposome drug delivery vasicular drug delivery systems we can use uh for treatment of the cancers or lipid based sir nanop particles which is used for ankcoins imunopathway silencings to avoid the synthesis of some toxic proteins some konic liposome based plasma delivery that have the specific charge that we can positive charge that have the negative charge genetic component easily embedded inside it and we can easily deliver it to the specific site.

[01:25:22]Then this uh nanotech components use in the plants also plant regeneration and gene transfer.

[01:25:34]We can develop the complete new plants hybrid plants transenic plants.

[01:25:41]Yes. As I take an example of meoporous silicon nanop particles nano tubes.

[01:25:47]Yes. And they how the expression there may be quoting some not only genetic component they have quoting some chemicals also some activators also.

[01:25:58]Once enter inside the plant cell is they have uncapping the particular components and because of uncapping that internal component it genetic component it may be released and expressed in the genes. Yes that is carbon nano tubes is also used and we can able to develop wide range of the hybrid plants.

[01:26:25]is transenic plants. So we can say synthesized by using transfer of the gene by using this specific magnetic or silver or gold nanop particles and we can develop able to develop specific new plants.

[01:26:46]Yes. Then generally connection of biological synthesis to drug delivery systems. We are use this all biological component. It may be PL plants that may be able to synthesize these nanop particles.

[01:27:01]Micros which is able to synthesize nanop particles as well as semiconductors able to synthesize protein enzymes as a stabilizers.

[01:27:11]Simultaneously we use liposomes or other magnetic nanoart nanop particles and they have specific applications in the drug delivery systems as antimicrobial agents as the diagnostic as imaging as a catalyst.

[01:27:27]Yes. And there may have some coating.

[01:27:31]Yes.

[01:27:33]With some specific drugs.

[01:27:36]Yes. Anti-cancer drugs their solubility may be enhanced. We can quoting with some antibodies these nanop particles to produce the active targeting to the particular sides.

[01:27:50]Yes. To deliver the or to treat the cancer by the using the cancer gene therapy.

[01:27:59]It is may be possible to transfer the genetic component to the different active cells. Yes, that is the application part in the pharmaceutical sciences.

[01:28:12]Then what is f future of this nanotech we can say?

[01:28:19]Yes. So still some of the nanotech component in the pharmaceuticals vasicular systems we routinely use in the drug delivery systems.

[01:28:35]But such new derived nanop particles from plants and microbes is normal formulation. It may be use but it is have some applications or it is some limitations.

[01:28:56]Yes is to use with the drug delivery systems.

[01:29:01]Yes. And that how the better opportunity to go for the gene therapy if you go use the nano components that is the future.

[01:29:12]Is it possible to deliver the drug proteins and peptides other than IV root?

[01:29:19]Still it is very common root for protein and peptide IV roots not stable by the oral.

[01:29:27]It's not possible to penetrate absolves from the external transmal root or still there is not much success by mucosal root or nasal roots then this nanotech approach in future it is may useful for protein and peptide synthesis or their applications or their use in the drug delivery systems.

[01:29:56]It is personalized and individual medications.

[01:30:01]We always say now doctor generally we ask what is your symptoms or it may be doctor asked to check the your bloods and then find out what is the symptoms what is the disease and based on that it may be prescribed the medication.

[01:30:21]But in future doctor may ask you what is your genetic sequence gene sequence and based on your gene mapping or gene sequence it may possible to prescribe the medications and for that is every individuals that different medicines it may be used and they have the better opportunity in this area.

[01:30:45]Nano devices, nanobots.

[01:30:49]Yes. Is this nano device who can synthesize nano boards? If you place in the IV roots, place in the blood, it going to the particular site. It may analyze the disease. It may analyze the cells which have the disease which have the cancer which detect that particular cells.

[01:31:11]We can design this nano boards and that boards you can add some anti-coalent agents.

[01:31:19]Yes. And that it may be transferred.

[01:31:22]Yes.

[01:31:26]Yes. In the IV roots and that have the lot of applications in nano devices and nano books still have some future applications microbiology point of view.

[01:31:40]Yes. Particularly in the bacteria and active it is possible research tries some few strains is just as tried in urine methods not as per references but bacter particular in actual cell it is possible to strain improvements and we know that strain modifications is strain modification development of the new strain They how the different white another applications or which may able to synthesize specific size other nanop particles even medium modifications wide sources of use as a nutrient for growth of the cell.

[01:32:25]If you're going to change the component we have some reference one cell produce the antibiotic if we change the media composition that cell not able to produce the antibiotic.

[01:32:39]Hence media component also plays the major role for synthesis of proteins or active components and we have to modify the media component carbon and nitrogen sources that may able to synthesize different type of the nanop particle other microbial groups we have used wide range of the groups still there is a very primary research which is carried on the plants yes we can use wide range of plant sources and that nanoparticle synthesis we can right to some other metals.

[01:33:12]If there's only specific metals we use or some other solution we can use able to synthesize this nanop particles and today we know that yes how much microbes you know yes out of that yes whatever microbes you recorded studied that is only four to 5% microbes is known still we are not able to isolate separate wide range of the micro cells that may have So different applications wide application in the field and we have to look for the isolations and separation of these microbes.

[01:33:51]Yes, that is from my side. Thank you very much for uh listenings and I am very happy if you have some questions.

[01:34:00]Yes, for the audience. Yes, >> thank you. Thank you. Thank you for your very insightful very informative sessions sir as usual. So that shows reflections of your all the entire commitment uh to the profession. Thank you sir. Now uh there's a question answer and session from the audience. I think I can I can take first questions from the chart board. Uh there are two question I can see then I'll ask one by one not issue. So there's a question from Dr. Prakash Halami. Uh he's asking how bio nanote technology can help as a next generation drug delivery. What are spec such specific example in this technology has been found uh more effective >> that we take already taken many examples >> already I think you you cover that in the session. Yeah. some the nanobots or may it may use uh in gene therapies that is may used in the cancer treatments or it may be particularly in the diagnosis of disease that is also most important and we already taken some examples and it used in this next generation system >> very very good >> yeah so participant you can unmute yourself if you want to ask the questions you can unmute and you can ask I think that is the most better option I can say. Yeah. Yeah. Anyone have any questions? Please let me know.

[01:35:24]There's one question from Professor Omesh Bans. Bans. Sir, which method used for DNA sequencing? Sir, can you ask the question directly if because we did not understood exactly what is the what correlation?

[01:35:38]>> Gene sequencing general method that is PCR technology it is may be used PCR nowadays is direct gene analysis. word methods are there. We go for the PCR and then amplifications and then it may be analyzed. That same technique we use for the DNA sequencing.

[01:35:56]>> Yeah.

[01:35:57]>> Now it is easily by the PCR PCR method that is PCR technique is used.

[01:36:02]>> Yes. Great. Great. I think there are good comments responses. Very nice session. Very informative session. Good.

[01:36:08]Thank you for all the participant for giving the comments on even YouTube also a lot of comments are there. So very nice session. Excellent session.

[01:36:14]informative session. I can see a lot of comments in the YouTube also. Thank you all the participant for your positive response. Definitely. Yeah. I one questions from uh Sarika ma'am sir.

[01:36:23]Which epigenetic test are prominent for Alzheimer study?

[01:36:28]>> Uh we can't such one test we can say.

[01:36:34]Yes.

[01:36:36]Alzheimer's that wide range of test we can use for that is what stage Alzheimer's are there. uh specifically you can't say that is this particular test we can use for that particular >> correct correct >> yes I think there's a qu uh uh question even response is very informative session all very informative uh yeah yogi sir can you ask directly questions no problem you can unmute yourself you can ask you can unmute yourself >> yeah please sir uh sir just wanted to ask like uh whatever the microorganism or the especially the bacteria and fungal partication technology rather than the normal part so that again it can give us a byproduct as well as the nanop particles that ultimately the fermentation technology means what we can growing the cells only by using the media similarly here also we can grow the cells by using the media and that biomass or bio component we use for nanop particle synthesis this is part of the fermentation only. We can't we can't separate it. This fermentation process and this nanop particle synthesis is part of the fermentation only.

[01:37:52]>> Yeah. Just want yeah just wanted to ask like can we have something like a secondary metabolite as a product as well as the uh nanop particle. So that means within the same fermentation technology we can get the both the thing one is nanoparticle and second one the expected byproducts from that bacteria that is what I just wanted.

[01:38:14]>> No your purpose should be one.

[01:38:18]Yes. If you want to we want to synthesize bio molecules that cell it may be different or your purpose is to synthesize only nanop particles that cell it may be different that media components we can optimize the media component we can grow the cell we can decide the fermentation type time time based on your active component it may be primary or secondary metabolites Their criteria is different and if you going to use this cell for the nanop particle synthesis then we design the criteria as per our nanoparticle synthesis requirement. All this it is not so easy in microbiology. We know that all optimized conditions in fermentation process or this process also we just taking the example we referring this particular some articles but this completely trial and iron method. If you take the example of one bacteria which nitrogen source which carbon source is required for growth it is not so easy. We have practically we have to use different sources and from that we have to select it. Hence our target is different based on the target we have to optimize all the conditions simultaneously both we can't do this good very good nicely very good area where we can explore there's some questions from I don't know the person name but what is the role of future micro needal drug delivery in veterinary challenges is there any group research group working on this area >> um exactly I don't know which group is working But uh micro needle as human beings they have applicability in targeting.

[01:40:10]Yes. Similarly similarly that may be used in the animals also. Yes. So we have to check veterinary colleges Bombay veterary college someone working.

[01:40:21]>> Yes.

[01:40:23]Yeah. One more question from professor.

[01:40:25]Can nanochnology method used in genetic disorder already your answer? I think sir already there. Yeah. Great.

[01:40:32]>> Yes. I I can see the questions already.

[01:40:35]Sir has answered all the questions and thank you for all the you know comments, responses on YouTube as well as uh these questions already we have taken you know and sir has answered very nicely. So yeah with this maybe uh sir I'll be maybe going with my vote of thanks. If any questions are there sir is always there on your you know maybe I can share the sir email id. You can yes sir >> drop the question email id this will answer not the issue okay presentation sir some is asking presentations I don't know sir they're asking pp so yeah >> so who will give the problem >> sir will give the presentation and I'll email you on that but but use it very wisely don't misuse that presentation this is very yeah sir has made lot of efforts to prep presentation >> one question from last question is coming Dr. Pash sir and how nanopertilizer are useful sir asking question nanofertilizer >> nanoertilizers that mainly in the plants.

[01:41:30]Yes that related to I think plants that is uh proper growth and multiplication of the plants that we can use this nanopertilizers.

[01:41:42]They have the wide applications used in the plant biotechnology and we can design or specific nanoparticle fertilizers by using specific techniques and uh that may be used for plant growth formation plant integrations.

[01:42:00]Yes. That have the application in the plant biotechnologies.

[01:42:04]>> Yes sir. Thank you.

[01:42:05]>> Thank you sir. Uh so please accept our uh token of appreciation as a certificate sir from our society of microbiology as well as from chair president Dr. Rainindeshmuk sir as a token of we will be sharing this uh on your email also maybe.

[01:42:19]>> Thank you. Thank you sir. In short you have prepared the certificate also.

[01:42:22]Yeah. Yeah. And I really express my sincere thanks sir for you accepting invitation on this busy schedule and giving very insightful and very informative and brainstorming session on nanotechnology how it is really future you know one of the future technology futuristic technology. Now we are integrating with a IML certainly you are giving the right path to this young you know scientists your budding pharmacist so that definitely they will take this as a one of the node and they can use your knowledge to update their their skill and they can also come up with some publication some patent I think that's achievement from our side and your your side also thank you once again all the participant for joining and giving responses I request all the participant kindly fill the feedback form so that it will be really helpful for your future webinars we are coming with series of webinar from the sir as well as more experts like Dr. Kok sir.

[01:43:13]So I really express sincere thanks once again from microbiology society of India Dr. Arvindes Deshmuk sir as a president and as the chairman of national microbiology society pharmaceutical microbiology society I express sincere thanks to all. Thank you. Thank you.

[01:43:27]Have a good day and have a happy Sunday.

[01:43:29]Yes.

[01:43:30]>> Thank you. Thank you sir very much.

[01:43:31]Thank you. Yeah.

[01:43:32]>> So can we have one photograph please?

[01:43:33]Can you just put on the uh your camera for two minutes? We'll have one photograph just quick.

[01:43:39]I want to take photograph please. All of you just put on your camera if possible for just one second. I'll take one memories for all.

[01:43:47]Yeah, please. I'll just take it this.

[01:43:52]Great. Good. Good. I'll take it in gallery just a bit. Yeah, great. I can see the good faces over here. Great.

[01:44:00]Yeah, it is there on.

[01:44:02]Fantastic.

[01:44:06]Okay. Okay. Let me take pictures.

[01:44:13]Okay. Thank you. Thank you all of you.

[01:44:15]And you can leave the meeting now. But fill the uh this feedback form. Okay.

[01:44:18]Thank you once again. Go sir.

[01:44:20]>> And thank you sir. Thank you sir.

[01:44:22]>> Yeah you can leave it. Thank you.

[01:44:23]Bye-bye.

[01:44:24]>> Okay sir.

[01:44:25]>> Arvin sir is you are there. Dr. Arvin sir Dhmik sir.

[01:44:30]>> Yeah I think sir. Okay. No problem.

[01:44:32]Thank you. Bye. Thank you sir.