AIIMS CRE 2026 HAP :Pharmacognosy: Glycosides and Carbohydrates

[00:00:29][clears throat] So hello dear student how are you? I think hope you guys are doing well. So today we are going to discuss about some of the questions that are related to your pharmaccognosy subject and the topics that we are going to discuss about are going to be the glycoside and the carbohydrates. So please confirm me. Am I audible or not? Good afternoon. Good afternoon.

[00:01:05]Okay, good afternoon.

[00:01:09]So let's discuss about the questions that are going from the topic like glycoside and the carbohydrate. Okay.

[00:01:20]So how is your preparation going? Yes.

[00:01:27]Yes. Okay. Pause. Clear. So without going late, let's start today's session. Okay. So yes, the first question of our discussion is going to be the glycoside is a condensed product of the glycoside is mainly a condensed product of option A is the glycon or a glycon the sugar and the protein the protein or a glycon mity and the fat or a glycon mi.

[00:01:55]So the glycoside is mainly made up of what?

[00:01:59]Yes, answer this question first.

[00:02:03]This is the simplest question that is uh from the first line of your glycoside topic if you studied it either from the book or either from the GDC module. So yes the glycoside is mainly composed of the two units. The first one is going to be the glyon part and the second one is going to be the a glycon part. Okay. So yes the answer first or a is going to be correct. Okay. So yes uh the a glyonmoy is mainly identified by the prefix genine it ends with the prefix genine and the glyon moy will end with the prefix o like the glucose and etc. There are all the glyon part or the sugary part. Okay and and which of the part will mainly responsible for the therapeutic action? Which of the part is mainly responsible for the therapeutic action? So yes the a glycon part will mainly produce the therapeutic action therapeutic action is responsible for the therapeutic action and the glyon part is mainly responsible for the absorption or we can say the pharmacocinetics that is related to the given drug because absorption distribution metabolism and excretion are going to be the part of our phocinetics what the body does to the drug. So a option is going to be the correct. Yes, there is a glycoside is mainly made up of the two component. The first component is going to be the sugar and the second component is going to be the non-sugar component.

[00:03:31]The sugar component is also known by the name of glycogen moy or a glycony is the name for the non- sugar part. Over the hydraysis the glycoside will mainly give a a glycon or a glyonmoy. A glycon mo is responsible for the therapeutic efficacy and the glyon mo is mainly responsible for the absorption and the transportation or we can also say it is mainly related to the pharmacocinetics of the drug. The second question of our discussion is going to be the taste the sweet principle of the glyceriza glabra that is also known by the name of mulleti is due to glyciliza glabra is the the logical source for that particular glycer gene is a compound glyceretic acid that is obtained from that particular glyceriza glabra plant. Yes we all know it is a kind of like root and ryome. What is the color of root and ryome for the glycerra?

[00:04:26]Okay. So what compound is mainly responsible for the sweet principle or the sweet taste of this glyceriz plant?

[00:04:31]The potassium and the calcium salt of glycerinic acid, the magnesium and the calcium salt of the glyceric acid and the sodium or the potassium salt of the glyceric acid and isocuretine.

[00:04:42]What is responsible for the sweet principle of that particular glyceria glabra plant?

[00:04:49]Yes, answer first.

[00:04:56]Yes, the answer is going to be correct.

[00:04:58]The sweet principle or the sweet taste of the glyizabra or the mulleti plant is due to the presence of the calcium and the potassium salt of biscetic acid.

[00:05:08]Okay. So let's discuss about something more about this particular liquorized plant that will having the yellow color of its root and ryome okay that sometimes being used as a expectctorant as well as we know so over the hydraysis it will give the two component one is the gluc two two molecule of the gluconic acid and one molecule of the glyceric acid okay and the chemical test that is mainly given by this liquor is in the presence of 80% of sulfuric acid it will show a deep yellow color so these other information that are related to the given plant and the answer for that particular question for the sweet principle the potassium and the calcium salt of glyceric acid or glycerinic acid is mainly responsible.

[00:05:49]Okay. And another one thing to remember about this plant it is a kind of pentacyclic trarurpinoid saponin kind of glycoside. Okay. Moving towards our next question. The C glycoside is also known as dash type of glycoside. The c glycosite aloine shinigerine sana and nucleotide. What is the another name of?

[00:06:09]So they are mainly asking about the example of the C glycoy.

[00:06:17]Okay.

[00:06:22]So yes answer this question.

[00:06:25]I'm just giving you 10 seconds in order to solve these kind of question because these kind of question are very easy.

[00:06:30]Okay. So yes whenever we are talking about the C type of glycoside means they will having a C linkage in between the glyon and the glycon mot. And the example for these are going to be viatric ac is mainly stand for the uh that is mainly C. So C uh A is mainly stand for the aloe vera and C is for the cocon that is a kind of insect not a plant.

[00:06:55]Okay that is a kind of insect not a plant and another plant that is going to be the that is going to be the cascara.

[00:07:01]So aloy and cascara or the coconale that is the kind of insect through which from which coconale insect we are isolate the particular kind of dye which d is isolated from this coconale insect. Yes and the biological source of this is kokus catchi is the biological source for this particular cocon.

[00:07:22]So yes they are mainly asking about the aloe vera that is the aloine. We can also say that it is a aloine. So a is going to be the correct answer. Okay.

[00:07:28]Okay. So there are different kind of glycoid like C glycoside that will having the C linkage. O glycosside, S glycoside and N glycoside. So N is mainly stand for the nucleioide. So yes you can remember that N glycoside is a nucleioide. Okay. So yes S glycoside again S is starting from the sinigerine and is the main component of that particular black mustard and O glycoside. O glycoside we are remember with a trick O glycoside O R S.

[00:07:54]R is stand for the rhubarb and S is mainly stand for the senna and C glycoide as we remember by a trick. AC A is mainly stand for aloe vera. C is for the cascara and the cocon from which the carbonic acid is being obtained. Moving towards our next question. Which of the following is a brilliant red dye obtained from the insect? This is the same question we have already discussed.

[00:08:12]So yes, just take two to three second in order to solve these kind of questions.

[00:08:15]Option A is going to be the cocon, option D is the karajamin. Option C is ochre or option D is going to be the indigo. So they are asking about the red color of dye. Indigo is always blue in color.

[00:08:28]Okay. And we also know yes answer this question fast. I'm not going to answer these kind of simple questions.

[00:08:39]What is going to yes the coconale is a kind of insect from which the given the given color that is mainly the carbonic acid is being obtained. And which kind of glycoside it is? It is a kind of C type glycosside.

[00:08:56]C type of glycoside. Okay. So yes, moving towards our next question or before it we are mainly taking the explanation. This is mainly the coconale obtained that the another name that is being used for the coconale is the red scale insect and obtained from the biological source as we discussed that is a koka ketchi belonging to the family co and will mainly give the brilliant red color. Okay, moving towards our next question. The senna and the ditalis will mainly contain what the sana what the digitalis contain alkyoid, the glycoside, the tannins or the raisin.

[00:09:26]What they contain?

[00:09:30]What they contain?

[00:09:33]The sana and the digitalis.

[00:09:39]So si is mainly known for its carbinative action and digitalis is mainly known for its cardiac action.

[00:09:52]Yes.

[00:09:55]So the digitalis will mainly belong to the family of cardiac glycoside and the senna will mainly belong to the family of entrain.

[00:10:05]Anthraqinon glycoside.

[00:10:10]So they are mainly what they are mainly the glycoside. Yes, this is also one of the easy question that can ever exist from that particular topic. So this is the mainly classification that is going to be very very important and multiple time the question is being asked from that particular classification. Okay.

[00:10:24]The first one is going to be the anthroen glycoside that will mainly having the plant like senna, aloe vera, cascara and rhubarb in it. The cardiac glycoside as you all know that mainly contain the digitalis. Okay, answer me a question that who discovered digitalis.

[00:10:38]Which scientist discovered digitalis?

[00:10:42]Yes, answer this question first. Okay, then we come towards the seonin glycoside that is of two kind that will be the tetracyclic titarpenoid or the pentacyclic titenoid. The tetracyclic titanoid is going to be the dicoria deltoidia that is the biological source for the dcoria and the other plant is going to be the satavi in that particular case. Okay. So you have to just remember this classification for the glycoside. So yes answer this question who discovered the glycoside who discovered the digital glycoside that is going to be a cardiac glycoside.

[00:11:17]I'm not asking about the family. I am not asking about the family of digitalis. I know digitalis will belong to the family sculery. Okay. If you are ask if you are answering that scopulary family. So tell me the plant another plant name that also belong to the family scopulari. Okay. Who which scientist discovered the digitalis? The name of that particular scientist is William.

[00:11:46]William is the scientist who discover digitalis. Okay. Yes. So if you want to answer these kind of questions try to attempt more and more test okay and try to go through certain reference book particularly in that case of pharmacosy the ckart is going to be the standard or the reference book. So yes, if you do that then you can only find these kind of small questions or the things that may be asked in the exam because the paper maker will mainly set your paper from that particular reference book. So yes coming towards our next question. Which one of the following constituent is reported to have anti-hypatotoxic activity? The podophilytoxin then lenol the endographis and sephronol.

[00:12:39]Andrographalis is mainly obtained from the andrographalis paniculata that is going to be the biological source for that particular and anthroraphalis plant. Okay.

[00:12:51]And D lenol is obtained from which plant? Yes.

[00:12:58]Answer this question first.

[00:13:00]Which plant will mainly contain? I have just just tell you about that is a extra form of D lenadul that is obtained from which plant that is belong to the volatile oil category. The D lalul is mainly obtained from the plant that is the coriander lead alude is mainly the main component of the coriander plant.

[00:13:17]Okay. Andrograph is for the andrographis paniculata is going to be the biological source for this andrographoids.

[00:13:24]Okay.

[00:13:26]Multiple time the question is being asked especially in the in Niper they have asked this question many times and this andographis paniculata is also known by the name of kalme.

[00:13:38]So yes is the only plant that will mainly having the anti-hippattoxic property or the hippatrotectant property. The another plant that will having the hippatrotecting property is going to be the what?

[00:13:51]Milk thistle.

[00:13:54]Milk thistle plant that is going to be the one of the important plant that is being known for its hypoto protective activity. Milk thistle that is also known by the name of our lady thistle. Okay. So yes coming towards our next question. This is the definition we have already discussed about the biological source of it is going to be the andrographis paniculata that is also by the known by the name of kalme that will mainly contain the endrophoids that are the chemical constituent and will belong to the family ath. So these are the important point that you have to remember. Okay.

[00:14:27]So this is mainly the how you can enroll for our pre-batches where we are conducting the AMS pharmacist exam on the daily basis. Okay. So you have to just go through the app and enroll in that particular course by entering the code pharmacy. Okay. In pharmacological grouping of the natural drug all the drug which give the same strength and energy to the activity of heart. So they are mainly asking about the heart. So A is the cardotonic, antiseptic, laxative or carminative.

[00:14:56]So what are going to be these drugs?

[00:14:59]This is also one of the easiest questions that can ever exist. So answer this question without taking much time.

[00:15:10]Yes, KMIC is also known for its betatonic action. What is going to be the answer for that particular question? Yes, they are asking about if they are asking about the heart then they are asking about the cardonic that will mainly increase the efficacy of heart or efficiency of heart that can be used in the case of what in the case of different kind of heart disease either they can be the myioardial infection okay angina angina it can be hypertension in some cases and know and uh arythmias arythmia peroximismal supra ventricular tracheardia arterial flutter or arterial fibrillation.

[00:15:58]So these are the different kind of diseases that are associated with the heart itself. So yes they are asking about the cardioonics or the digitalis like glycoside that are known by the name of cardiac glycoside because they having a good action over the heart.

[00:16:13]Okay coming towards our next question.

[00:16:14]This is mainly the arjuna and the digitalis. Coming towards our next question, which of the following is mainly used as an diuretic? So these are mainly asking about the diuretics. When we are going to use diuretic uretics in the case of hypertension, we can use diuretics.

[00:16:30]Which kind of diuretics we are going to use? Mainly the primary glycosytes. The primary diuretics that we are used in order to decrease that particular that particular hypertension is going to be what? The loop diuretics.

[00:16:48]But we can also use here the thiozy diuretics.

[00:16:53]And the third kind of glycoside we can use in the hypertension are going to be the eldoststerone antagonist.

[00:17:00]But primary choice is always be the loop diuretics that are going to be the furicomide and the bumetanite.

[00:17:06]Yes. So yes from each and every question I want to you know let you know guys not about from the pharmacology point of view but I also want to convey you the information that is related to the other subject. Okay.

[00:17:23]So yes, which of the following uh which of the following plant will mainly having the diuretic activity? The ginian, the mustard, the jingo, boiloba and the gokuru.

[00:17:37]Yes, answer this question.

[00:17:52]So yes this question the answer for that particular question is going to be D option that is the go okay so let's see about something about Goku that is mainly this that is mainly known for its anti-inflammatory action anti-arithmic action dioretic action and is also aphrodisiac in nature okay that is mainly having the sex promotion capabilities okay alcohol is afro also an aphrodisiac in nature whenever the alhco is taken in a little amount. Yes.

[00:18:20]The zingo that is mainly obtained from the zingo boila that will known for its anti-estmatic and the broncoilator action. The mustard is being used for the local irritant and in sometimes when the poisoning is there then we use mustard in order to produce the emiss. Then come towards the ginsen.

[00:18:41]What is ginshen? So ginshen is a plant and the root of this ginshen will having a characteristic that is mainly known for its that is anthroponorphic characteristic. Anthroponorphic characteristics that is means the root of that particular gingian plant having its shape similar to that of like a human. Okay. Coming towards our next question and example of the saponin glycosides that is going to be the glycerine digitalis senna. This is a very easy question. The entrain and glycoide. Enthrain glycoside. Yeah.

[00:19:16]Digitalis is what? Cardiac glycoside.

[00:19:20]Glycerene. Glyceretic acid.

[00:19:22]Glyceridizabra licorice or mulati is the saponin glycoside. Yes. Tell me other plant that belong to the same category of saponin glycoside. Yes. Write down in the comment.

[00:19:35]Other plant. Okay.

[00:19:43]So yes what a is going to be the correct answer. Which test is performed for the confirmation of the steroidal moity?

[00:19:51]Liberman test, antimony triest. Okay.

[00:19:54]Zenthine hydrol test or keerani test.

[00:19:58]Yes.

[00:20:24]Yes, you guys are doing great. Okay.

[00:20:29]So Liberman butcher test is a kind of test that is being utilized in order to in order to identify that steroidal moy. Okay. Also tell me about the drugs or the plant from which this steroid is being obtained or isolated. Name this plant.

[00:20:48]You have to name just one or two plant.

[00:20:50]Okay. So let's discuss about the liver man butcher test. When I here a chloroform solution of the steroid is being treated with the acetic andhydride or acidic and hydride. This is and the concentrated sulfuric acid that is giving the green color. So in the presence of acetic and hydride and the concentrated sulfuric acid whenever a solution is giving a green color then it will mainly confirm the presence of what the presence of steroid in it. Okay. But whenever we have to treat it with the concentrated H2S04 itself that if it is giving a red color then it will also confirm the presence of steroid and that test is known by the name of Salonaskki test. So there are only two tests that are being used to confirm the steroid. The first is going to be the liverman butcher test that will mainly give the green color here and the solonaski test is mainly giving the red color. Okay moving towards our next question. The following glycosytes are betonic. What are going to be the bitter tonic? So, wild cherry bark that is also known by the name of what?

[00:21:53]Virgin Purani bark, picoriza, dicora that is obtained from the dicoria deltoidia also known by the name of yam plant and licorice. Licorize is the kind of sapon glycoside. So yes answer this question first.

[00:22:07]What are going to be the betatonic? The other plant that belonging to the betatonic is mainly the genian.

[00:22:14]Yes. Kutki chirata.

[00:22:19]Kki chirata and quisia are the plant. Okay.

[00:22:30]So yes picro risa that is also known by the name of putki itself are going to be the plant belonging to the bitatonic category. Okay. So these are the plant that is mainly belonging to the bitter category. Betatonic category that is the genian, ficoriza, cherata and quaisia are mainly the black mustard. Yes. Okay.

[00:22:50]The drug that is used as anector, aloe vera, gokuru, ginshin or licorice.

[00:22:59]In one of our previous explanation, I have just talked about what plant is going to be act as an expectant. Let's answer this question first.

[00:23:19]Come on. Come on. Answer this question fast.

[00:23:23]Yes. Yes. This is going to the easy question. Okay. Yes. The liquor is going to be theector is being used as an expectctorant. You have you know study about this liquor plant. Whenever you are study about like mucus secretion enhancers or mucolytic agents when in the collology topic. Okay. So the expectctorant are going to be what the licorice and the wild cherry bar that is also known by the name of vijraaniad.

[00:23:50]Following are the identification test for the glycosides. So they are asking about the identification test for the glycoid. It is going to the ramen test the chloroform test the muroxide test and the dragon test. What is it going to be?

[00:24:04]Identification test for the glycosytes.

[00:24:14]Just focus uh on your preparation.

[00:24:17]Whoever asking about exam date for AMC whenever the exam came the only thing that you have to do is with your preparation to make sure that each and every topic that are coming into your exam is completed by you. Okay. Try to attemp more and more questions from the test.

[00:24:41]Whenever the data are out you let for each and every channel especially the GDC channel will let you know about the exam dates. Okay. So what is going to the correct option of it? Yes. The glycoside will mainly give the raymon test. Can you tell me about what color the raymon test is going to be give or what changes the raymon test is going to be give and also tell me about the other test that has been done for identification of that particular glyosytes.

[00:25:11]Okay. So yes there are different kind of test that has to be done for the glycoside for the anthrachun and glycoside we have to done the broen brontagus and the modified brontagus.

[00:25:22]The second in glycoside we have to do the hemolytic test or the form test. For the steroidal either we are doing the liberman butcher. Second is the saloni test. Third we can do the antimony trioloride and zemerman test is also going to be done. for the steroid and tidy. Okay, for the cardic glycoside we have done the kellani the legals the bela belj test and the ramen test for the cowarine facicial3 test and the fluorosin test has to be done. Okay and for the flavonoid glycoside the cenoda test that is going to be important and the validine hydrochloride test is going to be done. Coming towards our next question. Which of the following test is used for the detection of glycoides?

[00:25:59]The Benedict test, the Bronteus test, the Hagar's test and the likely glucose tolerance test. So what is the reagent?

[00:26:09]Reagent for the Hagers test. Tell me the reagent for the Hagers test.

[00:26:18]Okay.

[00:26:21]Answer this question first. In the previous question, we have discussed the same kind or the test that are related to the glycoside. What is going to be the test for that particular glycoside? Yes, answer this question first. Yes, you know the brontagus reagent of the modified bronigus test are mainly the test that are being used for the identification of the anthraine and glycoside. And what is going to be the reagent for that particular heus test?

[00:26:47]The pic acid is the reagent pic acid.

[00:26:50]pic acids. Yes.

[00:26:54]Uh that will mainly give the yellow color. Okay. So these are different kind of test.

[00:26:59]So the Benedict test is mainly for the reducing sugars. The Hegel's test is for the alkaloids and the glucose tolerance test is mainly whether the patient can use or store glucose normally or not.

[00:27:11]The source of Alexandrian sennena is casia gloriculata angestifolia oata and acute fogia.

[00:27:21]So there are two kind of saf either they can be the Indian senna Indian senna and European senna. So they are mainly asking about the name of the biological source of these al these two senna. Okay.

[00:27:43]And also tell me the difference in properties of these species like the Indian senna will have more hairs as compared to that of the European senna. So yes the European sana having the biological source are also known by the name of isolated from theia acutifolia and for the Indian senna it is being isolated from the casia angastifia. So Casia Angustifolia is going to be this is the answer for the Indian Senna and European Senna is going to be what the Casia Acutia. Okay. So they are asking about the Alexandrian Sennas. Alexander is a kind Alexander one of the one of the you know previous invaders in the history. Alexander it mainly come from the foreign country and the other countries we can remember it with that from the Europe. the Alexander has come. So they are whenever they asking about the Alexander Senna, they are asking about the European Senna and the biological source for that particular European senna is going to be what the caseia acutia. Okay, moving towards our next question. Yeah, the kura alloy the kurak allo is obtained from alloy sepikata alloy 4x alloy py and alloy barba denessis. So from which the urati alloy is being obtained.

[00:29:20][snorts] Okay. So yes the uraka allow being obtained from quesa alloy barba denesses. Let's discuss about different other alloys like alloy barba denessesis is obtained from the kuraka alloy alloy 4x or alloy sepiata is the cape alloy.

[00:29:37]Alo py is the scrotrine alloy. Okay.

[00:29:40]Aloe vera is the Indian kind of alloy and there is also the zenza alloy that will origin origin is not clearly mentioned but is a kind of scrotine alloy. Zenzar alloy is also example of scrotine alloy. Family of the alo is the le maiden hair tree. The synonym for the maiden hair tree is what? The jingo the simarine the buckwat tree and the sorella. Yes.

[00:30:03]What is going to be what is going to be the synonym for the maiden hair tree maiden hair tree or another name of that particular tree is going to be the U tree and U K E U Q tree U tree. Okay. So yes, the plant name is mainly the zingo zingo. So yes this is the maiden hair tree and the new tree that is obtained from the zingo biloba is going to be the biological source of it from which we are mainly obtained the jingolids that are going to be the jingolid a b c and j not d. Okay coming towards our next question in the aloe vera the mucilage containing parenyatus are present in epidermis vascular bundle central parenimeus region and the parisycle.

[00:30:52]Okay. Okay.

[00:30:54]Aloe vera juice is obtained from where?

[00:30:56]which part of the aloe vera will mainly give the aloe vera juice. So whenever we want to drink juice, we are going on a cycle. So as the aloe vera juice is mainly obtained from the periscycle part of that particular aloe vera plant.

[00:31:08]Okay.

[00:31:11]But they are asking about the mucilagenous cell. So yes the mucilagenous cell is mainly present in where? The mucilagenous cell are mainly present into the central paranky region of that particular aora plant. Okay.

[00:31:23]Okay. So this is mainly the mucilogenous cell is located into the the parycle will mainly contain aloe vera aloe vera juice is obtained from the parisycle fibers and the mucilogenous cell is mainly contained into the parenma.

[00:31:35]Coming towards our next question the cinearine is an isosothioinate kind of glycoside that is being obtained from white mustard rap seed black mustard any seed. Answer this question first. I can say that shinigerine is mainly mainly which kind of glycoside the sinigerine is is a kind of s glycoside.

[00:31:55]Yes s glycoside the sinerine is an only example of s glycoside that is being obtained from which plant that is been obtained from that is being obtained from is obtained from the black mustard.

[00:32:14]Okay, black mustard that is the isothiocyinate kind of glycoside cineigarine. Okay, so let's discuss that is obtained from having the biological s that is the brasica negra will have in its family crucifery and senigarine is also known by the name of rotatium myonate. This is going to be the important that is also responsible for the pungency of that particular black mustard. Okay. So shinagarine is also known by the name of or having the chemical constitutant that is a potassium ironate. The modified bronze stat has been positive force the senna the aloe vera the vinaid or none of the above. Answer this question first.

[00:32:53]Modified Bronteus test we have discussed that modified Bronteus test is also done for the anthra and glycosytes enough.

[00:33:04][sighs and gasps] Yes, option B is going to be the correct answer. The aloe vera is the plant that will mainly susceptible or will mainly give the brontagus test. Can you tell me the reagent of the bronagus test?

[00:33:29]Yeah. The C type of antagon glycoside.

[00:33:31]We have to just mix 1 g of the drug, 5 ml of HCl in the 5 ml of feric chloride and boil it for 10 minutes. Then mix it with the carbon tetrachloride or the benzene. [clears throat] There will be formation of the pink to the red color that will mainly indicate the presence of entrogen glycoside. Coming towards our next question. The Ker Scalani test is the identification test of what?

[00:33:52]Kaylor scalani is being done for the digitalist for the s for the mat for the reform.

[00:33:58]What is going to be the correct answer?

[00:34:06]Gas test is mainly done for what? What kind of glycoytes? Whenever anyone are not taking the cardiac glycosite side then the cardiac disease can kill him kill him. Okay. So we are asking about the cardiac glycosite and what is the cardiac glycoside? What plant from the all option belonging to the family of cardiac glycoside? The only plant here is the digitalis.

[00:34:29]Digitalis is the only plant. So yes the cardiac glycoside kellas colon test has been given by the digit sugar. That is the kind of reddish brown color that is being given. Okay, coming towards our next question. The synonym for the Indian school is the yam plant, the licorice root, the sea onion or the aropism. Yam plant is not licorice root is mentioning the licorice plant in it. The sea onion. No. What is the synonym for that particular plant?

[00:34:58]One option only one option is remaining.

[00:35:02]Okay. No no no no.

[00:35:06]This is not the arrow poison.

[00:35:08]Name the plant that is named for the arrow poison. We can say red squill as the rat poison. So these are the kind of question that will mainly sometimes make confusion. Red squ is known by the name of rat poison.

[00:35:24]Yes. Name the plant that is also known by the name of arrow poison or the another synonym that is being used for that particular plant is the north america. North America.

[00:35:38]North American arrowroot poison.

[00:35:43]Yes.

[00:35:46]Answer this question.

[00:35:54]Yes. The C onion is a synonym for the Indian squill and the plant that is on by the name of North American arrow root poison is the kur plant. Okay. Yeah.

[00:36:05]The prominent neutrautical use for the allergy relief is flax seed, mamodica, green tea and jingo which is being used in order to treat what? Allergies.

[00:36:27]Tell me the answer. Which of the following neutrautical plant is used to treat the allergy not the green tea?

[00:36:33]This answer is not correct. No. How can green tea treat the allergy? Okay.

[00:36:42]Mimosa. No. Flax seed. No. Jingo. Jingo is mainly used to treat the allergy in some cases. Okay. The allergic treatment is mainly done by the jingo. Boa.

[00:36:53]Yeah. Garlic disease can be treated with the use of garlic. Cardiac disease. The cholesterol lowering is also done by the garlic and gingen is also acting as an imunom modulator. Okay.

[00:37:10]Uh pole chasing pchin is used for maximumly in the you know bi biotechnological field is used for what purpose? Colchesin answer this question. Colchesin is being used for what purpose? In the biological industry or in the biotechnological industry? It is mainly known or used for the action of its polyloy inducer.

[00:37:40]Polyoloid inducer.

[00:37:43]Yeah. Coming towards our next question that is going to be the 24th question of our discussion. The bitter glycoside is present in the ginen that is going to be the name of cheratin gensen or ginsopicine. What or both A and B? What is going to be the correct option?

[00:38:21]>> [clears throat] >> Okay. So, gingio piccine as the picoriza is also a kind of bitter glycoside. So, we can remember that any drug that is ending with the name of picrine is mainly responsible for the bitter glycoidic action as particularly for in the case of ginian. Okay. So ginopicrine is going to be the answer that is responsible for the bitter taste of that particular ginian plant. So a is going to be the correct option. Okay. So ginopicine is the answer for that particular question.

[00:38:58]Cardiac glycosidealis is also known popularly by the name of fox glove maze colchum and isab.

[00:39:15]No if two questions okay if uh you know two answer are similar to each other then we have to just take a option that is more correct.

[00:39:26]we have to just take a option or choose the option that is going to be the more corrected that particular case. So yes everyone know the cardiac glycoside is going to be the one of the important plant of that particular digitary or the cardiac glycoside class from mainly discovered by the scientist William and is also known by the name of fox glow plant belonging to the family stroi.

[00:39:47]Yeah so these kind of questions are the normal question or the common questions that each and everyone can answer.

[00:39:54]Stropenthus greatest. Stropenthus greatest. Okay. Stopenthus G we can also say is the biological source of is the biological source of they are asking about the stropenas greatest is the biological source of cascara oane senna or red squeal. Yes. Answer this question.

[00:40:19]Are you enjoying the class or not?

[00:40:22]Are you enjoying the class or not? The way I am discussing the question or conveying you the information that is only not related to your pharmaccognosy topic but are also related but are also related to the other topics. Are you enjoying or not? Let me know in the comment section.

[00:40:39]If I want to end the class as soon as possible I can discuss I can read the question simply then read four options okay and then say no this is not correct that is not correct and this is going to the correct answer but I'm not following that particular trend so are you enjoying that particular session are you able to getting more information from that a single question are you getting more information or the other point that I am asking for from a single question discussion yeah Okay, the stropanth great is obtained from the which plantain plant.

[00:41:12]Okay, B is going to be the correct answer of it. So yes, the cascara is also known by the name of ramnus persiana and the rami family that is also known by the name of scared bark.

[00:41:21]Scared bark that is also the scared bark or the you know we can say the pure bark. Okay. The Ram G the character of Ram is also pure. We can say the obain is mainly obtained from the stopens greatest the Senna either obtained from the casia and the angestia and the red school is mainly obtained from the arginia maritime. Arginia meerma and the red school is red is also known by the name of what? By the name of is also known by the name of rat poison.

[00:41:56]Yeah.

[00:41:58]Okay. Amagdalene is constitute of the prunus amagdalis. When treated with the enzyme it will give the hydrogenic acid, benzaldihide with the glucose mo, the hydroenic acid with the benzaldihide, the hydrogenic acid with the acetalihide or none of the above. They are mainly asking about what the prunas amdalas is the biological source of what? Beta raand.

[00:42:22]Metarment.

[00:42:28]No, no, no. We are going to discuss 50 questions. Okay. So, stay tuned and answer try to answer these question as fast as possible. Okay? Because the only thing that matters in the exam is your accuracy that how accurately you are answering the question in a lesser amount of time with 100 100% of your accuracy. Okay.

[00:42:51]Yeah. So after the hydraysis of that amigdalene we are mainly obtain the hydrogenic acid with that of the benzaldihide. Okay.

[00:43:02]Okay. The enzyme that will mainly doing that particular thing or there is a color change from yellow to the brick red color will be changed. Okay. So which family that particular beta belongs to that are mainly belong to the shyogenic glycoides category. Okay. The biological name mulleti is obtained is used for what glyceridizer authenticate glycerizota glyceriz and glycerizes.

[00:43:25]So the mulleti as we have already discussed multiple times the mulleti delicorize that will having its color yellow to the pale yellow color of its root and ryome. Yes.

[00:43:39]So okay. Okay. In the mulleti plant, tell me the difference in the characteristic of root and ryome specifically. Tell me which one of them will mainly contain the tetra xylem.

[00:44:00]Tell me the answer.

[00:44:04]So yes, glyceride is going to be the answer for that particular question.

[00:44:07]This is a easy question. So what will mainly contain the tetraylm either the root or the ryome without looking at your book answer this question first or if you don't know that particular answer yes moving towards our next question the perpeture glycoside a on the enzyatic hydrayises we mainly give one molecule of dytoxin with one molecule of rainos one molecule of dytoxin with one molecule of glucose One molecule of digittoxin with one molecule of digits.

[00:44:41]One molecule of digittoxin with three molecule of digits. But they are asking about the perp glycoside.

[00:45:05]So they will mainly give the one molecule of digit toxin with one molecule of glucose. This digit toxin can further bifurcate it into two component that is going to be the what?

[00:45:15]Digtoxygenine. One molecule of digi toxygenine plus three molecule of what? Three molecule of what kind of sugar? That will be the digtox sugar. Dtoxos sugar. Okay. that in combination will mainly form the digittoxin with the one molecule of glucose. So B is going to be the correct answer. Yes, the perpety will mainly give one dtoxin with one glucose. The dtoxin further hydrayze into the digittoxygenine and three digitto sugar. Okay. But whenever they are asking about the proper glycoide B they are asking aboutine and three molecule of digits with one molecule of glucose. Okay. The scorin test or the reaction for the aloe or the aloe vera is also known as the nitric acid test, the nitrous acid test, the bromine test and the borax test. What is the another name of that particular scotent reaction?

[00:46:16]So there are only two kind of test that is being done for the aloe vera. Either it can be the scores test. One is going to be the that is also known by the name of borax test.

[00:46:27]Borax test and the another test that is done for the aloe vera is mainly the bromine test.

[00:46:36]They are asking about the synonym of sport in test is going to the borax test. What is the formula for the borax?

[00:46:41]What is the formula for the borax?

[00:46:45]Alpha alpha.

[00:46:47]What is the formula for the xax? Alpha alpha alpha alpha Let's discuss the another question of our series that alpha alpha will belong to which of the following families ath family. No, a canth family, convul family, legume family, lily ac family.

[00:47:07]Yes.

[00:47:09]Not just tell me the plant or the family to which the alpha alpha belong. also tell me the famous plant other famous plant that will belong to the other family as well. So the lilia will mainly contain lilac is the family for the licorice.

[00:47:24]Yes. And uh it is also the family of for Yes. Okay. Legumini. No no no no no li is not this legumin is the family for the licorice. like glumini, licorice, convul kvulles is going to be the family of a plant and alpha alpha will also belong to that particular family that is the legume in the family for the leguminous plant that other plant that will having a nitrogen fixation capacity or capability. Okay, coming towards our next question. The is goal will belong to the family isup goal. go is mainly the bulk forming laxative.

[00:48:10]Bulk forming laxative luxative is belonging to the family epocanthia plant AC solen AC and goal AC from which family the particular is goal is belongs to answer this question first. This it is having its family same as that is for the for the Santa for the Santa.

[00:48:33]Okay.

[00:48:42]Isabol will mainly belong to the family solen or not.

[00:48:47]Soleni solen or not? Solen. No. No.

[00:48:54]Pab go is also known by the name of Indian celium. Indians celium.

[00:49:08]Okay, I'm just trying to check your mind. The stand up belong to the family. This is not going to the answer. Okay, I'm just checking your you know common sense and how you are relying on me, how much you are relying on me or how much you are relying on your concepts. Okay.

[00:49:28]Sometime examiner is also trying to convey you a question in a way that you should incorrect choose the incorrect option for that particular question. Is gold will mainly belong to the family plant in AC is also known by the synonym of Indian celium. Okay. So B is going to be the correct option of it. Everyone answering CC C. The Indians celium and the sub goal is mainly obtained from the biological source that is the plant and having the family as the biological source name that is the plantagnaci family. Okay. Which of the following gums is obtained from the endosperm endosperm which is the gum that is obtained from the guar gum acia traogant and sturia gum which is the following gum is going to be isolated from that is going to the one of the famous gums.

[00:50:14]Yes.

[00:50:16]Aisha, what is going to be the answer?

[00:50:18]What is going to be the answer? Yes.

[00:50:20]Answer this question fast.

[00:50:32]That is obtained from the endosperm.

[00:50:35]Yes, that will be going to be the guar gum is obtained from the endosperm of that particular plant. Okay. So guar gum having its biological source. Impogan tetraonolobus is the biological source for this gu. Okay. Aacia arabic the biological source for the acacia gum and the triagant anthraalas gummy fur. So you have to just remember that gummy fur triagant gum is mainly obtained from the gummy fur. Another question which one of the following does not give the pink color is with the ruminium red aar guar gum pactin and isabol. What is not going to be gave the pink color in the Romanian red there are only two gums there are only two gums one is mainly the guar gum and the another is mainly the acacia that will not going to give any color in the presence of rummanium red so gam is going to be the answer okay so yes The guar gum and the aesa are not going to give any color in the presence of ruinium red but triacanth stulrium agar and the gold new cage will going to give the red color. The peroxide enzyme present in aacia identified by peroxide enzyme identified by brontagish oxidation extraction of benzene and oxidation treatment with benzene.

[00:52:04]The peroxide enzyme is being identification of peroxide enzyme or the presence of peroxide enzyme is mainly checked by.

[00:52:26]So whenever they are asking about the peroxide we know this is mainly the peroxide linkage oxygen connected to oxygen with a single bond either they are talking about the oxidation or the reduction the peroxide is mainly responsible for the oxidation whether we are talking about the hydrogen peroxide itself.

[00:52:42]So yes the oxidation and treatment with the benzidine is mainly a confirmatory test for the presence of peroxide. Okay.

[00:52:50]So is also known by the name of benzene that will mainly give the blue color in the presence of oxidized enzyme.

[00:52:57]Okay. Coming towards our next question.

[00:52:59]The gummy nature of estragalas gummyifer. We have just discussed about the gummyifur. Gummy fur is mainly the biological source for what? For what?

[00:53:08]Trigacanth is depend upon the more mythoxy group in the basorine, the carbohydrate content, the hydroxil group in the sugar moy and the protein content in the drug. The gummy nature of that particular sparagus gamifer that is the biological source for the traanth and is being used for the isolation of the triagan. The gum is mainly depend upon the yes is more the mythoxy group more will be the gummy nature of that particular asparagus gummyifer or the traum isolated from it. Okay. Agar is used in confectionary items as a jelling agent.

[00:53:51]Identify the constituent which is responsible for it. Agaros, agoropactin, algene or sodium algenate. What is responsible for its jelling property in the agar?

[00:54:04]The jelling property of agar is due to the presence of is due to the presence of a arrow. Yes, A is going to be the correct answer. Okay. So yes, the agro is responsible for the jelling strength and agropactin is mainly responsible for the viscosity is goal and a cooler gum is prescribed in a treatment of constipation. They are acting as a bulkative stimulant laxative stool softener or all of the above in one of our previous discussion we have discussed or I have mentioned that the is gold is also the Indian celium is used for the treatment of water.

[00:54:45]is used as what is used as bulk forming laxative for the treatment of constipation. Moving towards our next question. This is mainly the isol and the gulagum. The poly poly galacturonic acid is otherwise known by the name of polygalacturonic acid. Calamine, choline, ventonite, pactine, poly galacturonic acid is also known by the name of polygalacturonic acid is also known by the name of not the calamine lotion here.

[00:55:26]Yes, pectin is going to be the correct answer. pectin is also known by the name of polygalacturonic acid D is going to be the correct option. Okay. So poly D and L form dextron level form for that particular polygalacturonic acid is present. Yeah. What is benonite? The hydras form or the headach for the magnesium calcium and aluminum. Okay.

[00:55:48]What of the following is also known by the name of Indian gum? Colophonyi traan guar gum or acacia. What is also known by the name of Indian gum? Yes.

[00:56:19]the acacia that is also known by the name of Indian gum. So D is going to be the correct option of it. Yes. So yes, this is the acacia that is also known by the name of Indian gum. This is the plant yellow flowers [snorts] of that particular acacia plant. And the water soluble portion of the traanthis basorine, traanthine, algaene or agropactine.

[00:56:39]What is going to be the what is going to be the water soluble or what is going to be the water insoluble portion for that particular plant?

[00:56:59]So yes the basorine is mainly what water insoluble component of that particular traan plant and triggeranthine is water soluble constituent of that particular plant both are the constituent of the traan plant. So they are mainly asking about that soluble part. So that trigger is going to be the correct answer. Okay.

[00:57:22]which is used as a diagnostic agent for below filtration rate. Glomeol filtration rate is sub gold, agar, dextran or enoline. This is going to be the one of easy question. Okay. Can you tell me the formula for calculating the glomearul filtration rate? Yes, this question can either be belong to your bioharmaceutical subject or either from your pharmacology subject. So the GFR can be written as rate of filtration.

[00:57:56]Yeah.

[00:57:58]Plus rate of secretion.

[00:58:05]Okay. Minus rate of trivular reabsorption. We can also say the rate of reabsorption.

[00:58:16]So what is going to the plant that is being used to check the GFR below me filtration rate? Yes, I'm expecting the answer from each one of you. Yes, the inoline is going to be what the answer for that particular question. Okay.

[00:58:28]Which one of the following is an active process?

[00:58:32]The reabsorption or secretion?

[00:58:35]Either reabsorption is active process or secretion is active process. Also tell me that particular question. The swelling factor is a criteria for the purity of acacia, tragakant, guar gum or isabol.

[00:58:51]The swelling factor whenever we are asking about the swelling factor we are just talking about the gum or the bulk forming laxatives bulk forming legative bulk forming laxative that will use to treat the constipation. Yeah. So swelling factor is the criteria for the purity of what is of can answer this question first.

[00:59:25]Yes for the is goal we are going to check the swelling factor. Okay. The artificial inverted sugar is an adult on the honey which contain perfural is detected by the presence of tolerance reagent minhydr ball jet or P test. What test is being done for the artificial honey to detect the artificial honey?

[00:59:46]Artificial honey if you buy from the market to check the particular honey is pure honey or the artificial honey is just a sugar syrup. So you have to done what test? You have to done what?

[01:00:01]Answer this question first.

[01:00:06]C test is being done in order to identify that honey. Yes. And where the ninhyden test is being done?

[01:00:15]Then hydrate test is being done for the identification of amino acids.

[01:00:28]Okay. Marmalosin A, B and C are the chief constituent of Goku, amla, bale and mana. So eggly marmalosa is going to be the biological source of what plant? Agali marmarosa is going to be the biological source for what plant?

[01:00:52]So agi marmalosa is going to be the biological source for the bale plant.

[01:00:59]So these are marmalosine are also obtained from that particular whale plant. Okay. So these are mainly the bale plant contain the marmalosin A and C. Water soluble fraction of the starch is amyos amilopactine cyloextrine or the pactin which is going to be the water soluble fraction of the starch.

[01:01:20]What is going to be the water soluble fraction of the starch?

[01:01:39]What is going to be the water soluble fraction of the starch? Yes, answer this question first. Amos is going to be the water soluble fraction of that particular starch. A is going to be the correct answer. Yes, the water soluble fraction is the amos and amopactin is the water insoluble fraction. Okay, both will going to give the blue color in the iodine. But whenever the amopactin is giving or reacting with the iodine, it will mainly giving a certain blackish blue color. The ammum is a synonym of the amm is a synonym of starch, cellulose, sodium algenate and isob.

[01:02:12]The amum is an synonym of yes we have just three questions left so try to answer these question as fast as possible. So what is going to be the answer for that particular 47th question as we know the amylo and amopactin are the constituent soluble and the insoluble constituent of the starch itself. So the amylum is also a synonym that is being used for the plant starch itself. Okay, we are going to use the for the starch itself. Yeah. The viscosity present in the agar solution is due to the presence of viscosity of the agar solution is due to the presence of agaros cellulose agropopactin as cellos.

[01:02:51]So what is the constituent that is responsible for the viscosity of that particular agar solution?

[01:03:06]Yes, we have just discussed that the viscosity is mainly provided by a name that is you know certain larger in length we can remember with the trick.

[01:03:15]So the agopactin will mainly related to the viscosity but the agros is mainly responsible for the gel strength the gel strength. So they are asking about the viscosity. So we have to take the question take the option CO pectin is going to be the correct answer. Okay. Dash is a carbohydrate containing drug obtained from the marine sources. They are mainly asking about the marine sources. Agar, honey, acacia and isabol carbohydrate that is obtained from the marine sources. What is going to be the correct answer?

[01:04:05]Yes, the agar is mainly obtained from the marine sources. Okay, let's come towards the explanation that the natural gums and the prepared gums that can be the biosynthetic gum, the starch and their derivative and the cellosin derivatives are the prepared or synthetic derivatives. While the plant exodates, the seed gums, the plant extract or the animal extract that is mainly the chitine are the natural sources. Okay. The basorine is a chemical constituent obtained from war gum, lenoline, traanth and olive oil.

[01:04:37]Yes, this question we have discussed multiple time in our single discussion.

[01:04:42]So try to answer this question as fast as possible as fast as possible. Well, the baselorin is mainly the water insoluble component of which plant that is obtained from the estargalas gummyifer. Aarlas gummyifer is a biological source for that particular water insoluble specy that is obtained from which plant?

[01:05:09]That is obtained from the triathlan canth plant. Okay. So C is going to be the correct answer for that particular question. So this is all about the today's class I think. I hope you guys enjoyed. If you enjoyed that particular class, so let me know in the comment section. Let me know in the comment section. Have you enjoyed that particular class or not? Is it going to be helpful? Is it helpful for you?

[01:05:35]Is it helpful for you in building certain concepts related to the given topic?

[01:05:45]Yes.

[01:05:47]Hope you guys enjoyed that particular class. Okay, we'll see you in the coming classes. Thank you so much for giving your precious time. Stay tuned and stay doing hard work for your exam preparations. Notification will be out soon. Okay. But thank you so much for giving