SPAN ZONE D 3-DAY PHYSIOLOGY WEBINAR 26' (Day two)

[00:00:00]Thank you for making time to part of this beautiful program. For those around your state too, this is how the structure goes. The first speaker is going to speak for 40 minutes. Then we have a question answer session which goes for 10 minutes. Then the next speaker will speak and follow that same pattern. Now without taking too much of our time, I would like to read the citation of our first speaker.

[00:00:20]I'll be sharing my screen.

[00:00:38]Can we see my screen?

[00:00:42]>> Yes, we can see your screen please.

[00:00:43]>> Yeah, ma'am.

[00:00:44]>> Thank you. All right.

[00:00:47]Dr. Adibah Adibari is an experienced cardiac physiologist with specialist expertise in transoracic and stress echo cardioraphy. Adibala's journey into cardio physiology was shaped by a deep curiosity about how the heart functions in both health and disease alongside a desire to translate physiological science into meaningful real world patient care. Passionate about healthcare and clinical research, Adala combines hands-on clinical practice with a strong commitment to lifelong learning. He's particularly enthusiastic about encouraging physiology students to recognize how the academic training can involve into impactful and rewarding careers in cardiovascular science. Why are you people not clapping? I need to see your virtual applauses. Adala holds bachelor's and master's degree from Maduna University Nigerian and also Lagos State University respectively.

[00:01:37]He's happily married to fellow cardiac physiologist. Sharing both a personal and professional appreciation for the field. So with a virtual applause, please join me. You can also use heart emoji. Join me as I welcome Dr. Adiba Adari. Sir, you can have the floor.

[00:01:56]Good evening everyone. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. I appreciate you. Thank you. Good evening everyone.

[00:02:03]Um let me just say this. I'm not a doctor. Um maybe I don't know maybe in the future um a PhD might just you know be something I'll be considering but for now I'm just Mr. um Mr. Adola. Um thank you so much. Um so um before I continue I just want to appreciate the [clears throat] um leadership and organizer or the organizers of um this meeting um the escos of the student physiological association of Nigeria southwest region zone D. Thank you so much for the honor and um I see my big brother on the meeting as well Mr. Badamosi. Thank you so much. Thank you for facilitating this. I appreciate you and I honor you as always. Thank you so much. So, um, without further ado, I'll just go straight to the presentation. I've been told I have 40 minutes, so I'll try and share my screen.

[00:03:00]Okay.

[00:03:02]Uh, can you see my screen?

[00:03:09]Can you see my screen?

[00:03:11]>> Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir.

[00:03:14]>> Okay. Thank you.

[00:03:16]All right, let me just move this to the left. Okay.

[00:03:24]Okay. So, I've been asked to speak on careers in clinical cardiac physiology and the career pathways in cardiovascular physiology.

[00:03:35]So as we all know um physiology has got different systems from cardiac to neuro to um renal um nutrition and all the likes. Um but cardiac is my own uh is my own specialty. It's where I'm interested in. So I will be speaking in that in that regard. And um I would like to say this please for those who are still in school um I or for those who are still trying to find their way as to you know which area to pitch their things I'll say have an open mind have an open mind I know yes maybe um um cardio um CVS is your is your area that you you know it's your favorite but have an open mind. Um I say you never can tell and um the most especially in Nigeria where you know where um most of you are at the moment you know the opportunities are not really there. So I'll encourage any time you know be it in sleep be it in neuro can you just take that first to build and transition to whatever you want want. So um be before I start uh the presentation proper I would also like to say this um I intentionally put that stated emphatically that the education I I I had was in Nigeria both BSE and MSE and I intentionally put that because I want I want you to see me like one of you you know um I feel what you feel I understand that um uncertainty. I understand that fear. I understand that concern like what do I do with this physiology thing? You know, what am I going to do with it after school?

[00:05:43]Everybody who has made something out of physiology, trust me, at one time or the other, you know, they felt the same thing. They felt the same thing. They felt the same way. But the truth is, you can always do something. You can always do something. And that's why I love to share my own story. And um another reason why I'm grateful to the organizers of this is that this is even making the picture clearer. You know in my own time we didn't have this opportunity of somebody even coming to speak to say oh these are the things you can do. These are the areas you could delve into and all of that. I had to figure this out on my own and of course at some point with the help of um some people who had gone before me. So please um listen attentively and have an open mind and um if there are questions at the end I'll I'll like to take them.

[00:06:37]Okay. So let's just go into this. Um every heartbeat tells a story and cardio physiologist help to interpret it and save lives just like every other area of diagnostics you know diagnostic medicine and all of that. Physiology physiologists who work in the clinical space irrespective of their sub specialty they help to interpret many of these tests and they save lives. Trust me a test as simple as the ECG can save life. It can save life. In fact it has saved lives many times. So trust me the physiology you are reading there's a lot more to it. It might be in the elementary form, you know, in the basic form, you know, but trust me, if you if you have that knowledge and it's sound, that foundation is sound, it's going to be very easy for you to, you know, to progress into something else. So um for this session I'm going to be speaking around um what is clinical physiology the roles and career pathways the skill you need opportunities in Nigeria and abroad and how to start your career now and then future trends in cardiac diagnostics. Those are the things that I'll be I'll be um speaking on.

[00:08:05]I'm sorry. I'm just trying to get this my image out of the way. It's interfering with my slides. Okay, I think it's okay now. So, what is clinical cardiac physiology? What is clinical cardiac physiology? So, it has to do with the study and the assessment of the heart function. the study and the assessment of the art function from your cardiovascular physiology that you do currently or for those you who have finished school now the ones we all did in you know back in school that is the basics it talks about the heart it talks about the blood vessels and of course if you combine that with your anatomy it tells you um the location where the heart is it talks about the chambers it talks about the structure the valves and all of that so that is the basics that is where it starts from for for you to be able to understand what and you know what what the abnormal heart looks like.

[00:08:57]You need to know what the normal one looks like and that's where that basic knowledge stems from. You're not just going to skip that process and then start to talk about what is abnormal or how do you assess you know you need to understand what you want to assess in the first place. And that's why I said this physiology you're learning now is very relevant. It is very relevant. So another thing that clinical cardiac physiology entails is the use of diagnostic technologies. It involves the use of diagnostic technologies. By those by that we mean the different machines, the equipments that are used in cardiac physiology from the ECG machine to the alter monitor to the pacemaker programmers um the echo machine ultrasound and all of that. I'll be showing you some of those in the course of this presentation. And then um cardiac physiologist are a member of a bigger team which is the cardiology team. They are members of a bigger team which is the cardiology team. So when the when you hear of a cardiologist a cardiologist is first of all a medical doctor who are specialized in the area of cardiology that's specialized in the area of the heart and the blood vessels and things like that. So they don't just treat patients. When a patient is referred to the cardiology clinic, the cardiologist wants to get the basic you wants to get some assessment of that patient is sending the patient go get your blood pressure done, go get your ECG done, do a cardiac ultrasound and things like that. So that is where the clinical the the cardiac physiologist comes in. the cardiac physiologist is doing the ECG is doing the echo and all of that and interpreting it and then sending it to the doctor and then when the doctor has all of those test results he puts them together and then make decision from there. So you can see that we are part of a team you know cardiology is part of that team. So the doctors don't treat in isolation you know so they will need you at some point they will need you at some point if you are part of the you know the the the the team. So you can see that we are not we are not just an appendage. We are very significant. I can't imagine where I work um I can't imagine um a situation whereby the cardio physiologist where I work um have a shutdown and say we are not showing up at work today. It means nothing is going to happen.

[00:11:24]It's as it's as it's as serious as that because if there's nobody doing ECG, nobody is doing alter, nobody's checking pacemakers, nobody's doing echo, then there's nothing for the cardiologist to work with. So we are that important. We are that important.

[00:11:39]Okay. So why does this career matter?

[00:11:42]Career in cardiac physiology, why does it matter? Cardiovascular diseases are leading killers in the world today. you know as the world gets more um more how will I put it now more sophisticated you know we're doing a lot of um junk foods fatty foods and you know um unhealthy habits and even aging sometimes you can even live well but aging wear and tear of your body part and all of that you need cardiovascular professionals professionals in the cardiovascular space to be able to you know to be able to um treat people, to be able to manage people. And so when you look at it, I'm sure every one of us around us, you can tell there's someone who is suffering from high blood pressure. There's someone who um who's got stroke, there's someone who has had one cardiac disease or the other. You can without you even um blinking so much, you can tell you've had somebody somehow somehow. So it's as big as that. And it's not just restricted to Africa or Nigeria alone.

[00:12:46]the world over. It's like that all over the world. So those people are going to need treatment. They're going to need their heart status to be assessed.

[00:12:54]They're going to need different test.

[00:12:56]And that is where you and I come in. And of course, early early detection improves outcomes. Early detection improves outcomes. So when these um um diseases are detected early, it makes it easier for them to be managed. It makes it easier for them to be managed. And of course, there's a growing global demand.

[00:13:16]There's a growing global demand. And I've intentionally put the global thing and the international thing into this slide because I don't want you to think local alone. Don't restrict yourself to Lagos or Abuja or Abel or I wherever you are. Fine. You might be starting out there, but what you have in your hands, if you build it properly, if you follow the road map, trust me, there's no way in the world that you cannot practice.

[00:13:43]There's no way in the world that you cannot function. All right? I mean, I have colleagues. I have colleagues that maybe we've worked at one time or the other together in Nigeria and they in different places. I have colleagues in the UK. I have colleagues in Australia.

[00:13:59]Um there are people that I know who do this same thing in America, in Canada.

[00:14:04]So it's it's there's a global there's a growing demand globally. There's a growing demand globally. So we are that important. I'll say that again. We are that important. So what do cardiac physiologists do? What do we do? You know when you say someone is a cardiac physiologist, what are the things they do? So they record and interpret ECGs.

[00:14:27]What is ECGs? That's electroc cardiogram. Electrocardiogram.

[00:14:32]From our CVS, I'll go back to CVS again.

[00:14:34]I'm sure we all learned about the conducting system of the heart, the syinoatrial node, the AV node, the bundle of V, the pine fibers and all of those things that pathway how it travels, how impulses are trans, you know, transmitted along the cardiac muscle. So the ECG takes us through that journey from the onset the atrial contraction the ventricular contraction the rooarization. So it's a graph paper and you just see the lines you know you see the lines of the Pwave QRS and all of that and from that little paper you can make out a lot of information about the status of the heart. So the cardiac physiology performs that test on the patient and some people are able to read that test. All right. And of course they perform exercise stress testing. What is exercise stress testing? Is another form of ECG but a bit more advanced. And the reason why um that is done is because when you do the the the the regular ECG, the normal ECG, the basic ECG, the patient is just lying down and then you just hook the patient up and then you print out the paper. In some cases, some people the symptoms they have comes on exertion. So you hear people talk about chest pain on exaction. You hear people talk about shortness of breath on exhaion and things like that. So you want to create that scenario of the person being exerted. Maybe the person is when the person is jogging or exercising. That's when the person feels that symptom. So what we do is we hook that patient up the same way you hook them up for a basic ECG and then you put them in a stress condition. And the one of the one of the u one of the most popular one is the treadmill. So the patient is on a treadmill hooked up with all of those um wires and then the patient starts to exercise and then you monitor the changes on the ECG and of course you ask for symptoms how are they feeling and all of that. So that is stress that is exercise stress ECG and of course they support echoc cardiography services. Echo cardiography is just ultrasound of the heart ultrasound of the heart just like the baby scans you know the baby scans that you know they do for pregnant women. You can do the same for the art. And when you do that, you are able to see the different chambers of the heart. You can see the valves. You can assess the muscular contraction and all of that.

[00:16:50]You know when they say someone is in heart failure, how do you find out that?

[00:16:54]How you do you make those diagnosis?

[00:16:55]They say somebody has a valve problem, the mitro valve is leaking, regurgitation, the mitro valve is narrow or the aot is enlarged. How do you make those diagnosis? You can make those ones with ECG, I'm sorry, with echo cardiography. And of course, they assist in cardiac catheterization. What is cardiac characterization is another diagnostic test that looks at the coronary arteries. So when someone has a heart attack, what happens is as a result of narrowing or blockage to one of the coronary arteries and for you to be able to um um um find out which of the artery is blocked. You need to take the person to a cat lab and then they they go they insert a catider through the wrist or the groin you know in a live x-ray room which is called the cat lab. They inject a D which is called contrast and they begin to look at the arteries and then when they locate it they can open it up. So that is cardiac categorization and they also support in diagnosis of rhythm disorders. So some people have read you know abnormal readings like the atrial fibrillation the SBT and all of those things and the fit and monitor ambulatory devices. So you have the alter and BP monitors whereby they hook the patient up for 24 hours. the patient can go home with the blood pressure machine. They ask them to take it home and bring it back the next day and it is downloaded and then it is analyzed. So those are the different cardiac um investigations that cardiac physiologists will do.

[00:18:24]So why physiology graduates are well positioned? Why are you well positioned for this? You have strong cardiovascular foundation. Like I said your CBS take it seriously for those who are still in school. study it properly and in fact you can even take it a step further now after you have studied you know you've read those topics you can just do a little research go on GPT yourself and ask what is the applied physiology of this thing that I have learned you know I have learned about the conductive system of the art what is the applied physiology in other words what is the application how is it relevant in the clinical setting so strong cardiovascular physiology foundation and then you understand a bit of path physiology ology. It's one of the courses I took in my final year. I could I can still remember that pathophysiology this disease patterns you know what what are the differences what makes it different from a normal situation. So you have that knowledge and of course research and and an analytical skills you by the time you're writing your um your your final exam before then you'd have done your project. So you can reason, you can do a bit of research, you can analyze things and then clinical reasoning potential.

[00:19:35]There are things you can develop even before you even get into the job market.

[00:19:40]So you can see that you already have some of these things already even without you getting the job yet. You have some of these things. So you just need to now take it more seriously. If you have been if you have been treating it with levity, now you need to pay more attention to it and do more research with it. All right? So I'll go to the next slide. So where can physiology lead me into what can where can it lead me?

[00:20:05]Diagnostics. Diagnostics is one of the you know major areas that's you conducting all of these tests the ECG the echo and all of that that I spoke about clinical science you know some people will go into clinical science they can that is more a bit more academic you know clinical science medical technology that's another area that is thriving now that is gaining traction medical technology so with your knowledge of the basic physiology and then probably if you've worked in the hospital setting for a You can partner with the tech people to design some of these things like your Fitbit that people wear during exercise, your Fitbit, your eye watch and all your Apple watch and all of those things.

[00:20:46]It's the it's a combination of the tech people and the and the and the and the um the the people the medical people, you know, the medical professionals, they they both come together to design all of these things. And of course, research, you can go into research and then you can go into industry. Many of the equipments that are used in in the hospital in cardiac in cardiology they are made by industries you know I will throw more light on that in in you know if I stay if time permits me. So you can work in the industries as well. So this challenges that idea that physiology is only restricted to lecturing or medicine. In fact, you can spend the whole lifetime of your career doing one thing or the other in physiology without having to lecture and you'll still be fulfilled. So these are some of the areas that you can function without going into the classroom.

[00:21:41]So what are the core skills needed for you to say oh I'm a cardiac physiologist. What are the core skills that are needed? ECG interpretation it is very important. You might not become the super interpret you know interpreter but you should be able to identify some basic things like the rhythms. You should be able to tell what the rhythm look like. Is this patient in sinus rhythm? Is he in bradicardia? Is he in atrial fibrillation heart block and things basically basic things you should be able to tell even if you don't know the right thing you should be able to tell this thing is not normal. At least from there you can you can reach out to a colleague or you know maybe the cardiologist and all of that to tell depending on which area of cardiac physiology you're working anyway. And of course echo cardiography basics you should be able to identify the anatomy when you see an image of um cardiac ultrasound of the screen you should be able to tell this is the left ventricle this is the left atrium and things like that. And then cardiac monitoring which is similar to ECG um interpretation, medical instrumentation, the equipments that are used within cardiac physiology.

[00:22:47]You should be able to identify them and know what they use them for. And of course data analysis meaning that when you have the data you should be able to make something out of it. What can you deduce from this uh from this echo images? What can you deduce from this ECG? So you need those skills. And in addition to the skills I spoke about earlier, those are the core skills, the hard skills, you also need the soft skills, the soft skills. And trust me, the soft skills, you don't even need to get on the job before you begin to learn them. You can start to learn them now.

[00:23:17]So what are the core skills that we need? Problem solving. Problem solving.

[00:23:22]You always you always be faced with one problem or the other. So you should have that mentality of someone who wants to solve problems. Soft, you know, soft skill. It's a soft skill. It will it will make you it will it it will make you more valuable on the job. Patient communication you should be a good communicator. A lot of times the patients quarks in they are scared they are anxious and all of that. You should be able to communicate calm them down make them feel relaxed. You must be friendly. You can't be no matter how skillful you are, you can't be carrying heavy face. You know you can't be yelling at your patient. No. It's like you having a business. It's customer service. Patient communication must be sound. You should be able to explain the test to the patient in such a way that they can understand what you're about to do. You don't just say, "Oh, lie down there." And you just start to putting put on wires on them. No, it's not done that way. You welcome them. Good morning. How are you doing today? You introduce yourself. My name is so so and so and I'll be, you know, performing an ECG test and all of that. This is what the test entails is just to assess your um the electrical activities of your heart. And you even ask them have they got any question? No. Then you go ahead and do all of those things. So you need those um you you must be a good communicator. Teamwork you can't do it alone. You can't write solo. Like I said we are a part of a bigger team. You are a part of a bigger team. So you should look out for your colleagues as well.

[00:24:47]Look out for your colleagues. Attention to detail. Attention to detail is also very important because many of these test these changes the what might be abnormal in a test might be something very subtle but if you miss it at your own point if you miss it it can affect the overall diagnosis the doctors are going to make on that patient and that might be costly. So attention to detail is also very important. Clinical decision support. So when you are making decisions if you are not sure get a second opinion get your colleagueu's opinion there's nothing to you there's nothing to be proud about there's nothing for I know it all nobody knows it all till tomorrow I will ask my colleagues sometimes what do you think about this image what do you think about this study so these are you can see that all of these soft skills there's nothing special about it there are things that you can learn by yourself you can work on develop yourself to be able to do some of these things. So I quickly I'll be talking about the career pathways.

[00:25:46]There are a few career pathways even within cardiac physiology there are few cardiac pathways. So I'll talk about the cardiac physiologist and the cardiac scientist first. So those are the ones who do the resting ECGs, the analysis.

[00:26:00]I've spoken about the resting ECGs before so I won't spend more time on that. So what is alter analysis? So um it's a small device just like the blood pressure thing too. they just hook them up on the patient. So some patients they complain about palpitations, they complain about maybe sometimes shortness of breath and all of that but it's difficult to capture that exact time when that symptom comes up. For instance, the palpitation might come at a particular time of the day but when they come to the hospital the palpitation is not there. So it's difficult for the doctor to be able to tell what is going on because it's not happening at that time. So what they do is to get a device that can capture the um the ECG of that patient, the electrical activities of that patient over 24 hours or 48 hours. So they hook the patient up and they tell them you can go home, go about your normal activities, they give them a j and a pen and say okay whenever you fill that partition take note of the time when that thing happened and after the 24 hours you bring it back. So when they bring it back there's a memory card on that device. It's downloaded by a cardiac physiologist and it captures the ECG of that patient throughout the 24 hours. So by so doing they now analyze and then they are able to match the time the patient complained of the palpitation from the jar and what they are reading on the screen. So that's how the auto analysis works and um ECG testing like I said the one they they um they exercise on the treadmill while they they monitor the ECG and of course ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is similar to the auto analysis as well.

[00:27:39]The difference is that ambulatory is capturing the blood pressure reading over a certain time over a certain period of time and of course diagnostic support which is more like overview of everything I've said. So you can see if you can see my cursor I don't know if you can see it but it's label that's what an ECG machine looks like and you can see the ECG paper there printing out the lines. So what you see in those lines they are waves I'm sure you've done a bit of that in your um your CVS and that's an abolary blood pressure there. You can see the cough they just strap the patient up and they take it home with it. Um the alter monitor as well. So those are some of the equipments that they use. So that's a stress ECG. Oh, very good. That's a stress ECG. You can see the patient on the treadmill. You can see the ECG wires all over his chest together with a blood pressure cough. Um the lady in scrub. I guess that should be a cardio physiologist and you've got the doctor maybe a cardiologist in the room. So while the patient as the patient is exercising, they monitoring the ECG on the screen. You can see the screen.

[00:28:43]They're facing the screen. So they are monitoring the screen. So cardiac physiologist do all of those things. And of course this is another career pathway too which is um cardiac synographer echoc cardiorgraphy specialist. So this is my own specialty. This is what I do.

[00:28:57]So they use ultrasound to assess the art structure, the valve disease, heart failure, congenital abnormalities. Yeah, congenital abnormalities. I think it was just this week that ended maybe this no last week. A young lady just came in for an echo. Indication was palpitation and midway the echo I just discovered that something wasn't right. somewhere you know one of the chambers was becoming enlarged and by the time I took a closer look she had an atrial septile defect so what they will call hole in the heart so the the membrane that is supposed to partition the left atrium from the right atrium had a perforation somewhere so that we call that ASD atrial septile defect I was able to make that diagnosis with an echo with ultrasound and all they need to do is just take the patient to the to the theater And um they don't even need to do an open eye surgery nowadays. They can do a Q and just deploy a device to block that opening.

[00:29:56]They call that an um amplatter if I can ampl. So they just cover it up and she'll be fine and all of that. So those are some of the things we can do as a cardiac physiologist. Okay. So that's an um that's an echoc cardioraph there on your screen. It's an ultrasound machine just like the baby scan room like I spoke about. And when you look at your screen, that's the image of that's what the heart looks like on ultrasound, but it's an inverted and a mirror image. So in real life, you have the two chambers on top. You have them below. So the two chambers on top are the ventricles. The one below, those are the atria. All right? And there's a color on the screen. That color is just an application from the machine telling me the direction of blood flow. So that's what an echoc cardioraph looks like. So there's another sub specialty again which is um a bit more advanced. It still has to do with imaging. So advanced echo and then stress echo. So just the same way we do the stress ECG where you hook the patient up and then they do the ECG. You can also do the same for echo. So you can put the patient the patient is exercising and you are taking images of the heart. Yes, it is possible. There are some beds that comes with pedals. So the patient is trapped on the bed and is peddling while he's still lying down. He's peddling on the bed and you are grabbing images. So that's the stress echo. And then transophagial transosophasial echo looks like the endoscopy test. So the patient they insert the camera into the mouth of the patient. It goes down and they able to take a close-up image of the of the heart. And of course structural heart imaging that's imaging in heart defects and things like that. So these are a bit more advanced than the basic echoc cardiogram.

[00:31:39]Also there's another career pathway which um has to do with the cardiac catheter catheterization and catlab specialist like I spoke about earlier when there's a blockage in the coronary arteries and they need to open it up. So coronary angography is the test when they inject the dye to see where the blockage is and then they can do angoplasty and stenting opening up that um coronary artery and other structural procedures like the one I spoke about closing a you know um an a hole in the heart and then device implantation support. So that's pacemakers. So for people who have problems probably with their sinoitrial node in such a way that the heart rate now become becomes permanently low and they have symptoms we call that symptomatic bradicardia. So their heart rate is below 60 maybe the heart rate is about 40 they will definitely be breathless because it will affect cardiac output. So you need something to kick off that heart rate.

[00:32:38]So they implant a device on their in their chest which which has got wires leads that goes into the heart and that is able to help kick up the heart rate a bit. So that's called a pacemaker. I think I have an image of that on this slide. So you need for them to implant that you also need a cardiac physiologist to do the programming and all of those. So that's that. So this is a cardiac categorization lab. You can see the bed. That's where the patient lies down. On that screen you can see something that looks like a tree, branches of a tree. That's the coronary artery and that's where they look out for the blockage and all of that. And there's a lot of radiation going on in that room. So that's what the carrier catheterization lab looks like. There are a couple of them in Lagos. You can find out and just go there just to observe and see what's going on there.

[00:33:27]So the carrier pathway four has to do with electrical activities of the heart as well which includes EP studies pacemaker followup like I said arythmia investigations so there are some very dangerous arrhythmia that's abnormal rhythm that if someone goes into it if something is not done as soon as possible the person could pass from there like the sup super supra ventricular tachicardia and things like that you know you just said that somebody was playing football and he slumped and he died it could be from those arrhythmia. So there's another device that they can implant in the chest which is called ICD you know that's a defibrillator it's like the one we watch in the movies where they shock the patient. So that device is already in the chest. So the moment it detects any abnormal reading it shocks the patient back to sinus. So those are some of so in doing checking those um devices from time to time a cardiac physiologist can do that. So these are programmers these are different pacemaker programmers. So they just it's got a big metal they just put it on the chest of the patient where the pacemaker was inserted and they can analyze and program the pacemaker from there. So this is a pacemaker program.

[00:34:36]So yeah beautiful. So this is what a pacemaker looks like. So they they implant this into the chest of that patient. So in those people you will notice that bulge on their chest. You notice that bulge. So the wire the accompanying wire is the one that goes into the heart that is implanted somewhere in the heart. usually mostly on the right side of the heart they implant this ones. Yeah. So that's what a pacemaker looks like. And so beyond the traditional hospital roles there are other areas where cardiac physiologist could work like the cardiac device industry. Like I said I will mention some of them in the subsequent slide.

[00:35:11]The cardiac device industry clinical application specialist who is a clinical application specialist. There are some people who do these demos.

[00:35:20]Usually many of them started as cardio physiologist maybe as doing ECG doing echos doing catheterization and all of that and then they transition into industry and they are the ones that work for those companies that make those machines. So they are the ones that interface with the consumers the cardio physiologist on the job they show them oh we've got a new um echo machine it can do 4D it can do this it can do that.

[00:35:45]So they are the ones that do those demos. So those are the clinical application specialists. You can also go into sales, medical sales, scientific support, digit, digital health and wearables. Like I said, your Fitbit, your Apple Watch, and all of those things. AI in cardiac diagnostics.

[00:36:02]There's AI is everywhere. Of course, some of the measurements that it takes us a couple of minutes to do before that you have to manually measure and trace and do all of those things. With AI now, you just punch a button and it will just and it will calculate everything for you, analyze everything for you. That's what AI is you know and then research and academia research and academia clinical trials so those are other things that you can do so the industry players metronic abort Philips G healthcare semens health nurse so these are different companies that they are actively looking for people with cardiac physiology background to come and work with them either as a salesperson or as an application specialist and all of that. So there are also cardio physiologists that work in industry. I think I have somebody on this uh on this slide I'll show you. She started as a cardio physiologist worked as a cardiac physiology did echos became a manager in our department before she went into industry. So um you can also work in the industry and international opportunities ex exist across the world like I said from UK to Canada to US, Australia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. So don't just limit yourself.

[00:37:21]That's why you need to take this learning seriously as you are learning.

[00:37:26]Don't don't don't um look down on those humble beginnings.

[00:37:30]Even if it's ECG that you can find to learn now, take it seriously. You never can tell where you find yourself. You know, you can just find yourself in another country and it will be these skills that will make [clears throat] that difference for you. All right.

[00:37:43]So, yeah, this is the image of the person I was talking about. So, that's my humble self um with that colleague there. Her name is Natasha. So, she used to be an echo cardiographer as well. She became a manager in her trust and then decided to go into industry. So she joined General Electric and I think on that day she had come to market that machine behind us you know to to us in the hospital and on that screen you can see a 2D and 4D image there. So so there are no limits there are no limits you can start in the hospital and end up in the industry so um that is very possible I just needed to put that image there so you can see that um these things happen.

[00:38:24]I'm not just making them up. So where do you start? Ah, I know my time is up. I'm rushing now. Where do you start? How do you start? Get hospital exposure. I did that as well. Get hospital exposure.

[00:38:36]Reach out to hospitals that do many of these test that offer many of these services. Approach them. Be humble about it. Let them see the hunger in you and who knows they might just give you that chance. Seek cardiology unit observations, you know, observerships.

[00:38:51]Go to loot, go to lassuit, see what they are doing. Take short ECG courses. You know I know that there's Vakura that you know offers some of these courses. Take those courses. Learn echo fundamentals.

[00:39:03]Volunteer. Everything doesn't have to be money. Don't say how much are they going to pay me. Volunteer. It's part of you showing that hunger for somebody to invest in you. The person wants to see that seriousness. So if you can do it for free then they will take you more seriously. And also build LinkedIn you know your LinkedIn profile. Build your LinkedIn profile. Network professionally. Network professionally.

[00:39:24]When you see people who are doing what you aspire to do, connect with them on LinkedIn and don't just go there and say hi or say good morning and you expect them to start chatting with you. Many of them are very busy. They don't have that time. If you have anything to say, go into their um their message this thing.

[00:39:41]Send them the message properly.

[00:39:43]Introduce yourself. This is who you are.

[00:39:45]This is what you want them to help you with. And I'm sure many of them will reply you. But when you go there and you you're chatting, you are saying good morning, you are waiting for them to reply you and all of that, they might not have that time to do that. And then find mentors. Find mentors. Look out for people that can help you and be humble when they give you their space as well.

[00:40:03]When they when they give you their space for you to come and observe and all of that, be useful. Try as much as possible. Add value to them. If somebody is doing an echo for instance and you the person invites you to come into the lab, even if it's just to change the sheets, the paper to tidy up after every patient that you can do, do it. If it's just height and weight, do it. Let the person see that there's some seriousness, there's some value attached. That's how you gain attention.

[00:40:30]People do not just waste their time to start investing in you like that. It's not like you are related or something.

[00:40:35]They just saw you, but they need to see that seriousness. And that's how you can get access to people. All right. So, uh let me see. Have I got anything left?

[00:40:45]So, what are the challenges? Of course, there are challenges. It's not as easy as it sounds. Limited training facilities. We haven't got enough facilities that are offering many of these tests for people to even get exposure. All right? And then continuous learning is required. You don't just finish your BSE and you just pack things up and say, I want to hit the market like that. All right. Technical competence takes time. You need to be patient with yourself. Don't be too hard on yourself. All right? It takes time.

[00:41:12]So that process will always be there.

[00:41:15]And then some regions have limited awareness of this profession. To the best of my knowledge, there are still many other states in Nigeria that we are not even seeing people doing anything in that area. The attention seems to be on Lagos, Abuja, Potacot and maybe a few teaching hospitals across. But there are still so many areas where many of these things don't even if you tell them you study physiology they just look at what what's that and all of that. So those challenges are still there. All right.

[00:41:42]So key takeaways clinical cardio physiology is a real and growing part and it's a it's a it's it's fast developing fast growing and physiology graduates already have relevant foundations. you already have that relevant foundation from your from your um from your degree from your degree program that you're taking and then there are multiple specializations opportunities exist locally and internationally and I'll encourage you start building your pathway now when for those even for those that are still in school when you're on your semester breaks try and go to visit some of these hospitals just for a tour see what is going on see what is obtainable make use of the internet what are the I remember doing that at some point when I got confused and I'm like this physiology I'm sure there are some people outside the country that studied it and they working professionally I went on YouTube what does it mean to be a card physiologist what are the things they do so you can do that as well all right so final advice explore early be curious build competence seek mentorship and position yourself intentionally all right I think that should be the end thank you very much and um I'm happy to take any questions Thank you.

[00:42:57]>> Thank you very much, sir. That was beautiful. Not only did you wrap it up, we even finished before time. I appreciate that, sir.

[00:43:06]>> All right. So, any questions in the house? You can type it in the chat box, please.

[00:43:11]>> For those watching on YouTube, feel free to ask questions.

[00:43:39]Okay sir. Um there's a question from me.

[00:43:42]>> Okay.

[00:43:42]>> You said we should volunteer for research projects that we should volunteer. We should not care about whether the pay is there or it's money is high anything. Is it specific research projects or the ones that are in line with cardio? cuz I hardly see research projects with that kind of um subject and where can we find such is there a website or particular place you can search to know people that are doing research looking for volunteers >> well to the best of my knowledge I don't think I am not aware of any website or things like that and what I will advise in that regards is visit those hospitals most especially the teaching hospitals the teaching hospitals like loot like lassoot um I don't know much about many other teaching hospitals try and get access to the uh the the cardiac department the cardiology department you know and ask questions you if you don't if you don't make those research if you don't search you know I'm sorry I'm a Christian it says seek and you will find it's what you search that you will find it's what you're looking for that you will find so be intentional go to those places knock on doors just ask how can I how can I help out how can I volunteer how can I assist you and all of that you know so I think that's the best way for now that you can get those opportunity and I know people who started that way and now they are big now I know people who started that way they were just research assistant they were just more like boy boy and all of that but they knew that it's they were they were going somewhere you know they knew they were going somewhere and the moment they had that opportunity that is just for you to gain access and by the time you get that access because you already know what you are looking for you can you know you can maximize it so that's what I would say knock on those doors visit those department and you never can tell what will come out of it >> thank you very much sir not yet sir all right so um one of the questions from the house is this must physiologist get international certification before they can get jobs abroad >> um not all the time not all the time but it just gives you an edge. It gives you an edge. Like I like like like like like I tell people the the world is competitive. Yes, there's a growing demand. There's a growing demand but it is still competitive. So imagine you um you applying together with people who already have one or two certifications and they are doing the short listing.

[00:46:17]Who do you think will will be more preferred? You know so it's just to put you in a better place. It doesn't there's no one size fits all but it just puts you in a better place and also it gives you that confidence to that you know I'll use my own experience for for instance after I had worked in Nigeria for about four five years no about four years I thought to myself I think I have what it takes now but for me to be able to measure the knowledge I have on echo I started researching is there any international exam that I could take and all of that and I stumbled on the um the registered cardiac sonography exam by the cardiovascular credential international and luckily they take that exam in Nigeria. So I got the I tried to save up the money applied for the exam and then re and then wrote the exam. The moment I wrote the exam and I passed well that built my confidence that yes I have what it takes you know. So it's it it gives you an edge. It gives you an edge and it boosts your confidence.

[00:47:17]That's what I'll say.

[00:47:23]All right. So, I believe that answered the person's question. Okay. The other question we have is this. Can you recommend any any center?

[00:47:31]>> Like you just mentioned how you able to find out about the exam that you wrote that gave you an edge.

[00:47:37]>> So, is any any center that you can tell >> any learning center?

[00:47:43]>> Yes.

[00:47:44]>> Well, for now um I let me see let me see. Let me say for the learning center it's easier for you when you when you when you've gotten that opportunity when probably you you got a job in that line you know it's easier because you're learning on the job as well so it gives you a better advantage depending on the specialty you are going into if for instance what you want to learn is ECG for now I'm sure Mr. Badamosi um and his partner their company Vakura they provide a lot of this training on ECG courses so you can start from there you can start from there I'm also aware I'm also aware of um this postgraduate diploma in cardiac ultrasound um I think last started as well there used to be one in UO some years back I don't know if they still exist so these are structured training and then you get to write an exam and get certified So these are places that you can you can find out more about. But I'm sure about lass. I think lass lass just started a couple of years ago now. Yeah.

[00:48:55]>> All right sir. Thank you very much. The person who asked the question someone recommended betakura.

[00:49:01]>> All right. So another question. Which ECG course can someone take >> to boost their level?

[00:49:07]>> Yeahura will be able to they will be able to um advise you more on that. If you go for their course then they can pitch you for more um certifications if you need that. Yeah. Yeah. But the thing is I know I know I know we like certificates a lot. I know we like to you know something fancy to post on LinkedIn and all of that but beyond that trust me um build a skill. Build a skill be competent in it be competent in it first. Like I said, I had worked professionally for like four years. I was already doing my scans, doing my reporting and all of that before for a couple of years before I ever thought about an exam, you know. So, if you have that opportunity to learn, just don't worry, the reertification will come later. You know, when they get when you get called to an interview, there's a way you speak at the interview that they won't even bother whether you have the certification or or not. There are some people who have those certifications and they can't even defend it. they can't even perform on the field you know so I'll say it's a blend of both but don't let your attention to be more on the certification you know than getting the required skill the competence all right >> yes sir like you said skill is very important okay sir someone asked are there any cardiac physiology roles in the fitness or sport science >> well yes but I'm not sure if there's anything like that in Nigeria I'm not Sure. I'm not sure. But the truth is many of those um fitness and sports people, they reach out to the hospitals when they need to when they need to probably get their athletes for evaluation and assessment. They don't they most of them will not hire a cardio physiologist to do that except probably you've been in it for for many years and maybe you have a company that's when they can approach you. most likely they will go to the hospitals to say okay we have um about 10 or 15 athletes who needs to have their trials or medical fitness can you put them into your schedule and all of that so that's how many of them will do it they will approach the hospitals not hire somebody you know a cardiac physiologist to do that so they still go back to the hospitals any yeah >> okay sir so the person that asked that please put yourself out there another question for you sir how can a physiologist ologist play a role in the respiratory units.

[00:51:37]>> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. We have a lot of um um physiologists in the respiratory space as well. Um I think they do that in loot. If you go to loot um let's not underrate our own. There's a lot going on in loot and lass, you know, get to those places. Approach them. It's the way you carry yourself, you know. Go there, be humble, let them introduce yourself, let them know you just want to see and all of that. and they will show you some of these things. It's not it's not there's no there's nothing hidden about it. Um for a physiologist you you also help in carrying out many of those diagnostics test. Um they have the lung function, the spyometry um um CPAP and things like that. So I know I I know there are people in loot that um practice as respiratory physiologist. So yes, um you need to do um you you you help out with those um um lung function test and the spyometry.

[00:52:35]Yeah.

[00:52:38]>> Thank you very very much sir. You've been a well of wisdom. Really really appreciate it. Okay. Is there any other question anyone?

[00:52:48]Okay. Someone asked which area of physiology or rather specialization in physiology has the highest demand currently?

[00:52:57]Well, I I don't have the data. I would need to I I I'll need to I'll need to um confirm that with data. I don't have the data, unfortunately. But um maybe allow me to to be partial. Now, I know because I play in the cardiac space, I know a lot of people in that area. I know a lot of people in that area, but I also know that there there are people in Neuro Neuro as well. Neuro has quite a number of people as well. those who do the EEG and the likes. There are people in neuro, there are people in um respiratory.

[00:53:30]Um where else again? There are people in sleep. I think sleep and neuro kind of you know they work in the same space. So yeah, but of course I know more people in cardiac anyway.

[00:53:44]>> Yeah, people in cardiac as well. Yeah.

[00:53:48]>> So you can continue if you have something to say.

[00:53:51]>> Yeah. I I just saw somebody saying something about cardiac perusion. Oh, sorry. It's a question.

[00:53:58]>> Cardiac perusion. Yes.

[00:53:59]>> Yes, sir.

[00:54:00]>> Yes. Yes. But um most likely you need to go for further training, but you already have the basics. There's someone I know that used to be in perision. I don't know if he still does that. Um his name is Muhammad Gedo. I think he worked with Metronic the last time I heard from him. But he started out as a cardiac perusionist before he started doing the pacemaker programming and all of those. Yeah.

[00:54:27]>> Okay. So I believe that answered all the questions that you have answered right all the questions that we've asked so far. Please anyone there anything you want him to tell you want to know you can still drop questions.

[00:54:40]Okay sir we have this. Can physiologists work directly in hospitals after graduation or do they need additional training?

[00:54:48]Um you can work directly. Yeah, definitely you'll be a trainee. When you go to when you go into the hospital, you're going to be going in as a trainee. All right.

[00:54:58]But they can employ you. You know, they can employ you as a trainee. Um the knowledge you have, like I said, the knowledge you have is in the basic form.

[00:55:07]You have the basic form. You don't have the applied knowledge. All right? So, you will still need some training, but it's something that you can learn on the job. You can learn on the job. So you can get Yes, you can you can you can get employed into the hospital space you know after graduation. Yeah. But of course the training will happen either on the job or you going for a course or something.

[00:55:30]>> So it's basically like learning on the job.

[00:55:34]>> Yes. Yes. Yes.

[00:55:35]>> All right sir. All right sir. Okay. So there's another question for someone wishing to explore imunology and physiology. How do I go about it? both with the learning and lab and are there any it's two in one question. Yes sir.

[00:55:50]>> I'm sorry I I'm not sure I can comment on that. I don't know. Yeah. It's not my it's not my favorite.

[00:55:57]>> All right. So Nancy sorry that it's not his field currently but if you have any other questions like related to anything like cardio please feel free to ask.

[00:56:09]All right sir. Is it possible to specialize in echoc cardioraphy for masters?

[00:56:14]Yes, there are a few there there are few um institutions that offer masters in echoc cardiorapgraphy but um I would say just do a postgraduate a postgraduate should be enough for a start rather than going for a mast's you know that masters might be more expensive and you know take longer you know for you to have but with the postgraduates it just gives you yes you're not going to become a guru from be it the postgraduate or the or the masters, it's something that you keep learning every day. Um I've been doing it by the grace of God for 11 years now and I'm still learning. I'm still learning. So it's not something that you capture everything from day one. But a PGD should be enough for you to kickstart you. Yeah.

[00:57:07]>> Okay. So thank you very much sir. This was wonderful. people can testify to that. There's another question. What do you advice for a physiology student going for it to work in? Okay, so basic question is asking is there any specific hospital organization that they can apply to when going for it that can equip the person for tomorrow in terms of their future?

[00:57:30]>> Good question. So for me and with the little I know about Nigeria, there is no there's no structured part. There's no structured part. You have to walk out your your own way. You have to work out your way. And that's why I'll still keep hammering on you going to those places. Going to those places, approaching them. That's why this thing you have to take it is that you are not you are not responsible for anybody at this time. Take it as your as your this is your life matter.

[00:58:01]So from year two, I don't know what year they go for industrial training. from year two, year three, all those your semester breaks, start familiarizing yourself with those departments. Get to know the people who are in charge, you know, even if it's just to go there, see what they are doing, run a few errands for them. I'm not going to I'm not going to deceive you about that. If you need if you need to run few errands for them, just anything for them to like you, for them to know you, recognize you, for them to be able to, you know, identify you, recognize you, you are preparing your way for when you will need them.

[00:58:33]You have to be smart. This is street sense and they won't teach you this in the classroom. find a way to know people in those spaces so that when you need to do your IT for instance, you can just go there and say, "Sir, it's time for my IT and I I need a place and all of that."

[00:58:48]Please, can you just prepare a letter or something for me so I can come here to have my IT, you know, that's the only way in Nigeria. There's no structured there's no structured pathway to say okay um these ones are taking it to you know the truth is in as much as is important for you to train the next generation and train people that will take over from people that already working now when it comes to it and observer observer and things like that they slow people down you know they slow down pace of work they just all over the place you know sometimes getting in people's ways and all of that so many organizations will not readily open their arms and say come you know so you have to work out your way you need to be smart about it and see what can come out from there you know so that's what I would suggest try and get used to those places before you need them familiarize with as many that you can all right yes sir noted sir thank you very much this has been wonderful all right in absence of any questions we have come to the end of the first session of our day two webinar thank Thank you very much, sir. It was very lovely having you.

[00:59:56]>> Thank you so much. Thank you for the honor. I appreciate. Thank you. And I wish everyone good luck in your career um in your pursuit of excellence. Um don't get tired. Don't get tired. Um keep pushing. Keep pushing. There's a way that you put in all you've got and the universe will just yield to you. And also, you need to be humble. Be humble and um be open. Be open. Have open mind.

[01:00:21]Be curious. Ask questions. ask questions. All right. All the best.

[01:00:25]Thank you so much for having me.

[01:00:30]>> Thank you, sir. Everyone, thank you.

[01:00:32]Virtual applause for our teacher, please.

[01:00:35]>> Thank you.

[01:00:36]>> All right. So, we're moving on to the next session of today. Like I said earlier, each session is 40 minutes and we have question and answer session for 10 minutes. So, as she's teaching, yes, it's a female.

[01:00:51]Please prepare your questions down.

[01:00:53]Okay. So now I'll be sharing my screen so I could read the exitation.

[01:01:13]Can we see my screen? Please if you can react.

[01:01:26]Can we see my screen?

[01:01:33]>> Yes, we can see your screen.

[01:01:35]>> Yes, we can.

[01:01:37]>> Thank you. Thank you very much. All right. So, without taking any more time, I'll be reading. Please just get our claps ready.

[01:01:48]Inspe is a clinical neurohysiologist a AHCS app predicted and a member of the association of neurop physiological sciences. She is the co-founder of vitakura healthcare committed to advancing healthcare education and workforce development through innovative training programs career mentorship and community health initiatives. Pakora healthcare has empowered over 100 healthcare professionals and aspiring clinical cardiac physiologies within its first year. Driven by a passion for excellence, she strives to bridge clinical practice, education and community impact, creating opportunities that improve health care delivery and even inspiring the next generation of healthcare professionals.

[01:02:33]I'm sure we all heard what I said and what I read. So with a virtual applause, a loud one. Imagine it's loud in your head. Please welcome Mad M.

[01:02:58]The floor is yours.

[01:03:07]Hello everyone. Good evening. I am Fidat Ol. Thank you so much. Um I didn't get your name but thank you so much for that wonderful >> Fi. Nice to meet you Fumbi. Thank you so much for that wonderful introduction.

[01:03:22]That's a lot.

[01:03:24]Um I'm presenting from home today and um my toddler might make a few appearances so please bear with me. All right.

[01:03:37]>> Yes ma'am.

[01:03:38]>> Thank you. So may I share my screen?

[01:03:47]>> Yes please.

[01:04:00]All right. Good evening everyone.

[01:04:05]I believe we can all hear me.

[01:04:10]>> Yes ma'am. We can hear you ma.

[01:04:12]>> Thank you so much. That was a very calming voice. Thank you.

[01:04:18]No matter how many times we do this or how old we are, we still get nervous sometimes when we present, you know, but we have a wonderful way of talking it in.

[01:04:32]Um, thank you for having me today on your second day of the physiology webinar and I hope I would pass a few messages that would impact one or two people today or assist you in your journey as a physiologist. I will be discussing the pathway into neurohysiology. The presentation by Mr. Deolaf is always always always um enlightening and he always delivers it in such a wonderful manner. I might not be saying as much or doing as much because he has covered it all. even if it's a branch of physiology, it still all the advice he gave still applies to every other aspect of um physiology.

[01:05:16]So now we'll be discussing what physiology means. We'll be discussing the EEG and brain monitoring aspect and also other neurody diagnostic procedures and um we'll also discuss the skills and training that is required for um neurohysiology and opportunities in the UK and outside the UK. So, so what is neurohysiology? Can you hear me or I need to speak a bit louder?

[01:05:46]>> We can hear you loud and clear. very much.

[01:05:48]>> So neurohysiology everyone knows is neuro then physiology. Physiology is study of the function of the body. So neuro is just picking one part of the body that's the nervous system and studying that in depthly. You know how they say that a jack of all trade is a jack of no trade. Um but if you specialize in one thing you become way better at it. I can attest to that because for a few number of years at the beginning of my career I was a jack of all trades. I was into cardio, neuro, respiratory, sleep. I did it all. And that was me, you know, my hunger for wanting to be something or do something or impact something into the society without having a specific thing.

[01:06:31]Exactly. But um after the job in the UK, it's been one part and I have seen myself become way better at what I do and um I can see myself giving not just something but a particular thing to the society which is what we should all strive to do in life. Okay. So as a clinical neurohysiologist I work with the NHS right now. So most of the things I'll be saying is based on the NHS and also with the little knowledge I have for the number of years I spent in Nigeria as a jack of all trade physiology. I will pitch in one or two things I also learned in that journey.

[01:07:09]So I'll investigate some of these conditions or most of these conditions which includes epilepsy which is the primary focus for EEG investigations um peripheral neuropathies nerve enttrapments most especially the carpal tunnel syndromes um M andd that's the motor neuron diseases myopathy and neuromuscular disorders sleep disorders I won't say I am involved in that as in neurohysiology like Mr. said he believes that sleep and neuro are like intertwined. That's because when you are carrying out sleep investigations, you need to carry out some level of electrophilography.

[01:07:49]However, here in the UK, they are not some most of the hospitals here in the UK do not have these two departments together. They are very two different um departments and work separately. Um so a knowledge of EEG is very good for those that would eventually want to um follow the pathway of becoming sleep physiologist. Um [clears throat] working in the NHS. NHS is one of the largest employer of the clinical neurohysiologist in the UK. um in Nigeria the private sector is actually one of the largest employer of neurohysiologists in Nigeria and that's because they feel like if they have the fancy test the big test the big test includes the MRI the CTS and all of that and then the EEGs the um spyometry they come as second class while the basic ones that every diagnostic company wants to have that's the private sector includes the blood test the um ECG which is very much important and um maybe the X-ray but not necessarily. So EEG comes in as second class.

[01:08:59]So they are the largest um employers.

[01:09:01]However, they they are happy to have um phys neurohysiologist as part-time workers or contract staffs rather than full-time staffs. That's my knowledge of this field in Nigeria with the number of years I spent in Nigeria working as a jack of all trade in physiology. Um we are an integrated multi-disiplinary team because we work with other disciplines.

[01:09:26]So neurohysiology is under the body of neuroscience and um neuroscience has a lot of branches which includes neur neurology, neuros neurosurgery, pediatrics.

[01:09:39]Pediatrics is very different because pediatrics is a very special um department. They are very fragile because we're talking about children and the things we find in children or in the pediatric EEG or studies is quite different from what we'll find in the adult studies. So the adults we just term the general term that's neurology or neurosurgery. But for pediatrics you have to put pediatric this pediatric that. So we just say pediatrics in general.

[01:10:10]Another good thing about working with the NHS or one of the things with the NHS is like Mr. Dala says, you always learn on the job. In Nigeria, learning on the job just simply means learning with the patient you see with the investigations you carry out. But for I I'm sorry if I'm saying too much about the UK because that's where I work and that's what I know. So I'm sharing what I know with you guys. So yes, the struct the structured training in the UK when you work in the UK. So the training includes um the training includes the CPD that's um continuous development studies. We have stats and mans. So you always have to do courses every year or every 6 months or every 3 years to just keep yourself um informed. Now let's talk about EEG.

[01:11:01]EEG is the record of the brain electrical activities. How do we carry out EEGs? We place scalp electrodes on the um scalp and we record for depends I'll get to how the length of recording because depending on the length of recording it gives a different name of that type of EEG. Um we carry out investig we carry out um activations which includes eye open, eye closure, hyperventilation and photoic stimulation. Why do we do all of this?

[01:11:29]We're trying to stimulate the brain.

[01:11:31]We're trying to get the brain to to work. We're trying to get the brain to react to these things that we are telling the patients to do. And we [snorts] do these things so that we can see the changes that happens in the brain. And when these changes happen, there are some readings that we say are normal. There are some that we say they are benign. So they are really not bad.

[01:11:50]But sometimes it can happen in some sort of patient, some type of condition, some patients with some genetic disorders or something like that. For example, in um pediatrics, it's normal to see slow waves in pediatrics because their brain is still developing. But in adults, you don't want to see slow waves that much.

[01:12:08]You will see them, but not as much as you would in um pediatrics. So, there's a lot to understand when it comes to, you know, the EEG. It's not just a 20 minute or 1 hour recording and that's it.

[01:12:21]So, we have the standard EG. I've explained what the standard EG is, but that goes for about 20 to 30 minutes. We say 40 sometimes because it depends. In pediatrics, we carry out the recording for up to 30 minutes because, you know, they move a lot. There's a lot of artifacts. So, you want to get a longer recording and see if you can get longer periods of stable recordings. Ambulatory EG are those that are prolonged. They are either from 24 to 72 hours. Under standard recording we have sleep also sleep recording. The sleep recording is divided into two. We have the sleep deprived and we have the sleep induced.

[01:12:58]Sleep deprived is what we usually use for adults because you can tell adults to please do not sleep for more than 2 three hours overnight and come in the morning and get the EG done. You sleep in the department doing the test. So that that's done for about an hour. For the sleep induced, you can't tell kids to stay awake overnight. So mostly children or mostly children we tell to come in and we give them melatonin. We know we all know what melatonin is. It's an hormone that's found in our body that helps us to get tired and go to sleep following the cardian rhythm and all of that. So now we give the medication and this gets them tired and gets them to sleep. It has no adverse effect. It has no side effect. They sleep, they wake up like they do like they're taking a nap.

[01:13:42]Some do not sleep. Really doesn't matter. We just get the recording and if we don't get enough information that is required for the doctors then they have to come back again and we try again. If we see that we're doing it too many times and maximum of twice then they have to do other investigations or the doctor just has to decide on the next level of treatment. Ambulatory it's about 24 to 72 hours in this case. It's for patients with rare conditions or rare events where they say, "Oh, I only have my events maybe when when I sleep at night or I have my event once in five weeks or I have my event, you know, the events are not quite frequent. Their events are not the doctors are not very sure the display or the characteristics of this event. So, they want to get more information. So, in this case, we do the prolonged ones. So we call it amulatory but they are branches. We have the home video telemetry.

[01:14:39]One minute please.

[01:15:30]Hello. I am so sorry about that. Like I said, my toddler will make appearances and she needed me for a minute. Okay.

[01:15:39]So, I'm already doing too much talking on exactly what this is or on exactly what EEGs are and I don't think you need all of that information now. But I'm doing this so that you know that it's a fun and very interesting career. So, we have the video telemetry which is longer and it's usually inatient and it's for epilepsy surgery workups. So for patients who have epilepsy, I want to believe that everybody here has good knowledge about what epilepsy is. And it is not something gotten from a lizard or your auntie's course in the village or your village people attacking you or things like that. It is just um something happening from the brain due to a damage to a specific part of the brain. Am I right? Can I get a yes or a no to that?

[01:16:23]>> You're right, sir.

[01:16:24]>> Okay. Thank you very much. But I'm glad we passed that stage. Okay. So >> because honestly it's quite interesting with the way it used to be back then in Nigeria and the stigmatization.

[01:16:37]I'm very thrilled when I see patients coming in with boyfriend or my girlfriend and they know that I have epilepsy you know and they're like oh I'm I know she has epilepsy. this is what our events are like and they are the ones speaking for her, speaking for him. It's encouraging to see that life is evolved anyway. Life in the west is always well involved than back home. So I'm glad that here we are well informed.

[01:17:06]Okay. So let's move on.

[01:17:13]Yes. So now neurodyiagnostic procedures aside from the EG there are other procedures that we do as a neurohysiologist something we call EMG however before you can carry out EMG investigations you need to have mastered neurohysiology when I say mastered I don't mean just a mast's you must have had um you must probably already you should already become a a doctor in phys in neurohysiology or a consultant in neurohysiology or maybe that's how it is here in the UK only but in Nigeria no physiologist can carry out EMG I believe except things have changed but for the little information I have so far I think physiologist cannot carry out EMG because EMG is quite different from nerve conduction studies EMG includes the use of needles in the in the NHS you need to have carried out courses and train trainings on how to use needles. That's funny but yes on how to use needles because it's very delicate.

[01:18:28]Don't forget that EEG is noninvasive.

[01:18:31]You don't use needles and it is um a very simple test. However, there are other types of EEGs that includes the intraanial ones where they use needles and in those ones. Sorry, is someone asking a question?

[01:19:00]Um, okay, I'll just go on.

[01:19:04]But it's good to have knowledge about it. Okay. Nerve conductions. Yes, we carry out that and it's very interesting. Nerve conduction studies are quite interesting. Is the study of the nerves. We just want to see the speed and the strength of the nerves.

[01:19:18]So, we want to see how fast the nerves pick up signals. And these signals are electric shocks that we give to patients on the different um nerves. So, you need to know your physiology. The nerves of the hand, the nerves of the upper limbs, the lower limbs, the neck etc. You need to know all of that and it's quite interesting. You see the speed of um for example the ulna nerve picking up the shocks on the finger all the way to the elbow to the armpit and to the neck.

[01:19:50]Very interesting. This I cannot explain this way and that'll be like giving you the focus of an EEG of um nerve conduction studies. Evoked potential.

[01:20:02]These ones are optic nerve functions.

[01:20:04]These ones are for the eyes visual visual evoke potential. We have the somato sensory evoked potential. We have the brain stem or D3 evoke potential and we have the M which is very interesting you know that you can specialize in just and not any other thing just and that is very lucrative they cash out a lot in that field it's a neurohysiology field and they do cash out a lot cuz I am interested in making money and I'm sure everyone here is so if you want my advice learn the EEG Learn the evoke potentials, learn the nerve conductions and if you have that time especially the men you have that time learn the M that is very gives a very beautiful work life balance and you make a lot of money.

[01:20:56]Now let's go on the skills and training pathways. As an undergraduate you should have a B um BSc in physiology or any neuroscience course or biomedical sciences. Sometimes they accept biological science finish which is a life science degree. Give me one minute my love. One minute my love.

[01:21:19]Postgraduate entry. You could also decide to have an MSE or PGD like um Mr. Dea said just have a PGD. It's better than going for a mast's. However, if you live in the UK or you have some sort of, you know, benefits of schooling in the UK, not schooling as an international student, I'm speaking in general now. If you have the benefit of schooling in the UK, but not as an international student, you have other pathways to gaining a master's degree in neurohysiology. One minute, my love, through an NHS scientist training program, which lasts for three years. You'll be paid as you work and you'll be attending classes.

[01:22:02]You work, you go to school and you're getting paid. So you are not missing anything. We're having the um you're having the time of schooling as time of experience also. So it helps your CV.

[01:22:16]You have to register with all the necessary bodies because you cannot work in a hospital without the necessary registration. They won't accept you. However, as an international candidate, you they might allow you to come into the country without the registrations, but you need to register within 6 months of arrival, which is very good. And as a neurohysiologist, they accept that. I don't know about any other physiology um field, but neurohysiology, they accept that, which is very good. All you have to do is start the process of registration before you arrive or before you even begin to apply for jobs. So that when you in your CV, you can put it there as in progress. and um because that's one of the criterias before they even pick you for the interview. So when they see in progress they still accept to listen to you know the CV is like um sugar attracting the ants and when the ants come closer and they taste the sugar now depends do they like it so they they accept you they filter you out of all the candidates accept you for the interview then you do the interview and they listen to you if you make sense and you sound like what they want then they accept. Now you need to now decide do you want to specialize in just EG, do you want to specialize in EG and something else or do you want to go into um M only? I my advice if you want to do M only just do EEG and stick to M. If you want to do EEG, don't stick to EEG only. The world is evolving. So do EEG and EMG in EMG or nerve conductions or do EEG and EMG and evoked potentials or you do EG and evoked potentials because as life goes on the job market is going to be asking for more than just EEG.

[01:24:01]Okay? Cuz EEG will eventually become like ECG that even the um HCAS healthcare assistants can do. Now the advanced practice my love just give me one minute. The advanced practice which is the higher specialist scientist training here in the UK are those that go on to doctoral levels that that's like the PhD in um neurohysiology and you become consultants in those roles.

[01:24:27]Some of these people are able to carry out EMGs like I said earlier on. Okay.

[01:24:35]Career opportunities. I've said so much about the opportunities or the benefits of working in the NHS directly or indirectly. However, the NHS is the public sector here in the UK. public sector in Nigeria is loot lawsuit um all the federal and state hospital that's the public sector and yes they open advertisement I think every two years or every 3 years or every year I don't know but just always look out in the newspaper they don't do the loud ones on social medias they do the aake ones the newspaper they know who know who so if you know somebody that knows somebody so always keep your ears out there and um they accept from entry levels in um the public sectors in Nigeria. In the NHS the entry level is a band five which is quite good and fair because the entry level for nurses is probably a band two or three. So yes, your pay will be substantial enough for you to live in the UK or do live in any part of the European countries.

[01:25:36]Um while as a scientist so there's a difference between neurohysiology technologists and scientists.

[01:25:42]Technologists are those of us that trained without having to, you know, go through the STP programs or the M's programs. So, we start from a band five.

[01:25:53]However, if you've already written the masters and all of that and you've got the experience of a number of years, there's a caps, you start from band seven, then you become consultant at a band eight. Okay. Um there are some departments that separate adult and pediatric neurohysiology. So you might see job applications that say pediatric. Pediatric pediatric is very interesting but it's very different from the adult. So they want people that have experience and actually know what they are doing because you cannot say oh you do EEGs on everybody you've done EEG for a number of years and they give you a pediatric EG recording and you say this is abnormal. You need to know these things. So pediatric is a very different specialty. Sorry, please give me a minute.

[01:26:52]I hope taking notes of what she's saying and preparing our questions down.

[01:27:08]Thank you very much, Mary. Is there another person? If you're still here, please react.

[01:27:14]Okay, good. Good. Very good.

[01:27:23]>> Please mute yourself.

[01:27:42]Okay. So everyone that is currently listening to me please as we go on I mean occasionally please check your mics in case you get unmuted so we don't disturb the lecture or class rather that is going on so others will be able to focus and concentrate.

[01:28:03]All right. Thank you so much. That's good.

[01:28:35]Okay, >> mommy's in the meeting. One minute, my love.

[01:28:39]>> Um, I don't know if my screen is still shared.

[01:28:43]Sorry about that. Um, hello.

[01:28:48]>> Yes, ma'am. We can hear you and see you clearly.

[01:28:50]>> Can you see my screen?

[01:28:52]Not the slide, but we can see you. We can see the slide.

[01:28:59]>> All right, let's share that again.

[01:29:04]Now, >> yes, my love.

[01:29:10]>> Yes, you did. Good girl.

[01:29:12]>> Yes, we can see you, ma'am.

[01:29:13]>> Thank you.

[01:29:15]>> All right, so um like I was saying, >> please let me finish this.

[01:29:21]>> Yes.

[01:29:22]Okay.

[01:29:46]All right then. So, um I think my time is nearly up.

[01:29:51]So I'll just move on and if we have questions we can always come back. So you know that you can work in the public sector, private, you can also be independent but that is a long journey and if you start now you can get to it before you know it. You can also work in research and um academia research includes working in pharmacies, medical um device companies, electrical clinical trials etc etc. Okay. So, let me just give you a day in my life as a physiology. So, you wake up in the morning, you go to work by 8:00. We have these morning handover meetings that we do. So, we check the referrals, check the patient list, we prepare our schedules for the day, and we start our clinic by 8:30. 8:30 we do the EEG clinics. We carry out about two to four EEGs and we report them all. So, you need to learn how to also write a factual report. Factual report just means writing what you see in the EEG.

[01:30:47]it's not writing a diagnosis or giving a final conclusion. Then you have lunch and then you go for the NCS clinics, the nail conduction clinics. In those ones, while you're doing the clinics, you're writing the report at the same time. And when you're done with all of these, you you give them off to the doctors. So you work hand in hand with neuro neurology doctors or neuroysiology consultants.

[01:31:09]Okay. So my advice for you all as neurohysiologists is to understand what the brain stands for and the nervous system. If you understand the connection and the link and all of that, it will just make it easy for you to pinpoint or you know when you start the trainings, it just make it easy to understand exactly what you're doing and why you're doing what you do. Get clinical exposure. Mr. Deal said it. So it's just like me repeating the same thing a million and one times, but I know we all heard him say it. Get exposure. I did that with my mentor Mr. Bankoli. I'm sure most of you know him at Loot. I did that with him. I did that also with Mr. Baramosi. You know, I was a jack of all trade. So, I did that with Mr. Baramosi for cardio. I did that with Mr. Bank for neuro. We were the first set to have this um um EEG beginners course at Loot. Then we were the um pioneer for that course and I feel so proud of it. It it was one of the certifications I had that um helped me in getting a job in the UK. I'll talk about that when we get to question and answers cuz my time is gone. I also did this parametric training with Dr. forgotten the name now but it was through Mr. But I'm seeing and um it was quite interesting because I was just doing follow follow carry anywhere they going I'm following I'm carrying I'm following I'm carrying anything I'm going even when Mr. says the job is maybe on the island. I am going. Oh, the job is an overnight job. I am asking my dad because I'm get inside daddy's girl. Daddy, I have to go. I am going. I to the extent of you know going to Lassuit for echo trainings and I went all the way to uyo because I thought my path was going to be in cardio eventually. I went all the way to the course that Mr. Debah mentioned. I did that. I only finished the first part. Before I was done with the first part, um they gave us what's it called now?

[01:33:18]What's this thing we do at the end of the year? Theis presentation. What's that called? I've gotten we were supposed to do something like I pick a case study and write a lot about it and get some, you know, echo diagrams and all of that. I was on that path before I moved to the UK. So yes, I was doing and doing and like Mr. said just keep doing keep moving and the world just has a way of you know realigning your steps and giving you what you want and don't forget be humble eventually so another thing I adise is choose your path I didn't choose a path it was the the universe God cuz I'm a god very good Muslim alhamdulillah Allah just decided that Nero is my path so I got the Nero job and I have been on that path ever since build your network join all these bodies is go for the meetings.

[01:34:10]Personally, I not go for any meeting. I not join anybody before I moved to the UK. It was when I went to the UK, I joined all these bodies and now the bodies are quite interesting. They have courses, they have programs, quite nice things that I attend and it's mostly virtual. So, I don't need to travel anywhere. I don't need to go anywhere. I do everything virtually. So, they know the name but they might not know the face cuz I'm a bit shy but not very shy.

[01:34:34]So, yes, that kind of thing. So, don't say, "Oh, I'm shy." So I don't want to go anywhere. I just give you an example of you know what you can do. Embrace lifelong learning.

[01:34:43]You cannot know it all. I am still learning. Some cases come and I'm like what is this? And I have to pick up a book and read about it. You learn every day. Listening to Mr. Leola. I learned a lot. I attend most of these things anonymously. Listen to them. We have the Vatakura course cuz I'm a co-founder of Vakura Healthcare. We have courses we do. I'm no longer on the cardio path but I learn every day. I'm taking courses even I'm teaching you courses in vital kura healthcare ecg.

[01:35:16]I am teaching you courses. So you see I haven't left my my base I'm using my base to make things happen for people to impact people's life you know then think globally for Egret is a certification that is accepted in America and if you have a breath you can apply for Canadian residency and then walk into getting seat which is the Canadian part of our breath make sense There are a lot of opportunities for neurohysiology. You just need to tap into it. Okay, I'm just moving on. I'm moving on. I'm moving on. So, with all of these few points of mine and my interruption on my beautiful little toddler, I am so sorry about that. I hope I have been able to, you know, share one or two things about becoming a neurohysiologist and um and I hope it really helps you in your journey. Don't forget neurophysiology is quite rewarding and it's not just rewarding. You know how AI is taking over everything and technology is doing everything and everything.

[01:36:23]Neurophysiology is actually an intersection between all of this. So trust me if you study neurohysiology you are not going to go out of date in the next 15 years. You will just keep um evolving. Thank you very much and it's always a pleasure delivering these pictures to you all. If I can begin to take your questions, I'll be happy to.

[01:36:48]>> Great. Thank you very much, ma. Thank you very much. That was very, very informative. You mentioned Dr. Badamosi, which means did you study aloo or you keen to do CS aloo?

[01:36:58]>> What's sorry?

[01:37:01]>> Oh. Uh it's like it >> Okay. Yes. So um I this is question and answer now. Yes. I can talk a bit more. So I what's >> just I'm just curious.

[01:37:13]>> Yes, I came to do it at Loot. So I studied at um Latech. We have one year IT program. So I went to Loot and I don't even know how you know you need to know someone to know someone. But I don't know how I got to know Mr. Badamasi cuz I just went to Loot and um I don't think it was Mr. Badamasi I knew. I think he was one of the profs in the medicine. I knew that now directed me to Mr. Bamosi to learn saying that is where physiologist go to. So I started training with Mr. Bamosi and we became you know he became my mentor from there.

[01:37:51]He when I told him I wanted to explore other branches he introduced me to Mr. Bada then also spyometry. So my one year at Loot I made sure I was all around and after that during the NYC period um I I think I was I was the platoon leader. So they asked me where do you want to be posted to and I was in Lagos. So as a plateau leader in Lagos and I'm asked where do you want to be posted to? I said loot. And so I got loot posting and then I just continued my journey that I already started at Loot and that was it.

[01:38:27]just kept going from there.

[01:38:31]>> Thank you very much. I've I've thought that in my brain. All right. So, someone asked this question.

[01:38:41]As a 200 level physiology student, the person is currently 200 level. Is there any EG train or situation program can take?

[01:38:53]>> Hello ma. Should I come again? as a 200 level. Say that again.

[01:38:58]>> Physiology students.

[01:38:59]>> Yes.

[01:39:00]>> Is there any EEG training or certification program that the person can take that I can take?

[01:39:07]>> Certifications.

[01:39:09]So I know activ is Mr. Mr. Bankoli. He does some EEG certification programs. So if you have any way of contacting Mr. bank or maybe contact your anchors here and they will share his contact with you. I think he does the course once a year. So you can reach out to him that is now. However, Vital Kura Healthcare would be starting the EEG programs very soon. You are still in 200 level. So definitely you still Oh my god.

[01:39:48]So you're still in 200 level before you get to 500 or before your graduation definitely Vakura would already start the EEG courses. We want to make sure that our courses can be verified even outside the country. So we're taking our time to set this up properly so that when you share our certificates with um your employers from any part of the world, it would be verified as being authentic. So, but for now, I know Activos does um you can reach out to your anchors and they should be a able to assist you. But regardless of that, it might be quite expensive for some people. You can begin to watch these courses online on YouTube. There's this guy on LinkedIn that I started watching even way before I became a neurohysiologist and now he's built his own EEG machine.

[01:40:41]So imagine me watching this guy right from when he started his journey till now that he's built his own EG machine.

[01:40:49]You should understand how much I must have learned from him without paying a dime. So you can learn from these people if you join these um platforms like LinkedIn. There are quite a number of people that post things on LinkedIn cases case studies basic things about EEG from you should start from somewhere you can learn from there before you move on to the big guys. Okay.

[01:41:13]>> Okay. Ma at least J noted so we should connect. Okay. For those on YouTube please keep your questions coming in.

[01:41:20]Feel free to ask questions.

[01:41:22]>> There's another question.

[01:41:24]>> No.

[01:41:25]>> Could you please talk about surgical neurohysiology?

[01:41:30]>> So surgicaliology >> is the one I mentioned as it's called >> intraoperative monitoring.

[01:41:40]So M they're basically part of the trauma team.

[01:41:46]When there are cases of trauma incidents and they go into surgery, they monitor the EEG, the brain activities to inform the doctors of changes that occur when they cut a nerve, when they give a form of anesthesia, when it gets to a level that the brain is too slow or the brain cannot take it anymore, when to stop, when to take a pause, when to move on.

[01:42:09]So, it's just like the what are those guys called that watch the ECGs? I don't think anybody would necessarily watch the ECGs because those ones just beep or something. I'm not sure, but I don't know so much about um ECGs in surgery. So, they are those guys. So, those are the M. Those are that's the one I said they really cash out. But don't forget in as much as they're making so much money in that field and it's quite friendly for balancing work and um family life is tedious. You can stand in the surgical room for 12 hours nonstop breaks of 10 minutes or 20 depending on how many assistants you have or how many neurophysiologists are in there. So it's quite tedious. So you should know what you're getting yourself into. Okay.

[01:43:00]Is there any other thing I can say about it? You don't perform surgery. I can see the question though. Does it mean you perform surgery? So no, you do not perform surgery. You just monitor the same way you monitor um as an outpatient that's doing the telemetry or the sleep or the routine, you monitor. But in this case, it's quite different because you're not monitoring just the brain.

[01:43:22]You're moni monitoring the whole nervous system. And you need to know so well about it. You need to know the interaction of the nervous system with some drugs and all of that. So once they put in the drugs or the anesthesia or the whatever, you need to know what should show. You need to know what the brain wave activities should change like. You need to know what the speed of the nervous system should be like.

[01:43:44]Things like that. You need to be very quick with your thinking and quick to advise your doctors to stop or to continue or to take a pause or to change the medication. So it's quite tedious mentally and physically.

[01:44:00]>> Thank you ma'am. So this is um relation to what you said earlier concerning the program EG program is going to start soon. So the person is asking how do we know when it starts?

[01:44:12]>> How did we start?

[01:44:15]>> No, how do we know when the program starts? The EG program is coming on. Oh, so the EG program for the next one, EEG or ECG?

[01:44:25]>> EEG. Personally, specify which of them, but you just said program. Yes, she said program.

[01:44:30]>> So, let me just say all the programs we're doing. So, for the ECG, we have the next one coming up in September.

[01:44:37]That one will be on all our platforms, the LinkedIn, the WhatsApp. We're not on um Instagram and Facebook. Those are social platforms. So we're not there yet. We're just on the professional platforms because it's quite um we have a particular target audience. Okay. So if you're on LinkedIn, follow us on LinkedIn at Gakura Healthcare Limited.

[01:45:03]Um your anchors would get all the information and they can share with you.

[01:45:08]So we always post on there and um yes, the ECG is coming up in September. The EEG like I said we have not started it now. We're still in the process of building it because we want our certificates for EEG to be accredited and verif um verifiable across the globe. We don't want people spending large sum and eventually not being able to use those certificates maybe in Nigeria or outside Nigeria. All right. when it's out, we'll let you know. And I'm sure we'll still keep contact with the beautiful anchors that are here and we'll share with them. So, if they have a platform where they share things with you guys, stay tuned. Stay connected to these groups. They'll help you. Okay.

[01:45:56]>> Okay.

[01:45:56]>> There's a question here that did my journey in Nigeria help me in shaping what I am doing in the UK?

[01:46:03]So my journey in Nigeria, yes he did because as a neurohysiologist we also have we also apply lead one ECG.

[01:46:16]So yes, my training in ECG helps me in neuro and also um when I'm writing my reports, the doctors here already see with my reports that this person has very good knowledge with cardio. So sometimes they even ask me what this is, what that is, what kind of waveform is this for ECGs. So yes, it did help in that aspect. And also don't forget Nigeria work sector is quite different from that in the UK. Nigeria work sector makes you smart.

[01:46:50]It makes you stay on your toes which is what you need when you're working outside Nigeria. Not necessarily street smarts but actual um mentally smart. So yes it did help in um shaping what I'm doing in the UK.

[01:47:10]Yeah it did.

[01:47:13]All right. Okay. So, it was mentioned that you did careers in in physiology, you did cardio, respiratory and neuro.

[01:47:20]So, the question is why did you choose neuro? Was it due to passion or the pay?

[01:47:27]>> Is it because of the pay or you like that the course you like the course better? Um, cardio is broad. H cardio is broad.

[01:47:39]Cardio is broad.

[01:47:42]In Nigeria, you cannot be just an ECG technician.

[01:47:49]It it's nothing.

[01:47:51]The pay is trash. The job market is very low. So, you need to know echo, you know, you need to do like echo cuz the nurses do ECG. So, you need to like know echo. You need to know other things. So that was why I was, you know, trying to do more in cardio. But I don't know because honestly, I would just say because I got a job in neuro. It's not like I chose anyone. It's not like I wanted to choose anyone cuz Nuro is also broad. So honestly speaking, I didn't want to choose. I was happy to do all. I didn't want to choose anyone. I was happy to do all, learn all of it, be pros, be a pro at all of it. But I just got a job in neuro. So I had to focus on neuro and I started to grow in neuro and I started to move up the band in neuro.

[01:48:44]So I'm like just stick to neuro then. So because even if I tried to move to cardio the question will be what's your work experience in the UK as a cardiologist. Cardiophysiologist and I didn't have any work experience as a cardioysiologist cuz experience is very key when you're working here. So, I just picked it because I got a job in it, but they're all quite interesting and very very good.

[01:49:13]>> Okay. Ma, there's another question.

[01:49:18]>> Is there between clinical Yeah, I can hear you.

[01:49:23]>> Okay.

[01:49:25]Okay. M ask the question.

[01:49:27]>> Okay. Is there intersection between clinical neurohysiology and neuroscience research? Can I function as both? I have been at the crossroad on this neuroysiology, neuroscience research.

[01:49:42]Yes, there is.

[01:49:46]But um you cannot be in both. You cannot function as both.

[01:49:54]I have a senior colleague here that would love to further a neuroscience research.

[01:50:04]However, he is a consultant neuroysiologist.

[01:50:11]So now he wants to sit back at home focus on family and life while you know venturing into neuroscience research.

[01:50:23]though he has written some papers in the past and some things in the past but he did that on the job. So that was like um clinical research. So it's not a broad neuroscience research, it's clinical neuroscience research. So you need to I don't know what best advice to give because you can actually just go straight into either either you just go straight into clinical neurohysiology or you go straight into neuroscience research. Both of them are very lucrative and they are very interesting. they have very good prospects as a physiologist.

[01:51:03]So you can pick one of that. But if you want to do both, I believe you'd need to gain experience.

[01:51:13]I don't know. Honestly, that would be very stressful doing both.

[01:51:19]It would be very stressful doing both.

[01:51:21]But honestly speaking, it depends on your strength and determination.

[01:51:26]You can do anything you want to. Nobody should tell you no, it's not possible.

[01:51:32]That's what I'll say. But there are two different ball games, but they are intertwined. They Yeah, that's all I can say. Does that answer your question?

[01:51:50]>> Hello.

[01:51:52]>> I believe you should have answered a question. Oh god.

[01:51:59]Okay, someone asked like is there a way to study and work in another country for example Italy?

[01:52:05]Yes, there's always a way. It's not only the UK. It's not only America. It's not only Canada. It's not it's not just these regions. There are job opportunities everywhere. What's the name of this country? Australia.

[01:52:20]Australia is getting a lot of people now. They're asking for so many now with good pay, good bonuses.

[01:52:29]So yes, you can. Where do you find these jobs? LinkedIn track.

[01:52:35]Where else? Indeed.

[01:52:37]You find the jobs there. Just put your region, the region you want to find the jobs and the job title. Just search, you find them. They don't use big names when they when they are putting up the job post. They use straightforward names.

[01:52:52]EEG technician or EEG technologist ECG or um clinical neurohysiology that's all so can >> okay ma ma there's another questions from YouTube this time around how can or rather how do I start my journey as a clinical physiologist after my BSc >> clinical physiology is broad Do you want to specialize in one or you want to be like me? Jack of all trades.

[01:53:26]You want to be like me like Mr. Dala said, volunteer.

[01:53:31]>> Volunteer.

[01:53:33]>> Cardiac.

[01:53:34]>> The person's niche. Yeah.

[01:53:36]>> Cardiac. So, um, if you have a diagnostic center next to you where you live or close to where you live and they do ECGs, walk into the place, volunteer.

[01:53:47]Just tell them that you are a you're an undergraduate. You want to learn, you live close by, you they will be inspired by that kind of energy because nobody does that and you don't want to be paid.

[01:54:01]You just want to come in and see and learn and they would accept you if they can. Just work for them. Change the sheets like you said, you know, get there early before the physiologist there or the doctor there or the nurse there. Respect them. tend to give less of your opinion about what they do because some of us like to feel like we're physiologists, we know it all and you want to start correcting the doctors. No, just stay on your lane and watch and learn. Ask questions.

[01:54:32]Ask questions all the time. Volunteer.

[01:54:34]That's it. Then when you're done with school, you volunteer. And if you volunteer in um public sectors, once there's a job opening, you find out and you apply, then you can get it. Sometimes the private sectors even have. So if you volunteer and you're humble, you can see some of these people assisting you with getting jobs in the private sector because there will be openings and it's a word of mouth thing once they in that field. Somebody tell somebody that tells somebody that they looking for somebody and they'll tell you. So volunteer is the is the start my dear volunteer.

[01:55:10]watch these programs on YouTube on the social media platforms and learn okay and attend these kind of programs.

[01:55:21]My in relation to what you just replied a question was asked the person is in 200 level physiology and he or she is asking that is it hope it's not too late to start working towards becoming a neurohysiologist or any other area of physiology and if so what can they do to start getting involved and working towards the goals >> all these things I said is how you can start >> exactly >> volunteer attend these programs most of them will be free.

[01:55:53]Most of them they can't pay you.

[01:55:57]Some might say they'll give you something for transport, but don't be bothered about the pay. Mr. Dala said this, just volunteer for a start. Let your parents spend that money now for a start. If you need to, you know, when you volunteer and you're in the program and they see your interest, they start pitching to you. Cuz it was while I was volunteering that they pitched to me.

[01:56:18]Oh, you know there's this course they do at UIO. I will connect you to somebody.

[01:56:23]They will explain it to you better. They will tell you how much it is. Let me know if there's any way we can assist you with the pay like that. Gradually, gradually you see yourself. Be humble.

[01:56:34]Like he said, be humble. Volunteer and you'll find yourself in places you never imagined.

[01:56:39]Then join these groups, these platforms.

[01:56:43]listen to these programs.

[01:56:46]Yeah, that's what I can say. Don't worry about networking or attending conferences. You can do them online remotely. Okay.

[01:56:57]>> Noted. Ma. All right. Ma, caniologist work remotely as in teley medicine?

[01:57:03]>> Yes, you can.

[01:57:06]But you need experience.

[01:57:09]So imagine you just graduated and you want to work remotely. It's not possible. So as an entry level you need clinical experience. You need substantial clinical experience. Not 5 years, not 10 years. You need substantial clinical experience.

[01:57:30]Substantial in the sense that you can now write reports. So you have studied clinical physiology of any form to consultant level. That's if that is your dream you know but if you want to work in tele medicine the best you can do as a physiologist it won't be a remote job per se you need to go to patients visit patients cuz I also I've done things I also worked in teley medicine it was called it is called moi health they are still very functional so I worked with them for a while in this situation you have to visit the patient and carry out the EEGs on them. So it's no longer remote. You are going to patient house. No. Or you are going to visit the patient wherever they are. So yes, that you can do. And if they have that kind of teley medicine advantage in Nigeria, yes, you can, but I don't think they do that in Nigeria. Now, the only people that benefit from working remotely on tele medicine are the doctors cuz they just have to see the patient over the phone or write a report online. That's it.

[01:58:48]Noted. All right. So, we have six questions left in the chat box, but I'll picking just three.

[01:58:55]I'm so sorry everyone due to time. Now someone is currently doing the IT presently in loot. What can he or she start doing now to build yourself in the journey of becoming a neurohysiology before graduating to make it easier? And what can you or should you do immediately after graduating to prepare for the opportunities abroad?

[01:59:15]>> Now that you're in loot, don't just go for your it because you have to be in it. Learn how to record, report, know the different if you are in cardio, know the different ECG types, the ECG on certain because there are some very common, you know, there are some very common abnormalities seen in EEGs and ECGs and all of that. Know the common ones.

[01:59:46]Building yourself or preparing yourself for the opportunities abroad. You just need to build yourself for yourself and for becoming who you need to be. Because let me tell you something about getting a job outside Nigeria. They don't ask you interviews. Interview questions that are hard or crazy or you know they don't ask you questions that you cannot answer. They ask you basic questions that they expect someone who has had if you say if their request is 3 years experience they just ask you basic question that they expect a three someone who has done this job for 3 years to know. For example, they show you an EG and say report this EEG. It's for you to say whether it's an awake or asleep EG and that's it. They know you know what you're doing. They show you something and they just ask you what do you think this is? They expect you to either know it or not know it with the number of years you claim to have had as their requirements. Maybe you tailored your CV to their requirements. So they expect that you should be able to answer the questions. And they, you know, the funny thing about their questions, they only ask you clinical questions, one or two clinical questions, and the rest is social questions. So while you're working at Luth, pickpoint on those characters, the socialization skills of the doctors. How do I explain this? What do you do when a patient comes in and the patient is aggressive?

[02:01:09]Learn what you're supposed to do and be kind. Learn whatever your team lead, your head of department says. Just know it. Be in it. Because these questions are just going to be life questions like natural questions. So there's no big preparation. Then like I said, just try to get yourself into one one or two of these regulatory bodies in the country of your choice. If you choose US, just make sure that you're already in preparation of writing your e bread or something for EGs. Um, just be on their list. You don't need to even write it yet. Just be on their list. If it's the UK, there's no exam.

[02:01:48]Those ones just have bodies like the ANS and the likes. Just be on their list, you know. You don't need to do too much.

[02:01:55]Just be on their list. Don't pay because you don't have the money. Except you have the money, you know, things like that. Just be on the list. Okay, that's the best I can say you should do.

[02:02:06]Be >> okay, ma'am.

[02:02:08]>> That's it. Thank you.

[02:02:10]>> Thank you. So, I believe this has answered the question from YouTube and also the person on level praying for opportunities abroad. Now, there's another question. What can a person interested in biotechnology?

[02:02:25]Okay, this is quite tricky. Let me read out the person wrote it. What can be a career for a person interested in bio techchnology but studying physiology?

[02:02:33]>> In biotechnology h studied physiology.

[02:02:40]If it's a he or a she, that's a very very good question and that's a that's a good path to take. You know, with the way the world is evolving, biotech is like the future.

[02:02:53]However, I really don't know the link between physiology and biotech.

[02:03:00]But I know someone who is a physiologist but in academia in research and now is into biotechnology.

[02:03:13]So maybe when you're done studying physiology, focus on the research aspect of physiology and find your way to biotech from there. Because if you decide to go neurocardial respiratory, I really don't see any direct link to bout, but I stand to be corrected.

[02:03:40]>> All right. Thank you very much, ma. Last question. This is going to be a two in one question. So the first part of the question is where can I get in contact with activos healthcare and I'm going to put it together and the list of places or rather website that you can get jobs >> activ like I said your >> your anchors the yourself miss herself >> you can say Miss Bumbi and the gentleman that's been in contact with me for a while now. They should be able to share that information with you.

[02:04:22]I want to believe at the end of this course, you should get a mail or a message, a thank you message or something with a list of all of these things to help you guys in your journey.

[02:04:29]So yes, that answers that question.

[02:04:32]Where can you find jobs? You can find jobs on job platforms, job search platforms. There are lots. We have Indeed, we have LinkedIn, we have track, we have NHS UK jobs, we have those are the ones I can remember now.

[02:04:54]But just type on Google whatever whatever job and it will bring out all the options even the ones that are sponsored.

[02:05:03]Okay. Does that help?

[02:05:06]>> Yes ma'am. It really does. It really does. And this is B part of the question. Your advice for someone who wants to specialize on epidemiology as a physiologist. Then >> epidemiology is another branch entirely which I am waiting to see someone or meet someone studying that or um in that field because it's different.

[02:05:32]It's like all in one because that's epidemic crisis study. So that's different. They have to study everything but they are not studying the diagnosis as a neuro as a cardio as a respiratory as a sleep. You are studying diagnostics.

[02:05:57]You are studying how to say this person has this condition. Let me be that lame.

[02:06:03]But epidemiology is different. You're studying how this um this virus or this thing can you know affect the whole nation. How we can cause a setback. What do we do? So that's like a different ball game. That's very different.

[02:06:21]it doesn't align with whatever I studied or whatever Mr. Debah studied. Okay. So that's a very different ball game. I'm sorry I can't help you so much with that. But that's a good path to take because the world is evolving. So we need to do better than just the norm that everybody is doing now.

[02:06:42]to biotech, epidemiology. Please, if you have interest in all of that and you're studying physiology, know that you have to do more study. You have to do more studying. You don't just stop at physiology to get there. Okay.

[02:07:02]Thank you. Does that help? Does that answer the question? Is it in public? It is in public health. Yes. So, you see Mr. already answered that you go for masters in public health. So it's in public health and I don't think we we should have bodies for physiology graduate in Nigeria. We have so many there are so many I see so many I see so many different WhatsApp platforms but you need to don't just dissolve yourself into them.

[02:07:39]You are there for networking. You're there for connecting. You are there for um gaining knowledge to know what to do next. Yeah. But there are no registered bodies that is recognized in Nigeria.

[02:07:58]Okay.

[02:08:04]Missy, I think that will be all for now.

[02:08:08]>> Yes ma'am. However, before I let you go, there's this particular question that is important for a lot of people that are interested in your story. So, >> after your BS in physiology, did you first obtain a master's degree before getting a job abroad or did you relocate abroad and then pursued further education?

[02:08:26]>> So, the truth of about this is how I did it is not how it happens. It's not the best way that works for everybody.

[02:08:35]you can finish your BSE now and get a job in the UK. That's why when I was presenting, I showed you different ways you can actually get the jobs in as neurohysiologist.

[02:08:45]So yes, you can decide to start applying for jobs immediately even before you're done with school. That's in your 500 level, final year, probably last semester. You can start applying for jobs, you know. Sorry, love. You can start applying for jobs knowing what your your GP CGPA will be. You can start applying for jobs and you will get a job a very good one that you go in as a band five. You can decide to take your time and write your masters here or decide to write your masters abroad.

[02:09:17]But writing your masters in the UK does not certify that you get a job in the UK. That I can tell you for sure. You might write your masters in the UK and not get a job as a physiologist in the UK. So don't say you are going to the UK to you know write your to have your masters done and then get a job automatically because you've been in the UK. No. All right. So you can decide whichever way you can even write your masters in Nigeria and still get the job and go to the UK. Okay. The one I was saying in my presentation is you know some people are citizens of the United Kingdom but they live in Nigeria.

[02:09:56]you can go to the UK and enter into the STP program. That way you can have your M's and work experience as two in one.

[02:10:07]That was the one I was explaining. So they're very different ball games. So just depends on what works for you.

[02:10:15]Don't start late. Don't start. There's nothing like starting too early, but don't don't think you're starting too late, too. If you are in school now and you want to start applying now and this is your final year, start applying. You cannot start applying in 200 level. You cannot start applying in 300 level. You need to be in your final year. Okay? So that it makes sense that when you're done then you're already in the job and that's if you also had um work experience as an IT student. So that's why I say volunteer even if you have to volunteer after school every day so that your number of years of volunteering increases. So if you did your IT for 6 months but you keep going there even after the six months till you graduate that will be one and a half year experience that you have in your record which is good and you keep volunteering for about 6 months to have two years experience and your your CV is strong and you can apply for jobs. Don't forget volunteer. It's never too late.

[02:11:16]Volunteer and it's not too early.

[02:11:21]>> [snorts] >> I can't thank you enough ma. Thank you so so much.

[02:11:25]>> You're welcome.

[02:11:26]>> Thank you everyone for listening. That was very very very insightful session.

[02:11:31]On behalf of the span sorry on behalf of span southwest region zund. I sincerely appreciate you for taking the time to share such val experience with us.

[02:11:41]>> Thank you >> to our participants those on zoom and even on YouTube. Thank you for your attendance. Thank you for engaging and thank you for asking questions.

[02:11:50]We look forward personally I look forward to seeing you at the next session.

[02:11:55]Thank you everybody. We've come to the end of our day two webinar. Sorry, day two of our 3-day webinar. Please be here tomorrow.

[02:12:07]Thank you everybody for joining us.

[02:12:10]You can now leave the call. Thank you very much ma once again.

[02:12:16]Have a lovely night.

[02:12:22]>> Thank you.

[02:12:32]Oh, it's