Precision nutrition is a science-based feeding approach that provides the right nutrient to the right animal in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost, maximizing nutrient use efficiency while minimizing waste and greenhouse gas emissions. For sustainable indigenous cattle farming, this approach requires considering breed, age, physiological status, production level, feed quality, and environmental conditions. Key strategies include phase-wise feeding across different physiological stages (calf, pregnant, lactation, transition period), using feed analysis for precision ration formulation, implementing area-specific mineral mixtures, and utilizing natural feed additives like Moringa oleifera and Haridhara to improve hematological health and reduce methane emissions. This integrated approach enhances productivity, profitability, animal health, and reproductive performance while promoting climate-smart and sustainable livestock production.
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON Sustainable Indigenous Cattle Farming (online Mode) 20-22 July, 2026
Added:Welcome all again.
Now we are going to uh proceed towards the lead lecture session four and uh the first lecture is precision nutrition strategies for sustainable uh indigenous cattle farming and the speaker for this lead presentation is Dr. Mono Kumar Aar Chief uh Theatic Program Executive Animal Nutrition and Climate Action BF Uri Kan Pune. Sir, I welcome you here in national seminar organ uh national seminar on indigenous cow um organized by Ajida Power uh indigenous cattle research comparing center. Uh so I welcome you and I request you that you proceed towards your presentation.
>> Sure sir. So thank you so much sir. Uh first of all I would like to convey my sincere thanks to the organizers for giving this an opportunity to present uh my lead paper on very important aspect because you know that livestock industry is the biggest one and then in livestock development program most important thing out of three important things is the animal nutrition. So precision feeding is equally important. So just I will give you my brief introduction. So I'm Dr. Manoj Kumar Aare. Uh I'm animal nutritionist of BIFF and working since last 20 years in BIFF. Earlier I had work experience with almost four years in Wenis in Uttar feeds private limited as an assistant general assistant production manager then Hindustan feed and totally around 24 25 years experience is in the field of animal nutrition. So right now I'm working as chief thematic program executive for animal nutrition and climate action theme shin bias and uh looking after the different uh you know research projects sponsored by Indian as well as uh foreign funding contributors and sponsors. uh even apart from that I'm looking after the uh product development then you know fitting trials then climate change and climate action so right now also I'm implementing two international projects sponsored by the cornal university and I'm working on the red methane mission from entry commentation so likewise this is just uh I mean brief introduction about myself so without wasting time I will start my presentation because considering in time limit. So I will share my screen. Yeah, just a minute.
Uh is my I mean window visible?
My PPD visible?
>> Yes sir, it is visible.
Okay, sure sir. Sure. Just a moment.
not getting an option of hiding it right away.
Okay. Nevertheless, yeah. Uh so welcome to this session important session and topic on the precision nutrition strategies for sustainable indigenous cattle farming. So actually you know that uh this is the scenario of why indigenous catalyst important because you know that it is very well adopted breed and then again as for the local climate agroclimatic conditions those breeds indigenous breeds can sustain the stress as well as drought condition and even they can digest the poor quality feed resources as well with minimal management cost. So that is what the pecularity. Then second important thing that you know they possess a strong resistance to many of the endemic diseases and parasites because nowadays in case of crossbreed and even elite animals most important problem is related to uh disease resistance and kind of thing because they're very susceptible to those diseases. Apart from that yes they are also providing different products including milk manual drop power and most important thing that regular income is being generated because nowadays you can see that which kind of adulteration is going on into the market and based on that now people are realizing that why indigenous breeds are important and how quality of that milk is important. So likewise figures and facts are in front of you that 142 million indigenous breed or cattle is lying with our livestock population of 535 million. So you can imagine that how much it is contributing to the agricultural gross value added and even GDP and kind of thing and why indigenous cattle matter most important thing climate resilance disease resistance multiple benefits and economic contribution and of course it is making this business as a self-sustainable model. So likewise this is what the importance of you know indigenous breed and you can see those pictures because I have I mean taken most of the pictures from uh field visits also. So you can see this kind of situation we are observing it is indicating that because of you know lack of awareness or lack of resources those small holder farmers they are not able to f their animals properly and that's why they are not in a position to encatch an opportunity of you know getting getting their milk potential. So that is not the scenario right now. So considering this what we should do we should do because these are the challenges you know that most categorized wise I have categorized in two categories number one is the general challenges and another one is nutritional challenges so in general challenges yes poor reproductive performance I would like to share an example of my survey which I have conducted under ICP program of ICR so you can imagine that more than 30 to 35% cases have been observed for you know anistrous conditions. So likewise repeated then abortion those are the conditions which were observed pan maharashtra. So likewise in India also in throughout the part of the country there are different reproductive failures reasons may be different but that is one of the challenges. Another important challenge is feed and for scarcity. Yes, of course data is indicating that around 65 to 67% is the shortfall in you know availability or requirement of the speed and sorry green fer apart from that around 25 to 27% is the shortage of the dry fer likewise there are tweed and for shortages or scarcities throughout India and even if we if you talk about marashka so that is very common because marasha is very vast area it is divided in different aggroclimatic zone. So you can see the scenarios within one region also you can see the condition like drought condition like you know uh very green condition. So likewise these are the one of the challenges. Another important challenge is low milk productivity and quality because again you know that genetics component is also equally important in one of the general challenges because lack of awareness is the major factor and that is why that small farmer is not adopting different kind of you know genetical tools. So for example genomic selection then sexed semen. So again it will take certain era or time to go for these this kind of you know adop adaptations and adoptions of the different technologies but that is also one of the challenges that raw milk productivity as well as quality of the milk is also concerned. Another important aspect or vertical is the nutritional challenges. So within nutritional challenges there are too many birds but I have categorized in three basic categories that is poor quality feed resources mostly in Indian conditions crop residue feeding is very common because it is easily available and based on that again you can imagine that those crop residues are not good enough to provide the proper nutrition but unfortunately because of you know lack of water water availability then another important thing lack of awareness and lack of input for growth.
countryable fer. So that is what the scenario which we are observing and that is why poor quality feed resources is the one of the challenges. So again there is a possibility that how we can enhance those you know poor quality feed resources. Yesterday only I had you know uh uh I mean recording for the durian where I have straightly mentioned different methods and you know treatments for enhancing the poor quality feed resources. So that is what the need of time actually and that is very much essential. Another important factor is imbalanced nutrition. Yes, of course. Because if you see an example of Maharashtra in case of Marat and Vidharba, you know that there is different feeding practices. There are different feeding practices in western Maharashtra. It is different. Why it is so? Because of based on the availability of the raw material. Second important thing awareness of the farmers and illiteracy. And that is why what the reason which is making imbalanced feeding for their livestock. So that is also one of the biggest challenges. And another important thing that is climate change impacts. Of course you can imagine because my specialized uh activity one of the specialized activities is the climate change and climate mitigation and climate actions to be uh taken. So likewise climate change change change impact is one of the very major challenges because it is ultimately related to entric fermentation and that is why it is related to nutritional challenges. So definitely we will talk later about this one as well. Now considering all those hurdles all those challenges what we should do we should think for a concept like precision nutrition. See I remember when I joined Wenis in 2002. So at that time you know that uh when I was discussing with the manager then production team and then taking feedback from the marketing team. So at that time it was very much essential at that time also that what is precision nutrition.
So that is very common in for but what about the large nominals particularly cattle and buffalo because most of the organized dairy farmers they are managing their her by precision nutrition providing proper nutrition but what about the small holders in most of the small holders they indigenous cattle. So that is what the challenge in front of us and accordingly and and accordingly we will have to manage the precision nutrition. So what is precision nutrition? So straightly it's a science based feeding approach that provide the right nutrient to the right animal in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost and that is what is straightly maximizing the nutrient use efficiency plus making it it cost effective and maximizing the sorry wasting minimizing the food wastage and trying to avoid the nutrient losses and of course that is an effect that greenhouse gas emissions will also be reduced. So that is what the precision nutrition. This is not any kind of you know miracle and kind of thing. Whatever availability is there based on that we will have to add it or use it precisely and that is what the precision nutrition and that is what it is written that is uses of rest and balancing program then middle supplementation use of artificial intelligence then IoT then variable sensors needs etc etc then what are the benefits of these you know precision nutrition so there those are most important thing improved feed efficiency and of course it is affecting the milk production then second is better reproductive performance and animal health. Of course, once you are improving the feed efficiency ultimately which is affecting the digestibility then improving their you know immunity and those are the reasons that they are getting you know better performance in terms of reproduction also because they are getting proper nutrients, proper minerals in balanced condition and that is what it is correlated with each.
Another important benefit is reduce feed cost. Of course, because sometimes you know that because of lack of awareness or because of lack of inputs, generally those farmers are feeding as per their recommendation not as per scientific community recommendation and that is why it is increasing the cost and not getting that much benefit in terms of productivity enhancement. So ultimately it is reducing the fuel cost and material emission and most important thing making this business as a sustainable and climate smart indigenous cabin farming and that is what very much essential in precision feeding. Now what are the different factors to be considered while you know making a concept of precision nutrition most important thing breed which kind of breed is rearing that farmer or anyone else then age of that animal then physiological status. Yes, of course.
Same thing is happening here or we to implement here that we cannot you know give same right to each and every category of the animal but as per their physiological status at least we can categorize in you know some sort of categories that I will tell you later on in upcoming slides. Another important factor is production level. Of course based on the production otherwise you know that uh you are having 8 to 10 cows and you are giving same diet and quantity to all those 8 to 10 cows then that will not be useful and that is what another important quality factor one of the factors is the feed quality. Yes, of course. Which kind of feed you are feeding to your animal and no doubt environmental conditions because it is varying that stress factor is also equally affecting the productivity and that's why we are recommending that environmental conditions based feeding practices should be followed. Now here it is an explanation why precision nutrition is required. What are their advantages and how to achieve precision animal nutrition? See actually when I wrote that article and send it to the organizers so based on that I have made a presentation but I have I have you know tried to amalgamate the my knowledge as well as field experiences this is not a theoretical kind of thing and that's why based on our field experiences I have tried to incorporate those points only most important thing why precision nutrition is required the most important thing is the improvement improve nutrient use efficiency See actually because of proper residue based feeding practices there are chances of you know improper utilization of the nutrient. So that's why we have to improve through precision nutrition.
Then reduces feed wastages reduces feed cost minimizes environmental impact. Now what are the advantages? It increases the productivity and performance of course because when you are going to follow this precision feeding including ration balancing and all those tools and kind of thing even treatment of the poor quality of so it is affecting the increased productivity and performance that is what very much important for the small order as well as any kind of milk producer. Then another advantage is improve the feed conversion efficiency.
See there are different you know proven theories and even researchers are also proven it that there are different techniques and methods because of which there will be feed conversion efficiency efficiency improvement and of course we should follow the same can enhance animal health and reproduction obviously once you are improving the nutrition because already they are having genetic potential you need to just enhance their nutritional aspect and based on that they can enhance the animal health and reproduction as well and most important after following this precision feeding where we are going to incorporate antimanogenic feed supplements like dora so definitely there will be reduction in the greenhouse gases emission that is very biggest and broad subject but I will just trying to tell in very brief another important thing how to achieve this precision animal nutrition so most important thing that's face feeding according to the production stage because in later slides you can see in detail but here as a summary I'm sharing that is Face feeding is very much essential because you know it's a physiology number one. Number two, of course, phase wise feeding will enhance you know actual requirement fulfillment and accordingly output in terms of meal production as well as preparation for next lactation. So that is what importance of phase fing precision ration formulation using feed analysis.
Generally in Indian conditions no one is going to you know follow the tweet library assessment and based on that then precision formulation that is a practical problem but definitely researchers and extension workers like us will come will have to come forward and ask those farmers to follow this field formulation based on the feed analysis. I would like to give an I would like to give an example of say for example uh one of the important precedious projects which I'm implementing at bias. field library establishment project which has been sponsored by Cornell University. So you can imagine that I have collected more than 1200 field photo samples from Pan Maharashtra and based on that again we are we are establishing field library and first time in India it is going to be happened that each and every feed ingredient will be analyzed for 60 different parameters. So you can imagine starting from macro elements to micro elements to everything we are going to analyze and that is what first time will be happening in India. So that is why it is essential that precision generation formulation by using feed analysis should be there. Another important thing automated feeding and sensor based analysis. Yes of course particularly for the organized farm we are recommending and out of that again you know that most of the farmer they are getting results as well. Another important thing is the continuous simulation of and diet adjustment. See actually that cow during the lactation of 300 days. So what she is doing she is going through different phases and accordingly we will have to calculate rediet of that particular animal and that is the way to achieve the precision animal nutrition. So last point is also equally important that is continuous evaluation and diet adjustment. It doesn't mean that once you formulating the diet will longlast forever. So that is what the uh important one. Uh sir just for information am I audible to all of you?
Because it is network is showing fluctuation. Am I audible?
>> Yeah. Yeah. Audible.
>> Okay. Okay. Thank you so much. So likewise these are the three important aspects. Why precision nutrition is required? What are the advantages and how to achieve precision nutrition animal nutrition? Now what are the steps of the precision animal nutrition?
Because theoretically it is easy but practically it is bit difficult and that is why role of veterinarians, role of animal nutritionist, role of extension workers is now being implemented over here. The first step is nutrient requirement assessment.
See actually you are having whatever number of animals with you. So we will have to assess animal which kind of breed what is the composition of the milk what is the quantity of the milk based on that what are the feed resources available with the farmer or milk producer you will have to analyze that feed or at least go through a data or feed library where you can see the different parameters nutritional content of that feed accordingly you have to formulate a ration which should be cross check with the animal nutritionist and based on that monitor the performance accordingly most important thing evaluation of the BCS see actually body condition score is equally important it doesn't mean that too much of the body condition score or lean body condition score will help you no so definitely monitoring part is also technically important and adjust diet see based on the BCS because there is a possibility that sometime because of you know malpractice of the farmer malpractice of you know itself an individual animal. So there are chances that you know miscalculated diet may get to that animal and which is affecting the BCS sometime overweight sometime underweight. So at that time monitoring is equally important and you have to adjust the diet. So after doing or following this then it will optimize the feed efficiency and improve the productivity. So first step is nutrient requirement assessment and obviously it will reduce the nutrient losses as well.
So first step is very much important in which data related to individual animal data related to available feed resources and data related to monitoring of that animal after ration balancing is equally important. Now next step is free resources assessment. Actually here also I would like to share one example. There are different methods and techniques of free resources assessment. Even I have implemented one of the very prestigious projects in the year 2015 itself in collaboration with ILRI International Livestock Research Institute. They were sponsored as well as the implementing partners as well co-artners. So I have implemented their project in three different states. We have used different tools for feed resources assessment but strictly what you can do that assess feed quality through laboratory analysis. Say weight chemistry is most important factor for us. There are too many laboratories individual personal I mean laboratories are available. Laboratories with bio is also available. Say for example we are giving very at cost red to the farmers where we are having chemical laboratory under bio analytical laboratories where you will get a possibility of getting you know feed for resources for their approximate principle for their minerals. So likewise animal department is also having their laboratory but the thing is there should be a facility to test those field resources. uh one of the important techniques is near infrared spectroscopy technology. No doubt no doubt nowadays it is increasing and you know it is getting available in field conditions as well. So that small mini model is also available into the field conditions which you can use mobile kind of thing. Another important thing evaluate nutrient composition of different persuas and byproducts. Develop a precision feeding ration using feed analysis, mobile testing units and digit uh digit feed based database. And another thing is improved nutrient use efficiency for higher productivity and profitability.
Just as to summarize this slide of course following feed resources for their assessment either of the means in terms of laboratory support in terms of mobile mobile laboratory support or news technology you should assess that available feed resources based on that utilization of indigenous feed resources. See actually instead of you know because I have tried to just give some of the uh representating I mean peaks but try to understand that maximize use of local feed resources to reduce the cost. For example in case of marat and via there are too many crop residues which are available. Say for example cotton stock which is easily available but unfortunately technically it is having very high li content and making liosic bond and which is making hardening of that stock and not palatable not digestible. So what we can do we can give them because recently we have published a data and you know that we have successfully conducted that project sponsored by RGSTCA in VRA and western Maharashtra as well. So we have treated that cotton stock with ozone treatment because of which their digestibility have been enhanced up to 65 to 70%. But apart from that we have utilized as a feed resource and we have used it in complete feed and after feeding those complete feed we have received excellent results in terms of improved productivity and health as well. So such kind of examples I can give you. There are too many raw I mean unconventional kind of raw materials which are available which you can use in feeding of the animals. Then conserve quality fer yes of course silage is a big industry now. So that is what very much essential and important I will not go through in detail because everyone knows. So silage is also one of the important technologies which you can use for indigenous feed resources. Another important thing upgrade feed value. Yes, there are different techniques and methods basically physical, chemical, biological and combination of all these are the three basic categories where water also I mean dry and wet methods are available. So these are the different examples. I will not go in detail but such kind of you know technologies and interventions you can use and upgrade the feed value of poor quantity crop residues which are available with the farmer and that is why I'm focusing that utilization of indigenous feed resources which are available at the doorstep of the farmer.
Another important thing is the improve feeding efficiency. There are too many I mean feed supplements which you can use.
Say for example different cultures are available even uh institute like VNIT because generally we used to make tie up with such kind of you know research faculties where we can conduct different trials and we are implementing those output in biosk field conditions. So likewise it is essential to you know improve the feeding efficiency by using different supplements. There are different enzymes which are available in the market or with the research institutes. Even Mafu is also working on that but unfortunately that you know dissemination at the field level is a challenge and then we need to discuss and share that how we can disseminate it into the field conditions. The fourth method uh I mean uh the step is precision resin balancing because up till now we have analyzed the requirement of the animal we have assessed the feed quality then we have tried to improve the feed quality by different methods and techniques. Now question how to make the rest and balancing by using precision method. So yes of course there are different techniques which you can use straightly animal nutritionist can formulate their diet animals diet. Then another important thing because of these methods because you know that there are different softwares there are different methods there are different algorithms which you can use by using the locally available feeding sources.
For example, NDB is also providing software to the farmers. There are too many actually. So even National Institute of Animal Nutrition Physiology, they have made us use friendly you know chart kind of ration balancing card where you can adjust the available feed resources and you can then it will calculate the actual diet of that animal. So such kind of different models are available. Only thing is that you have to utilize it by applying your knowledge with the help of available feed resources. Now it will improve the feed efficiency and increase the milk yield up to the extent of 10 to 20%. Yeah, it is proven one because ration balancing itself contributing 20 to 25% enhancement in the productivity.
Again it will reduce the field cost of course because many times it is happening that because of lack of knowledge or nonavail availability of the different uh you know ingredients farmer is using regular feed and foder which is causing more cost and most important thing that is computerized ration formulation. Yes, through veterary services, dairy cooperatives earlier told by me those are available into the market which you can use for our farmers and promote climate smart and sustainable livestock production that is what very important because community based adoption and extension support what does it mean every I mean every point I am trying to give an example of bio I'm not promoting any activity of the buyer but I'm just sharing which is very really good and useful Here for the last point example of you know different FPOS particularly in Nasik area what we did as a part of adoption strategy to reduce the methane emissions we have created patented technology of you know slurry filtration of the biogas model because I work and handle bioprom and bioertilizer as well as vermic compost unit biogas unit for almost 16 And with the help of hard efforts from my team, we could achieve two patents.
So out of that one patent is for the slurry filtration. And by using that slurry separated water, we have again got another patent to produce liquid organic fertilizer. And by using that liquid organic fertilizer and dunke, we are producing biologically treated phosphate organic manure by adding rock phosphate. So which is ultimately reducing the methane emission because of proper D manual management. Second important thing it is reducing the cost of chemical fertilizer because 100% DPIP can be replaced. So that technology we are making it scalable at community level with the help of FPOS and different SSGs. So that is what very important step in precision resency as well that which kind of any kind of adoption or technological interventions is there you will have to adopt it into the field conditions with the help of different foss or communities. So that is what the fourth stage or first step.
Now precision feeding across different physiological status of the states of the animal because earlier I told you we cannot offer same diet to each and every animal. So that is why it is essential to provide such kind of precision nutrition based on the different phases and physiological stat states. So particularly you can see three four points I have mentioned here that nutrient requirement it is changing from age to age as well as physiological stages of those animals. Another important thing that feeding should be tailored for different purposes. Breeding then growth then pregnancy then lactation phase wise feeding then for dry period etc etc. And no doubt that stage wise or stage specific nutrition it optimizes the health productivity as well as the reproductive performance of that animal.
Now we will see that which kind of precision feeding should be followed as per the different physiological states.
So starting from birth. So no doubt that cough stage is very essential and important one. So friends everyone knows why colostrum is essential but it is essential to you know aware that farmer instead of you know using it for their own consumption particularly colostrum he should give that colostrum to their calves because ultimately it is it will you know become uh later an adult cow where immunity matters a lot and colostomy is the source of immunity. So likewise these are some sort of example even milk replacer. Yes of course because milk replacer technology have already shown that ultimately 40% to 45% cost can be saved by avoiding direct milk feeding instead of that you can provide milk replacer. So such kind of interventions you can you know promote through different farmers. Another important thing c startle. Of course, instead of giving some sort of concentrate ingredients like cake or de oil cake, you can straightly ask that farmer to provide you know c starter maybe from reputed feed manufacturer or maybe from cooperative dairies but that c starter should be of quality and uh I mean any kind of toxic free as well as fungal growth free. So such kind of you know intervention is equally important and most important thing that growth monitoring because what I'm observing into the field conditions because I'm moving in 19 states across India but what I'm observing that in within same state within same reason there are different you know different chances that growth rate is more varying from place to place why it is so because most important thing nonfollowing of the proper nutritional aspects or feeding practices. So growth monitoring is equally important and for which you have to you know teach that farmer how to measure the body weight then how to calculate the average daily gain total body weight gain. So it is very much essential to promote that farmer to keep a record of feed intake, health status, growth rate etc. Because ultimately it will affect overall performance of that calf then which will be become becoming hea and then adult cow. So it will also help veterinarians and nutritionists like us to you know formulate a diet for those animals. So that is what cal stage now he first stage. So yes of course because you know that proper achieving the targeted you know I will tell you it again is ranging from 6 to point8 depend on the breed and we will not go in figure and fact because ultimately it is ving from rate to breed but main important thing that achieving targeted you know body weight growth so as to maintain the attended puberty and breeding is very much essential. Another important thing and then how will you achieve that? By following the proper calf stage feeding by I mean earlier I have told you in earlier slide. Then another important thing maintain optimum growth rate growth rate. Yes sometime it is possible because of lack of aess or cost affect cost effectiveness that underfeeding may be possible which is ultimately affecting delay puberty.
Third, we are observing through different you know pups fieldworking states that age at first coming is varying from area to area and based on the feeding practices. So it may be possible that underfeeding or overfeeding is also observed. So you'll have to avoid that one. Then provide balanced protein. Yes, adequate crude protein because see that there is requirement of different ammonia acids and which will support the li tissues as well as skeletal group because you know that this is very much essential that quality protein should be provided and that is why some players or marketing I mean cattle feed manufacturers they I mean manufacturing specialized feed for the keepers as well rather what farmer is doing he just feeding either of take to that keeper which is affecting wastage of money, wastage of time and based on that again getting not puberty on time and those are the reasons because of uh nonachieving of the growth rate. So hence provide balanced protein is equally important. Then ensure mineral and vitamin supplements we will go in detail later on but adequate supply of different you know macro and micro minerals is essential those are required for different functions of the body as well as reproduction. See every time I used to say because of mineral mixture supplementation milk is not improving.
Yes. But ultimately it is improving the reproduction and as a result of it it is enhancing the milk productivity and even making consistency. That is why indirect correlation. Another important thing monitor body weight and body vious body condition score. Yes of course it is essential. Earlier also I told you because so as to attend the puberty it is essential. Then improve lifetime productivity. Yes, efficient growth.
Then earlier age at first coming then enhancement field potential and most important thing that more than 70% is the feeding cost. How we can reduce it.
So we should focus on that point as well. So these are the examples of the heer feeding. Now next stage of physiology is the pregnant cow particularly lactating cows we are talking about. So yes there is you know increased demand of the energy protein and some sort of minerals as well. Why particularly even during pregnancy for last trimester it is essential for healthy fetal fetal growth as well as calming as well. So now in this we have to follow strictly follow three different phases. Number one is the early lactation phase which may be considered from 0 to 100 days. Then mid lactation stage 100 to 200 days and late lactation more than 200 days. See actually physiologically because peak meal production is there during early lactation. Obvious because most of the time after getting animal conceived there are chances that because of different deficiencies that animal may get in negative energy balance which is ultimately affecting you know low feed intake. So we should focus how to improve the palatability and you know that eager to consume the feed. So accordingly we should add our feed supplements. Another important thing during that period of first step early lactation there is a peak milk production. So we need to take care that it should not get reduced and at the same time simultaneously that cows should also get nutrient apart from nutrient requirement for the milk production. Another important thing is nutrient dense ration which will highly be digestible energy. What does it mean?
Say for example certain bypass protein and bypass fats particularly those are being used for the not for the indigenous animal it is required but if that animal is building more than 15 liter then definitely bypass nutrients are essential otherwise just there only those cows who are having in negative energy balance should provide the bypass protein and bypass fat particularly. So likewise we should take care of early lactation. During middle lactation also there is you know improved feed intake and that we will have to take care. We should fulfill the requirement of the feed intake and no doubt sustainable field is there and accordingly body is in a phase of you know restoring the different nutrients through balanced nutrition because this is the phase where animal tries to uh you know regain those nutrients which have been lost in first phase. Another important stage is the late lactation. Yes, more than 200 days. So that is what very important one that rebuild the body condition before the dry dry period because ultimately it's a practice in dry period that farmer generally don't allow their animals to give proper nutrition which is very wrong. So based on our recommendation we should recommend that farmer. Yes during that trimester we should take care of proper you know feeding management. Then avoid excessive fat deposition because there is a possibility because fat deposition indicating uh you know next upcoming reproduction cycle particularly you can see that repeat breeding problems may be observed abortion may be observed maybe from different reasons but particularly anistress and repeat binged those are the common you know outputs as an as a result of excessive fat deposition then prepare cow for the next lactation. So this slide is very much essential and important that we should take care of pregnant cows and follow diet based on their requirement in the last trimester.
Now this is also equally important you know concept that is transition period.
What do you mean by transition period?
Because many of the time you know organized farmers or any farmer they are asking about the what is the transition period and how to achieve it or how to manage it the most important thing. So that's why I have tried to give it graphical presentation. So before 21 days of the carving and after 21 days of the carving that period is called as the transition period straightly right. So why we will have to focus during that period because it is a again you know that cow is going from passing from three different you know stages physiological stages during this transition period and so as to adopt to new transition period or new phase that cow will have to be taken care for the proper nutrition. So that is why it is very much essential to take care during this transition period. Now what are the major changes during transition? So number one earlier also I told you there will be dramatic because ultimately that uh you know I mean uh feed requirement is reduced because of different I mean negative energy balance and all those physiological stress conditions etc etc. So during that period transition period there is a chance that decreased dietary intake will be there because of decreased feed intake and accordingly there will be increased nutrient requirement right at the why it is so because of increase or I mean because of milk then negative energy balance that is a very common you know change we are observing and another important observation is the or change is the high metabolic stress Because there are again chances because of different mineral deficiencies there are chances that metabolic disorders also can be observed particularly in western maraka case what I observed because of practice of feeding you know shoins there are always deficiencies of the calcium mil favor is very common in western Maharashtra where is the b where farmers are feeding the sugar toss. So definitely we should take care of that you know all these changes and accordingly based on these changes what we should do that just a moment. Yeah.
So based on that we have to plan for the precision nutrition during the transition period. How will you achieve this one? Number one maintain room health. How by giving adequate source of the fiber as well as effective forages to support room function. Say for example practically it is bit difficult to get you know everywhere best quality f but for example b is also having different varieties b&H 10 11 26 etc 14 26 why we are recoming those varieties because many times it is possible that m may not get available throughout the year because of different reasons then uh there are different worm infestation so it is our responsibility to take help of nutritionist and calculate the diet in such a way which will provide an assurance to get adequate fiber source as well as effective quality of the powder. Another important thing that is second step how that is balanced minerals. See actually you know that mineral mixture starting from birth of the animal till death of the animal mineral mixture is required. So it is a very vast I mean theory and subject. So I will not go in detail but mineral is equally also important as a part of nutrition precision nutrition during transition period. Another important thing minimize negative energy balance. Five is provide energy density to the uh animals so that there will be reduction in metabolic stress. How will you achieve this? By using bypass fat. There are different kinds of bypass fats which are available in the market or straightly you can just add some sort of edible fat in animal diet as well. Fourth step prevent ketosis. Yes, this ketosis is very common and one of the important metabolic disorders. So how to prevent this? By balancing the energy and proper nutrient supply to support liver function. Some sort of you know uh liver tonics are also recommended in highly affected cases. Another important thing strengthen immunity. How to strengthen that immunity? So particularly antioxidants like vitamin E and selenium those can reduce the risk of you know postpartum diseases. So that is what the indication if you are providing quality mineral mixture where care can be taken that macro minerals micro minerals plus antioxidants plus vitamins can be fulfilled then it will resolve the problem of all these aspects or challenges and most important thing better performance yes higher milk yield improved fertility and faster recovery.
So based on your improved precision nutrition during transition period then there will be achievement of better performance of that animal. So overall outcome is what better health then smooth transition from one phase to another phase because of improved feeding practices higher milk production and accordingly improved reproductive performance. So those are the important achievements you can say or outcomes which you can follow at a farmer's doorstep by following the precision nutrition. So likewise this was the transition period. Now precision mineral so already I told you but it is my personal experience if you see many questions are arising and farmers are asking sir which kind of which quality mineral mixture we should fit to our animals. Straightly I'm saying as per the requirement of the BIS standard you just at least fit that mineral but practically this is also incorrect because if you see the specification of B standard which is indicating IS-1664 2002 it means which have been you know specified long back now it is essential why it is essential because it is essential to go for the feed powder blood sample soil sample analysis and that is what the you know the mineral mapping because fer is varying from place to place. I would like to share one example of area specific mineral mixture which I have made for the solar district under EIC IC project in 10 blocks soil was surplus in each and every nutrient but unfortunately because of uptake of nutrient problem was deficient. So based on that we will have to collect the field photo samples. We will have to collect the blood samples, soil samples and based on that we will have to prepare make area specific mineral mixture. So accordingly area specific mineral mixture should be prepared and third important fourth important thing that stage and status based supplementation. Earlier also I told you based on this physiological state say for example uh negative energy balance in that you have to add another feed supplement uh which will provide the proper energy apart from that regular monitoring. Yes of course I also it conveyed it to BIS also to go for the area specific mineral mixture and for which min mapping is essential. So likewise these are the different approaches by using which precision mineral nutrition can be followed and as a result definitely yes better fertility will be there stronger immunity will be there optimum growth will be there and of course because of improved reproduction an enhancement in milk production will also be observed now here I'm just giving an example every year more than 600 to 700 metric ton of mineral mixture We are supplying through pand field programs. Why I'm giving an example? Because this is the situation when we have started our program and if you compare over the period of decades.
So you can see how much is the adoption of these supplements. This is increasing day by day in a state like up can you imagine last year we have supplied 250 metric ton of the mineral mixture. If you compare the data of last 10 years so this was the biggest achievement. Why it has happened? There are different reasons awareness most important thing awareness another important thing maintaining the quality and third important thing you know adoption by the farmer community because of different programs. So that is the success story of the bio mineral mixture. So this is the precision nutrition through minerals. Now what about the feed attitudes? Friends, it is very common observation that there are any number of you know companies and manufacturers they are coming with their products and claiming different things but based on our knowledge based on the requirement and of course cost effectiveness we will have to decide with the help of animal nutritionist that which kind of feed supplement is required. Not in case of every feeding it is required because if that animal is not having that much milk potential then why it isn't essential to give such kind of you know costlier supplements but definitely technically those are proven supplements those are again you know non nutritive product or some sort of nutritive products also for example probiotics right what are the basic benefits yes improve ral health that enhances nutrient absorption and strengthen immunity system. Same in case of east rin stabilization is very much essential because acidosis and all those things are the challenges for the you know human nutrition. So definitely it will also improve the fiber utilization and increases the feed efficiency. The protected nutrients I already told you about the bypass rin protected protein like bypass protein bypass fat. Yes.
Particularly for high yielders we are recommending. And fourth one yes harid dha it is not dhar it is dha harid dha means this is you know plant-based and antimanogenic feed supplement developed by the ICR and bios I mean bio has tested it developed by ICR and based on these key benefits till date we have supplied more than 700 metric ton of harita dha har means green earth sanskrit word is there so it's a product which is claiming that 20% up to 17 to 20% % methane emission and through anticmentation can be reduced and it is proven one but the thing is how to calculate or measure the actual methane emission so I will show you in later stage so that is what very good achievement for bio as well but here with I would like to request all the technical persons to promote such kind of kida product which will reduce the methane emission up to the extent of 20% and that is the only only plant-based except seaweed extract and all those things this is the only product available in India. So definitely other countries are are also taking care of the same. So it is not extra cost or burden on the farmer but it is just supplementation. I mean what we can say that you have to remove just replace just 500 g of the concentrate mixture with the 500 g of dine. So likewise these are the different feed additives. Now but for achieving this you know precision nutrition then adoption at farmers level the major challenge is technological interventions and its adoption of course everyone is coming university then different research institutes I even institutes like too many research researchers they're coming with different interventions but what about their adoption at grassroot level so definitely there are different challenges but apart from that We I have tried to categorize so particularly use of AI then internet of things means IoT variable sensors then mobile applications cloud computing etc etc. So friends I'm giving this example based on what we are adopting at the field level.
So we are using EI not only in livestock but in agriculture as well. Apart from that IoT definitely there are different sensors which and equipments farm based equipments which we are utilizing at our farm because you know that bio is having around 900 plus animals where around 600 plus are the breeding bulls and remaining are the bull mothers as well.
So definitely we are testing such technologies at our farm and once it is proven we are disseminating it through our field programs. So definitely such kind of sensors, such kind of mobile applications, cloud computing those are very you know digital technologies and latest technologies which are available into the field conditions and definitely they will help in early detection of the nutritional disorders then improve the speed efficiency and productivity and making this business sustainable. So it is my request to all of you to follow this you know such kind of technologies.
There are different ways to approach the farmers but it is very clear that technology should be proven one and authenticated one. Now precision feed manufacturing because you know that feed industry very biggest one and nowadays what we are observing most of the samples which are we are receiving in our laboratory they are not at per at par for their you know nutrient contents. If they have printed 22% total protein but in fact it is coming just 16 17%. Why it is so?
because of you know malpractice because of adulteration because of the low quality of the feed ingredients too many reasons but that is why we are recommending that biggest place I will not take anyone else but we should follow those because they're at least trying to maintain the precise formulation in terms of different processes say for example automated batching which will reduce the error of human error right because while weighing the different feed ingredients there are chances that Manual error may be there but computer computerized and automatic batching will affect quality. Another important thing quality control yes now it is mandatory that each feed unit must have their own laboratory. So regular testing of the ingredient because once vehicle has arrived with the raw material because when I was working in wis so myself and my senior colleague Dr. Durab was durab was famous for rejecting the raw material. Why? Because of poor quality. So first test first method is physical testing based on different physical methods. We were either accept accepting or rejecting the ingredients. But based on that once it is accepted then it was sent to the laboratory own laboratory and based on their results only it was either accepted or rejected. So likewise quality control is very much essential not only for raw ingredients but for the finished product as well and most important thing that digital traceability. Now it will take certain time to you know get it very popular in field conditions but there's the possibility the tracking of that particular feed no doubt it is available in some sort of place but again it is practically difficult but at least you can track for example biops yes definitely we you can scan it for the QR code and definitely we will get detail uh related to that particular straw which buro is there which bull is there what about uh it s directory etc etc. So likewise in case of fade also it is possible such kind of QR code scanning is get available. Now what are the benefits? So particularly it ensures the consistent and high quality and balance feed of course then uses automated batching computer staging etc etc and because of this you know quality production of feed may be achieved which will ultimately improve the feed uniformity and ultimately affecting the animal performance and feed safety and of course community based some sort of field units are available even in bios working area but but those are on smaller scale Because major challenge in feed industry is getting availability of the raw material and most importantly cost effectiveness because for for small uh field manufacturer it is not affordable at all. So definitely there are different administrative issues as well. I will not focus on that. Now apart from that yes these are the you know different ingredients. So actually you can see because what I have suggested to BIS also you are making BIS standards and norms strict norms for feed manufacturers but what about the raw ingredient I mean because those are the byproducts of oil seed industry you should you know strict them as well particularly I would like to give you an example say for examples any kind of the oil cake once it is getting out of from refinery there is a possibility that because of hotness it's a machine process because of that hotness there are chances of fungal infestation. So you should restrict them to maintain the quality provide them some sort of you know B standards but practically it is not happening and that is the reason because this is the root cause you know that in ISO system or any kind of quality assurance system what we are assuring quality management system what we are assuring root cause analysis is important. So here root cause analysis is you know they are not making mandatory for the ingredient manufacturers even if those are the byproducts but there should be strict uh you know law for that as well and then you can make it mandated for the feed manufacturer. So those are the different examples. Apart from that yes we are also having small mini manufacturing unit for our own consumption and harida we are producing it uh for the all customers.
Now after feeding those uh you know quality feed products or feed ingredients these are the different you know diet compositions major nutrients supplied by them and example for example green powder so energy protein vitamins mineral etc etc particularly examples I have given me so napear sun etc now basically here just I would like to highlight one important thing particularly while offering order keep in mind whatever total green requirement is there. So strictly try to follow at least 70% serial based and 30% legume based. Ultimately there are different reasons because as a larger requirement for the energy serial based foder are essential. Second important thing if you are changing that ratio from 17 is to 30 to different one then that in that case there is a possibility of getting bloat to the animal because of high protein content in legus powder and most important thing legus powder are rich in you know estrogen so which may affect pregnant animal in terms of you know abortion so such kind of examples are there so here I will not go in detail but these are the different you know feed resources which are available level at the farmer's low step or in nearby market. So based on that so as to achieve the proper diet component by using precision animal nutrition feeding strategies we should follow these kind of you know diet component components sorry yes so these are the different you know again I will skip because of time constraint because it is ultimately 45 minutes yeah so now climate smart nutrient nutrition because ultimately after following preced feeding it's our responsibility to follow the climate smart nutrition as well because so as to reduce the methane emission then how it will improve the efficiency because ultimately energy of that animal is being wasted in you know producing uh methane and other gases as well. So by using harida like product we can definitely follow the climate smart nutrition practices. There are different products as well. These are the three interventions which we are recommending into the field conditions on behalf of buyers for reducing the methane emission. Haridhara use of sex or excimemon. Ultimately it is affecting the you know more number of female than the male and which will be taken care properly for their nutrition and accordingly they will reduce the uh non-productive number of animals and accordingly they will help in reducing the emission and use of different technologies I such as biogas model bior etc etc. Now these are the economic benefit of the precision nutrition. Yes, it will lower the feed cost, higher the profitability, better fertil fertility, long-term sustainability and but the thing is last two three slides are there. So these are the challenges in adoption. Yes, limited awareness and that is why it is our responsibility to conduct training programs and all those things then inadequate infrastructure, low digital literacy, other constraints and no doubt government support and some sort of inputs are required from the administrators as well. These are the policy recommendations. Strengthen the field feed testing because nowadays it is not very common to test the field for strengthen the extension services. Yes, there are different tools which you can utilize for the electrician services as a training part. The climate smart incentives. Yes, definitely we have to provide climate smart incentives. Then and then only farmer will adop those uh technologies particularly carbon credits can be provided and integrated policy support from the government as well as different agencies and future research directions particularly India's area of precision feeding AI the genomic and neutrogenomics human microbiome and metabolicscentric climate smart innovations so those are the research directions where again it is essential to go for the research and use such kind of outputs which will be implemented into the field conditions. Now these are the future research again I have just categorized I will skip this slide again b's contribution lastly yes bof is working since last six decades we are having more than 18 states to reach then 381 districts and 100,000 villages plus 4 million of the rural families we are working in different disciplines I will just skip this and uh you know that livestock programs then this is the central research section of the bio here with I would like to request all of you to visit uh research station at Wolikan channel where we you you can see different technologies input production units and farm plus these are some of yeah here I would like to in I mean just share with you that recently uh we have received green food unit technology the first time in India which is very direct method to measure the meter emission directly from the animal and this is a very advanced uh you know semonstration plus different earlier NADE laboratories plus farm etc plus bio the sun mark so that you will get different inputs from there uh I mean input products from there. This is o treatment plant which we are having it is proven technology. Then these are different one ozone treatment based complete feed uh which we have tried and tested plus these are the different varieties of the foder. I will just skip it because of time consumption. This is area specific different f varieties different methodologies five different benefits of the cactus. We are having cactus based leather production facility as well. These are the different trials which I have personally conducted on different small luminance and large ruminance particularly for the spineless cactus. Uh earlier we have started with five five excessions now more than 105s are with us. These are the different techniques. These are different programs which we are conducting and this is what the green feed unit installed by the corn university at bif and this is again different uh you know image capturing techniques for establishing feed library and bios kisan and milkm plus now concluding slide last slide. So yes, precision nutrition will enhance productivity, profitability, animal health and reproductive performance through balance and animal specific feeding and ultimately it is integrating scientific ration formulation with the quality of feed for me supplementation and digital technology. It means it maybe kind of collaboration between the digital technologist then veterarians plus administrators as well as the extension workers and definitely precision feeding will reduce the uh you know climate change related technology. Then supportive policies and strong extensive services are the key to achieve lowcarbon profitable and sustainable dairy sector particularly when we are talking about the indigenous animals. So thank you so much and thanks for organizer because again it has taken ultimately uh an hour. So sorry for to the organizers and hope uh you like this presentation. If it is so then please ping me on my WhatsApp and other social medias or else you can directly ask me the questions and suggestions are also uh welcome. Thank you so much.
>> Yes sir.
>> Thank you very much sir. Thank you very much uh for today's presentation. Nice presentation is there in depth presentation of the work of the precision nutrition strategies for sustainable indigenous cattle farming as well as the contribution of the bay work done by the bay for the farmers. So I am on behalf of the organizing secretary and the project I am very thankful to Dr. Manojumar Aari scientist from the bioanchan Pune. Uh thank you very much sir. Yes sir. So uh I am requesting the next lecture uh Dr. Gan Deepakumar GI for their presentation. I'm inviting uh gamakumar sir. Sir >> uh I would like to request you to summarize your session in 20 minutes only.
>> Okay sir. Okay.
>> You are a co-host now. Uh so please start your screen sharing.
Sir, my slide is visible.
>> Yes, sir.
>> Hello, sir.
Hello.
Hello.
>> Sir, please start your presentation.
Slide is visible.
>> Okay, sir. Okay.
Good afternoon. Good afternoon respected chairperson, distinct delegates and dear participants. I am Dr. Gandhi Pakumar from the department of LPM JB Pant University of Agriculture Pandagar.
Sir, it is my privilege to present my lead paper in entitled role of moringa olifera and leptaden riticulata in enhancing hematological health and immune immune competitance of indigenous cattle that is implications for sustainable indigenous cattle farming.
Sir, I sincerely thanks the organizers for giving me this opportunity to share my PhD research findings. Now I would like to begin my presentation with a brief introduction.
Sir, India possess a one of the largest livestock population in the world and the livestock sector play a v vital role in ensuring ensuring food security, nutritional security and rural employment and overall agriculture economy.
Indigenous cattle in particular are considered the backbone of sustainable dairy farming because of their remarkable adaptability, it tolerance, disease resistance and ability to perform efficiently under low input production systems.
Among the indigenous dairy breeds of India, Sibal cattle occupy a unique position because of their superior milk production, excellent reproductive performance and a resilience under tropical climatic conditions.
These characters make soul cattle an ideal genetic for sustainable livestock production.
However, in recent years, modern dairy farming has increasing in increasing relied on synthetic feed additives and growth promoting substances to improve animal productivity.
Although these additives may enhance production, their continuous use raises concern regarding antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in milk and meat and possible adverse effects on animal health and the environment. Sir, therefore there is growing interest in identifying natural safe and eco-friendly alternatives that can improve animal health without compromising food safety or environmental sustainability.
Moria olifera has attracted considerable scientific attention because it is rich in high quality proteins, essential ammon acid, vitamins, minerals and antioxidant phyitochemicals. Similarly, popularly known as genti is an important medicinal plant in the ayurvedic system.
Although both are possessive promising biological properties, comparative scientific information regarding their effects on hematological health and immune competence in indigenous cyol cattle under practical farm conditions is still limited.
Next is objective of this study. The present investigation was designed with the three major objective. First is the first objective to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with moringa and leptadenia reticulata on the hematological profile of indigenous cybal kata. The second objective is to assess the influence of herbal supplementation on immune related liquide parameters.
And the third is to explore the potential of herbal feed additives for sustainable indigenous cattle farming to next material and methods.
So to achieve these object objective the following following experime experimental method methodology was adopted.
This experiment was conducted at IDF Nagala GBP Pand Pandanagar and the department of LPM for the present studies.
Total 28 clinically healthy electing sal cows ranging from first to fourth were selected to ensure unbiased comparison among treatments. The animals were randomly alloc allocated into four experimental groups each consisting of seven animals following a CR means completely randomized design commonly known as CD. The feeding trial this feeding trial was conduct conducted continuously for 4 months under uniform housing feeding and managemental condition at ID of Nagala Pandagar.
regarding the treatment of this study.
First is T0 which is served as a control group and received only the basel diet for the research. Second is T1 received the basel diet supplemented with leptadia into root powder at 90 g per animal per day.
T2 received the basel diet supplemented with moringa leifer leaf powder at 150 g per animal per day. and T3 received a combination of both herbs consisting of 45 g of leptadenia root powder and 75 g of moringa leaf powder per per animal per day in 50/50 ratio parameters to be studied in this research blood sample samples were collected periodically on the monthly basis from the jagular vein. Throughout the experimental period, the collected samples were analyzed for important hemat hematological parameters including hemoglobin, PCB, TC, TLC and DLC to evaluate evaluate the overall hematological and immune status of the animals.
Finally after that the data generated during the experimental were statistically analyzed using oneway ANOVA under CRD followed by Duncan multiple range test differences were considered statistically significant at P less than 0.05 05 having sir. Next results and discussion.
This sum this slide summarizes the effect of dietary supplementation with moringa alifera and on the hematological profile of elect indigenous sual cattle.
Sir in this among the four treatment groups the animals supplemented with moringa represented by the T2 group exhibited the most favorable hematological responses beginning with hemoglobin.
No statistically significant difference was observed among the treatment group.
This indicate that the supplementation of either herb did not adversely affect the oxygen carrying capacity of blood that all animals maintain normal physiological hemoglobin levels throughout the experimental period.
Hello.
Hello.
Hello sir. I am audible.
Hello.
Hello.
Yes, you are audible Dr. Gandhi.
Continue.
>> Okay.
However, significant improvements were observed in PCB, PC and TLC. Sir, back volume in increased significantly in both in lipiden reticula and moringa lipa that is T1 and T2 group supplemented groups compared with the control group. Similarly, total ithroite was significantly higher in the moringa supplemented group indicating enhanced ithroth poetic activity of blood.
Likewise, TLC also showed a significant increase in the moringa group suggesting better physiological prepar preparedness of immune system.
This improvement may be attributed to the rich nutritional composition of moringa alera partic particularly its protein essential amino acid vitamins minerals and antioxidant phytochemical which are known to support ethroasis and maintain normal hematological function. Overall these findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with moringa improve the hematology of cattle.
The next slide slide is effect of carbal supplementation differential equite count. This slide present the effect of carbal supplementation on DLC among all equosite parameter evaluated only the neutrfil percentage show as a statical significant increase particularly in the moringa supplemented group. Neutrfil neutrfil constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens and play a crucial role in innate immunity.
Therefore, an increase in netoil percentage within the normal physiological range may indicate improved innate immune responsiveness.
Sir on the other hand lymphocyide monocyopils besopil percentage did not differ significant among the treatment group.
The absence of significant variation in these parameters indicates that herbal supplementation maintain normal luccoite homeostatis and did not produce any abnormal inflammatory or imunological responses.
In summary, the luccoite profile indicates that moringa positively influence innate immune related hematological parameter where lipid reticula maintain normal physiological home status without any adverse effect.
Next slide is biological significance of the herbal supplementation.
So this slide explain the possible biological mechanism responsible for the observed hematological improvements. The beneficial effects observed in this boring olifera supplemented group may primarily be attributed to it rich nutritional and phyitochemical composition. Moringa leaves are an excellent source of high quality protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidant compound.
So these bioactive con play an important role in supporting lithopasis, protecting blood cells from augative estress and enhancing the functional activity of immune cells.
As these consequences improvements were observed in PCB, TC TLC and neopil percentage collective collectively indicating better hematological health and enhance inate immune immune competence.
Second is lipidic in this pos will recognize galactog antioxidant and imunom modulatory property. Although this these effects were comparatively less pronounced than those of moringa, it successfully maintained hematological parameters within normal physiological limits and contributed to maintain physiological homeostatis.
Sir one interesting observation of the present investigation were that combined supplementation did not produce additional benefits over individual supplementation.
For this possible explanation may be that the do of each herbs were reduced in combination group that is in 50/50 ratio in percentage or there may be have been interaction among their bioactive compounds. However, further investigation involving molecular and iminological biomass are required to confirm the exact reason.
Overall the present finding demonstrate the natural phytogenic feed particularly moringa have considerable potential to improve hematological health and support inate immune competition in indigenous sal kettle.
Next slide implic implication for sustainable indigenous cattle farming.
Having discussed the scientific finding of the study, I would like to highlight their p practical implication for sustainable and genous cattle farming.
The present investigation not merely about evaluating human parameter rather it demonstrate how natural phytogenic feed or herbal feed attitudes can contribute to improving animal health and support sustainable dairy farming.
That is also the theme of this seminar.
One of the major advantage of moringa and lipidia reticulator is that they are natural, locally available and eco-friendly herbal resources. Unlike synthetic growth promotes and chemical feed attitive, these herbs are comparative safer and are less likely to leave harmful residue in milk and other animal product.
The improvement observed in hematological health and inate immune competence suggest that these herbal supplements may help animals maintain better physiological status thereby improving their ability to cope with environmental and management related stress.
From the farmer's perspective of this research, the use of such herbal feed supplements may reduce dependence on synthetic additives while promoting better animal welfare and sustainable livestock management.
Furthermore, the utilization of locally available medical plants is consistent with the principles of climate resilient livestock production.
One health and sustainable indigenous cattle farming which are becoming increasingly increasing important in modern dairy production system.
With this now I will conclude my paper.
In conclusions of the present study clearly demonstrated that dietary supplementation with moringa produced the most favorable hematological response among all treatment groups.
Significant improvements were observed in PCB TC TLC and percentage indicating improved hematological health and enhance innate immune competence.
On the other hand, sir, left reticulator maintain hematological parameters within normal physic physiological limits.
the supported physiological homeostatis.
This is indicating that it is also a safe herbal feed supplement for indigenous dairy cattle.
The combined supplementation of both herb did not produce additional benefits over their individual supplementation.
Sural the finding of the present investig investigation is that moringal fer and to some extent possesses considerable potential as natural phytogenic feed additives for improving hematological health and supporting inate immune competence in indigenous cyol kettle.
Sir, finally I would like to emphasize on important message from this study.
Healthy blood reflects a healthy animal and healthy animals are the foundation of sustainable indigenous cattle farming.
Therefore, natural herbal feed activives such as moringa and leptin reticula may become valuable nutritional tools for achieving healthier cattle and more sustainable dairy production system.
Thank you sir.
>> Thank you very much sir for giving the nice presentation on the herbal feed supplements in the seaw wall cattle. Gan Deepak Kumar is there from the JVand University Pontanagar Utarakhand.
So I will request the participants uh students farmers to if there are any queries on this topic and also from the previous topic also the two topics we have uh covered now in the afternoon session if there are some any queries then please ask any questions query on the both the topics.
>> Yeah. Okay, it seems there is no query from the audience. So I am thankful to the Gandhi Pakumar sir on the behalf of the project on the behalf of the organizing committee. I am very thankful to you. Uh thank you sir.
Thank you.
>> Now we will move forward for your oral and poster presentation uh from the abstract you have sent uh for the national seminar.
So I will call yes sir sir G Sriam sir.
Uh Dr. G Sriram sir please unmute yourself.
Sir.
Okay. We will take a next presentation from the Praep Naler.
project not sir are you available next is there uh Dr. Wer Dr. Uh yes sir I'm present. Yes I'm present.
>> Okay.
Uh whether it is over presentation or >> please allow uh it's poster presentation.
>> Okay. Okay. I will allow you to share the PPT. Okay.
Madam you are now co-host. You can share your uh PPT.
>> Okay. Thank you.
Okay. So, can you uh post?
>> Yes, your PPD is visible. Your poster is visible, madam.
>> Okay. Thank you. Uh after warm welcome to everyone present. I'm Dr. Malia Va currently working as assistant professor at College of Agriculture Rajati. Today I'm here for presenting a poster on formulation and quality assessment of cha blended with mango pulp. It's was it was my PhD research product.
>> So I'll start my presentation.
>> Uh as we know Chennai and chaka are important indigenous >> Sorry ma'am. Sorry.
>> Okay. As we all know chana and chaka are important indigenous product. Chennana which is an acid desicated coag acid coagulated milk product which is used as a base ingredient for preparation of various milk sweets such as rasgula sesh ras malai and kalakan while chaka it is a fermented milk product uh similar to Greek yogurt uh it is used for preparation of shriikan in the study both chenna and chaka were were combined for preparation and for uh preparation of a new product uh and it was named as Chanashir.
Uh in the present study uh Chanashir was prepared by buffalo milk. Buffalo milk from the D department of college of agriculture dapoli uh was used for preparation. Similarly uh chennai chaka was prepared by standard process. The procedure for preparation of Chennai was uh first of all the milk was cooled uh first of all the milk was heated at uh 90° C then it was cooled at 72 to 72° then addition of citric acid at 2% afterward the coagulant was hanged in musling cloth for obtaining chana and whey similarly ch was prepared by first for heating the milk at 70 uh 70 to 90° C. Then it was cooled at 38 to 40° C.
Further, it was uh inoculated with the lactobacilus acidophilus culture at 2% and it was incubated at 40 to 42° C for 6 hour. Then after setting of curd, it was hanged in a musling cloth cloth for separation of whey. The uh product obtained was chaka. Then uh further uh for preparation of chana shri this chana and chaka was used. It was uh mixed at 50% each. Further sugar was added at two different level that is 60% and at 70%.
After addition of sugar mango pulp was added as per the treatments. There are there were four different levels of mango pulp that is 15% 20% 25% and 30%.
Then came blending uh blending come mixing and the product obtained was mango flavored chana shiri. It was cooled and stored further. In this study uh in the study we uh analyzed the mango flavored chaashi for different uh chemical analysis such as total solid fat, protein, sugar, ash and tradable acidity.
From the chemical analysis it was found that uh chanashiri prepared uh at 60% blue 60% level sugar highest total solid was obtained in uh treatment S1 M1 that is 60% sugar and 15% mango pulp that is 59.53%.
uh and the lowest was observed in treatment S1 M4 that is 60% sugar and uh 30% mango pulp that is 57 uh highest total solid was obtained in M1 that is 61.72% and lowest at M4 that is 59.39%.
Similarly for fat content, highest fat content was observed at 60% level was observed in 11.36 uh% that is in M1 that is 15% mango pulp and the lowest was observed in M4 that is 10.51%.
In in case of mango uh chana prepared with 70% mango pulp highest fat content was observed in uh M1 that is 10.72 and the lowest in M4 that is 9.98.
Similarly, highest uh protein content was observed in uh M1 that is uh Chanashi prepared with 60% sugar and 15% mango pulp that is 7.98 and lowest in M4 that is mango chachi prepared with 30% of mango pulp it was 7.43.
In case of 70% sugar, highest protein content was observed in Chennash prepared with 15% of mango pul that is 7.55 and lowest at uh M4 that is cha prepared with 30% of mango pul that is 7.06.
Similarly for total sugar the highest total uh highest sugar content was observed in chana shri prepared with 70% sugar uh in uh M1 that is 40.41 and lowest in M uh M4 that is 3850 for ash the highest ash content was observed in chachri prepared with 15% of mangopul at 6 at 70% that is 1.645 645 and lowest at 1 uh 1.550% at 30% mango pulp and initable acidity the highestable acidity was observed in Chennai prepared with 15% mango pulp at 60% sugar and lowest at uh M4 that is 15% of mango pulp further the product was uh further the product was subjected to sensory analysis. The sensory analysis was carried out using 9point honic scale. The highest uh uh the product was subjected to for color color and appearance, flavor, body and texture and overall acceptability.
For color and appearance at 60% sugar level, treatment M3 achieved the highest score for color and appearance. it scored 8.12% followed by M2 M4 and the lowest score was recorded for treatment M1 that is 7.32. Similarly, in case of 70% sugar, the treatment M3 registered highest maximum score for color and appearance that is 8.24 and the lowest score was observed by M1 that is 7.36.
Similarly for flavor the highest score for flavor was observed at 60% level sugar that is for treatment M3 8.34 followed by M2 M4 and lastly the lowest score was was observed in M1 that is 7.52.
Similarly at 70% level sugar treatment M3 obtained highest score for flavor that is 8.12 and lowest was observed by 7 uh lowest score was 7.42 obtained by M1 that is 30% of mango pulp for body and texture at 60% sugar level highest score for body and texture was observed or gained by uh M3 that is 8.30 30 and lowest by 7.43 uh 42 in in case of 70% level of sugar highest scope for body and texture was observed for treatment M3 that is 8.06 and the lowest by M1 that is 7.22 22 and lastly the overall acceptability highest score for overall acceptability at 60% of level of sugar highest score was u obtained by treatment M3 that is 8.52 and lowest by M1 that that is 7.44 and in case of uh 70% level of sugar treatment M3 scored highest that is 8.22 and treatment M3 uh scored the lowest that is 7.6 1962.
Lastly, I I'd like to conclude that mango flavored chaashi was can be successfully developed with acceptable chemical and sensory quality. Uh further increasing the mango pulp level resulted in reduction in total solid fat, protein and uh ash and acidity due to dilution effect with uh while higher sugar level increase the total solid and sweetness of the product. Among all the treatments, Chanashiri prepared with 60% of sugar and 25% of mango pulp was the most acceptable. The product offers a potential as nutritional and value added fermented milk product which can which further enhances the sensory appeal of dairy products. Thank you.
Hello.
Hello.
>> Uh thank you madam. Thank you very much for presentation of your poster. If there is any query from the participants on this topic.
If there is no query then I will request further participant to present their poster. I request Nikita Chavan madam for presentation of their poster or oral presentation Nikita Chavan madam I am requesting uh Dr. Um sir research madam sir but me as a co-host present okayushka okay okay okay carry on okay uh wiper madam please unshare your screen okay >> just one minute sir Madam, you are now co-host. You can uh present your PPD.
Okay, your PPD is visible. Madam.
Okay. Start representation.
Madam uh unmute yourself.
>> Madam unmute yourself sir sir.
>> So good evening everyone. My name is Anushka.
I'm currently pursuing MSE agree from the Basantra Marata Krishi with the Parvani College of Agriculture Parvani.
My today's topic for the seminar is effect of different feed combinations on growth performance of deoni heer calls.
Introduction uh first of all the duni is an important indigenous dualpurpose cattle breed. He calls are the future breeding stocks. Also proper nutrition during the growing phase improves the growth, reproductive performance and future milk production. Concentrate supplementation provides energy, protein, minerals and vitamins. So optimizing concentrate feeding reduces production cost while maintaining performance.
Then the need of study uh the uni the uni hipper um shows the slow growth delays age at first breeding. Also underfeeding reduces the body weight body weight gain. Also overfeeding increases feed cost and may cause excessive fat deposition. Limited information is available on the optimum concentration concentration level for the heer cals and economic feeding strategies are needed for the farmer are the need of these studies and my objective there are three objectives.
First of all first one is to assess the dry matter intake of hippers. Second one is to study the effect of commercial and different homemade concentrate on performance in dei hippers. Then third one is to estimate the economics of commercial and different homemade concentrate.
Here are my materials and methology. The present experiment effect of different feed combinations on growth performance of deep hipper cal was conducted at cattle crossbreeding project at Wasantra Nikarat Krishi in the year 2021 to 2022 for period of 90 days in 26th January to 26th April. There are 24 diaper calls were selected at the uh CCBP project and where they were divided into four groups. Six calls in each group. Here is the chart of the experimental details of the Di calls. There are you can see now there are four treatments. In each treatment there are six calls. The first one T1 the average weight of T1 treatment is one extra 118.5 kg. Then T21.66 kg. Then T3 120.5 kg. And the T4 119 kg.
Then there are four treatments. First one is T1 U T1 dry folder plus green folder plus concent concentrate mixture first. Then T2 dry folder plus green folder plus concentrate mixture second.
Then uh T3 dry folder plus green folder plus concentrate mixture third. Then T4 dry folder plus green folder plus concentrate mixture four. Here are the photographs of the mixtures. You can now see the T1 which were which is the sugar. Then T2 T2 in which maze is added. In T3 sorum is added in T4 the is added. You can briefly now see uh in concentrate mix first T1 is subrus then which is 100% in concentrate mixture second the maze cotton seed cake soybean t mineral mixture and salt is added also here the other concentrate are same only the one cereal is changed >> madam please summarize your result in 2 minutes >> okay sir then here are the six replic applications and here is my data. Uh you can now see um I added the graph uh also the economic of calls feeding under different treatment. The T2 shows a best treatment which uh shows the lowest economic uh then con the conclusion of my research is the concentrate T2 feeding region is adequate to satisfy the hipper's appetites and nutritional need. It was found that feeding concentrate second along with dry and green food resulted in the highest growth rate which weight gain. The T2 showed significantly higher DM intake followed by T1, T4 and T3. It demonstrates how adding concentrate second to dry and green feed can enhance daily DM intake and the performance of experimental calls. The body measurements chase God, body line, body height, belly of dement proved to be satisfactory significant effect. The total cost per kg of the body weight gain rupees was lower in the T2 group. The total cost kg of the body weight gain for also lower in the T2 group. And the health, weight and body measurement of cars are positively impacted by homemade concentrate which also says which also save dairy farmer money. And here the T2 treatment is best in this research. And uh beside that the T1 shows T2 best treat.
So here thank you so much all of you.
>> Thank you. Please I share.
>> Yes sir.
>> If there is any question from the participants.
>> Is there any question? If there is no question we will proceed towards the next presentation.
19th >> 19th >> 19th uh studies on the influence of age at first calving on the production efficiency of red syndicator the authors are Dr. Prangalia Italy anyone from this paper?
Is there anyone any author of this paper who is going to present?
Okay. October 20 on the production rep is any author of this paper number 20 Mr. Aijit Dr. Uh Rahul this sir this lesson is there.
>> Then the next uh paper is evolution of first lactation uh traits as a predict predictor of lifetime milk production in red cindic cattle. Dr. PSD Mandak Mallay sir then PS Sakre sir was PS was sir this sir Mram madam anyone is there >> paper number 22 smart dairy farming technology Dr. KB Kam sir Satyam Anil KB >> is there >> is the author is there and next one is effect of incorporation of pomegranate juice on physiochemical properties of Sri Khand Then the next one is effect of non-getic factors on production traits in gear gear kettles. Uh, professor SB SP and RJ Di You have Hey, this one.
Welcome to all of you. I am presenting the paper on the effect of non-gentic factors on the production traits in the gir cattle.
So it is introduction uh that study is done on the panzer pole uh dairy farm where all the gear cattle are there that is study is for 7 year uh data is analyzed uh there at the Nashik district and here in that research work we have analyzed total lactation milk yield lactation length dry bread p milk yield and what is effect on that previous four traits by the period of the calving, season of the calving and lactation order. It is analyzed in that uh research work. For that research work we have summarized that three play that is P1, P2 and P3 uh from 2018 to the 2024 and there are three seasons are there rainy, winter and summer season according to that according to that that uh uh season are divided and we have studied seven lactation order of that gear cattle. So that is statistical analysis.
I will move forward that about the total lactation milk yield uh of the gear cattle we have found the highest lactation in the P1 PR that is initial PR and less lactation yield uh is found in uh P3 PR. So mean lactation is about 1,887 L in one lactation. that is a me mean uh lactation milk yield of that particular gear cattle. So we have seen what is the effect of the season of calving. In the season of calving in the winter season cal have the more milk production in the lactation order in the P5 season we have observed the highest lactation and that is a statistical analysis uh which are the significant is there the influence of the period of the caling is highly significant the season of the caling on the lactation bel is highly significant and order of the lactation is nonsignificant on the total lactation milk field. So lactation length is there in the days. So the mean lactation length of the k cattle in that particular farm is 266 days. That is a mean of the lact lactation days. So there are effect of the peri of the calving, season of the calving and lactation order uh that is shown in that particular uh table. I will summarize only the period of the calving on the lactation length is highly significant. uh season of the coloring of the lactation length is also highly significant and the effect of the order of the lactation on the lactation length is also highly significant observed in that particular gear pal. So dry period is there dry period of the gear cattle and the dry period of the gear cattle in that particular palm is observed the mean per is about 108 days means the gear cattle having the no milk yield about the 108 days. So effect of the PL of the calving the in the P of the calving in the P3 PR the dry PR is the highest one in the season in the summer season the PR of dry period is the maximum one and in the lactation order in the uh last lactation that is lactation number seven uh that uh dry is uh highest one. So that is statistical analysis. Uh the dry bread was highly significant according to PR of the calving season of the calving. On the dry plate it is also highly significant and the order of the lactation on the milk field is also significant over the rest of the treatments. So it is a peak milk yield. So highest milk of that particular cattle. So highest milk yield is observed that is a mean value that is a 9.14 lit that is a mean value of the highest peak milk yield. So it is what is effect of the plate of the carving season of the carving lactation order it is see is it is seen in that particular table. So I will summarize only uh the variation due to the bread of the calving on the peak milk is highly significant. The variation of due to the season of the calving was non-significant and the influence of the lactation order uh is also uh significant.
So that is the conclusion I already told uh statistically. So that is about my uh production performance of the gear cattle on that particular farm.
So it is from me. Thank you.
Okay. If there is any questions.
If there is no question now we will forward uh we will see the next after by the SD kan cursor and cursor is there sir next is there Dr. PL G sir.
>> PL G is there.
>> Yes sir. Yes sir. Yes sir.
>> Uh is it a oral presentation or poster?
>> Poster presentation.
>> Then share your poster.
>> Okay sir.
>> I allow you.
So it is visible.
Yes, it is visible just present it.
>> Okay sir. Uh good evening respected sir judges and my dear colleagues. Uh first of all I am Dr. Provin Jane from college of agriculture we have got now currently working as a system professor. Here is the my research topic is development of functional fortified with inoline powder. We know that the milk is lacking in dietary fiber. For that purpose we have to choose one soluble fiber that is inoluline powder.
for the for that shrihand I chose shrihand is choosed because the it is fermented one and the inoline powder is prebiotic and our product is probiotic because it contain live microorganisms like lactobacular spaces for that both benefits are combined in the shrihand that's why we choose inoline powder for the addition of addition in shriand as a fortification for that the objective we are choose here is the standardization for the incorporation of inolin powder in Shrianda.
>> Dr. Gin, you just you just summarize the procedure and at what at what stage you have added the illin.
>> Okay sir. Okay sir. Sir basically inolin treatment selected at three level T1 T0 for control then T1 T2 and T3 1 2 and 3%age of inoline. From the study it is seen that the dietary fiber is increased from T1, T2 and T3 level. But in case of sensory evolution the T2 treatment is based according to the sensory and O evolution because inoline has hydrophilic property which absorbs the water and it reduces the fat and protein. That's why the sensory panelist select the T2 treatment which is based accordingly the the moisture percentage also reduced percentage also reduced the protein also reduced but total carbohydrate ash and total solids are in increased along with the shell pipe also studied for 21 days the product is remain fresh and acceptable for 21 days without any harmful effect and there is final finding is that the product contain total plate counts is at a acceptable level and east and mold count also acceptable level caulifform counts are absent.
Uh from that study it is the final conclusion is that the 2% level of inoline is important for the people who having health benefits additional than than that of the our basic foods. Thank you sir.
>> What what will be the health benefit to the consumers due to the addition and what is the cost economics ratio?
>> Okay sir. Uh sir first one is that milk is lacking dietary fibers. It is milk is not easily digested in our stomach.
That's why we add soluble fiber that is inoline. It is easily digested in our uh stomach. Then cost effective it is easily available in root crops like chory, onion, garlic. From where it is obtained where it is powder from we use in dairy products.
>> Okay. Thank you. The topic is open for discussion. Any part participant is having any query just please ask the questions to the presenter.
Okay. Then answer please sir.
>> Thank you sir.
>> The next paper is 28th cross cowbased bio inputs as a natural bio stimulant for sustainable horiculture production.
The authors are power and we as donors sir good afternoon sir uh myself Dr. Kalenar I am here now sir may I present?
>> Uh yes sir but what is your serial number sir?
>> Uh SD Kalenar indigenous cow milk and milk production sir traditional heritage.
>> Yeah yes yes sir >> sir you can present sir.
>> Okay can I share from here?
>> H yes sir.
>> Yes whether it is oral presentation or post presentation.
>> Yeah it is oral presentation.
>> Okay sir. Sir you you have allotted 5 minutes. You have to summarize the whole work in a 5 minutes.
Sorry. Is my screen visible?
Hello seated opening. Okay.
Make it uh full screen.
It is. It is there full screen now on my screen.
Hello. Just whether it is moving or not.
It's not moving sir. You have to again uh share as a full screen. Share full screen. Not only the five the first clip and uh I share it and share again.
>> Okay.
Sir, if there is any another presenter, please take him. So, I will uh connect from my laptop. So, it will be easy.
>> Hi. Yes, sir. I I will continue with another presenter.
>> Okay. Sir, please.
>> Meanwhile, you just send to uh >> email. Okay. Okay sir. I will send on our email. Your email >> or in a group? You are in their group.
Group of this national seminar.
>> Sir, no. No, I am not in that group. So I will either send it on uh email or I will type on my laptop. Sir please share your mobile number on the chat box. I will message you.
>> Okay.
The next presentation is of uh cowbased bio inputs. Yeah. No these authors are not available. Then development of uh functional fortified within effect of Amen.
JS you are not presenting another your abstract.
Dr. J.
Kalena sir, I will send your mobile number.
Kalanka sir, please send your mobile number. I will WhatsApp on the message on the WhatsApp. You can send your PPD.
Sir, I have forwarded on your email id sir. PPD API and email id.
The next one is the next paper is on effect of jwanti powder supplementation on milk consumption and milk.
in crossbid cows amarb is the author is present.
Then the next presentation is an in integral approach towards carbon neutral livestock production through mitigation. A review Griam Griam is there.
Then next one is effect of dietary sweet powder supplementation on the hematological profile of KY BP.
Yes.
I don't Sir, I mailed my PPD.
Sir, please start your presentation.
>> Yes sir. Thank you sir. Thank you sir.
Uh good afternoon everyone. Uh first of all I extend my warm wishes to you all on this pure indigenous cattle conservation and preservation day. Uh next sir please.
>> Also I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to our team organizers for organizing this uh uh best event and giving me an opportunity. Uh sir next slide uh myself Dr. Srian Kalanka earlier one sir please my name is Dr. Srian Kalanker today I'm honored to share insights on indigenous cow milk and its milk products exploring how we can manage our traditional heritage with modern scientific advances to secure a prosperious future for this sector. Uh let us begin by looking at the monumental scale of our legacy. India is currently a home to 53 officially recognized indigenous cattle breeds.
Together they contribute about 247.87 million tons for this year. Uh we have a rich portfolio of over more than 12 flagship traditional product categories derived from this milk. Today, as modern consumers increasingly demand natural and minimally processed foods, the spotlight is firmly returning to these indigenous traes. Next, sir. But next slide, sir.
Uh but what exactly makes this indigenous cow milk so scientifically distinct from other other these milk species? While composition naturally varies by breed, season, feed and other atmospheric certain parameters are there. Typically, if we see the cow meal composition, it contains 3.5 to 5% fat, 3 to 3.8% this protein and likewise the visual textural differences are striking. Unlike buffalo milk, indigenous cow milk retains a high level of betaarotin which give products butterlike and ghee their beautiful natural creamish yellow color.
Furthermore, the smaller fat glue stand slightly lower total solids compared to buffalo milk yield a distinctly softer texture and smoother mouth feel in our traditional foods like di paneer and sria. Sir, next slide.
Next slide sir please. Uh regarding the protein if we see at the molecular level the the difference are even more profound. Everyone of us heard about the A1 versus A2 milk. Huh? Next slide sir.
Everyone Everyone of us heard about the A1 versus A2 milk. In our indigenous indicica cattle the 67 position of beta casein amino acid chain is anchored by proline. This creates a rigid enzyatic resistance bond that prevents the release of beta casomorphine 7 that is BCM7 during the digestion. a which is a a peptide often linked to gut inflammation in A1 milk from western breeds. Uh next slide sir.
Structurally uh if we see this casein missile restructure the native cow milk features larger denser casein missiles with with a higher mineral to protein ratio. Next one for dairy technologist this casein miss cells with a higher mineral to protein ratio is a brilliant processing viewer. It coagulates coagulates incredibly fast with renate to form a fast cuts boost high thermal stability shows very low in synergis without chemical stabilizer. Next one.
So all these uh processing brilliant processing behaviors this supports this our four core traditional processing pathways. So in that this fermentation pathway is there heat desicated products coagulation coagulated products and fat rich dairy products are there. Next one sir nutritionally this transformation process it is highly beneficial. We see the release of the bioactive peptides during fermentation. The concentration of fat soluble vitamins that is ADK and the delivery of high quality that is complete amino acids. Next slide sir. As however as uh scientist we must draw a clear line between what is well established and what requires further validation. It is well established that these products provide excellent calcium, complete proteins and improved digestibility. But the claims regarding the absolute therapeutic superity of bona ghee or a conventional ghee or specific disease prevention traits still require rigorous validation through standardized these human clinical trials or laboratory tests. Next sir, next slide. To truly elevate this sector, indigenous sector, we must address critical challenges like we also face challenges critical challenges like lack of breed specific research. H most data still violates pulled market that is rather than others breeds like this gear seal or we also face challenges with processing standardization and the urgent need for advanced authentication tools like DNA testing and FTIR uh this prevent the adulteration to prevent the adulteration of premium products like bonagi bonagi and that conventional ghee. So there may be chances of adulteration that's why to prevent that. So this this one is important one. Next slide.
To overcome these hurdles like adulteration we must embrace im emerging technologies like by integrating AI IoT machine vision. We can automate traditional manufacturing for consistent quality. applying Omix based research like metabolomics which will helps us properly map the bioactive compounds in our native milk.
Next slide.
So all these solutions this brings us our unified road map for value addition to truly secure the heritage through science that is the future of indigenous sector. We must align our traditional heritage with modern scientific advances. On one track we must prioritize indigenous cattle conservation their preservation the uh traditional processing such as fermentation and churnney. H on a parallel scientific track we need to implement energy efficient dairy engineering invest heavily in breed specific meal characterization and deploy advanced packaging and and authentication pools. When these two paths merge they foster robust rural entrepreneurship and support natural farming ecosystems. The ultimate outcome of this is that uh that the creation of scientifically validated, safe and globally competitive indigenous dairy products that take their rightful place as a premium health foods on the world stage. Next slide.
So in conclusion the uh next slide please sir. Next slide please. So in conclusion the the theme of our path forward is simple heritage validated validated future secured.
Our indigenous cow cow meal products are not just food. They represent a unique convergence of our rich traditional dairy heritage and modern scientific innovations. By dedicating ourselves to strengthening breed specific research and adopting precision quality standards. We achieve a dual victory. H we actively support the conservation of our vital indigenous breeds while elevating India's traditional dairy treasures to the global premium market also. So thank you. So I want to extend my sincere thanks once again to the this Ajinda power indigenous cattle research come training center the college of agriculture Pune uh for hosting this uh crucial program. Uh thank you sir. Thank you. Thank you for giving me opportunity. Thank you sir.
>> Thank you sir. Thank you for nice presentation.
Okay. How will you pause?
Good evening everyone.
Myself Dr. Vikas Balerang, assistant professor of plant protection, regional extension center, college of agriculture, Pune. And my topic uh is integrated uh integrating indigenous cattle farming with natural farming system opportunities, challenges and the future uh prospect.
Uh friends, we all are known that we all are aware that nowadays natural farming is becoming important uh component in agriculture due to the the very detrimental effect of different agrochemicals and different types of chemical fertilizers which are used in mid70s. is as there is a fine uh during mid mid70s there is a shortage of food in India and we have adopted the green revolution and we have introduced the high yielding varieties which are very giving a very good yield and good response to the chemical fertilizers and pesticides and but indiscriminate use of the different chemical fertilizers and different aggrochemicals it leads to the complete deterioration of the uh uh soil and the environment also the residues of the agrochemicals and the chemicals from the different chemical fertilizers it lead to the it leads to the health hazards and there is increase in the number of cancer patient in India. So the the basic and the most important detrimental effect of this chemical fertilizer is on soil as uh on soil.
Along with this use of chemical fertilizer due to the intensive use of intensive cropping pattern the uh organic carbon in the Indian soils is getting decreased. So soil degression from the chemical is the one thing and it needs to be recovered by sustainable agriculture. So uh for this purpose the indigenous cat indigenous ctors can support to this uh reclaim we just call it as a reclamation because soil are degra degraded due to the chemical farming. So uh the the basic and the most important way is to use of indigenous cattle for supporting the or use of natural farming. So uh these uh uh particularly if you can see most of the uh soils near the big cities are also have contaminated with different type of chemicals from the chemical industries and other thing. So when we consider indigenous cow it it takes the food which is a residue of the plants and uh from that it gives the milk which we consume and whatever be the excretita that can be utilized again as a fertilizers and the cycle continues. So we can easily integrate indigenous cows or uh to uh in uh natural farming system. Then the most important thing to uh in the in our natural farming is the uh soil.
Particularly soil we can uh uh soil soil is a living type of thing because soil has a physical property, chemical property and biological properties also. All these properties are when in a good condition then and then we can get the ample food from the uh soil. So uh uh uh work workers with the natural bi diversity encounter encouraging the soil biology because soil biology is most important in soil.
Y number of bacteras, fungi and different microorganisms are present like actinomy and these microorganism made available the different types of nutrient required for the plant. Just an example the uh nitrogen is available in the uh environment up to 72% but it is not in the form in which the plant can absorb and give the food and use as a food to the uh plants. So there are some nfixing bacteria which fixes the uh which are already present in the soil and it leads to the fixation of nitrogen and made available to the plants. Then there are some phosphate solubilizing bacteria, chemobilizing bacteria. These bacteras are native of the soil. If we are using hazidly different agrochemicals or different chemical fertilizers, the population of these bacteria it lows down. When we increase the uh when we decrease this uh to increase the population of these bacterias, fungi and act it need to be increase the it needs to increase the quantum of this different microorganism by carbon. So the most important thing in natural farming is the first and most important thing in natural farming is that we have to increase the uh carbon uh uh carbon in the soil and it can be done with the help of the manure produce from the indigenous cows. So effective and natural control of different resources can be utilized. Then important uh practices uh which we can adopt like uh uh this bijam root, jiwam root and many many more components which are the product developed from the indigenous cow etita. Then uh uh nutrient cycle how it works. When uh indigenous cow consumes the grass or the residues of the plant then it gives the the exit of that cow is made available when it get uh uh it get decomposed. It make available then it breaks down the organic carbon decomposes and the organic car carbon increases it ultimately leads to the increase in the microfllora in the soil which make available different nutrients required by the plant and the plant gives us the food. So this is simple the nutrient cycle operating in the ecosystem. So uh this happens in in each in and every uh soils. So uh then why why the ind only indigenous cows are there more beneficial in the uh natural farming? We at Ajida Dapawar indigenous cow research and training centers has uh has uh was completed the uh the some research work on comparative analysis of uh cow dung and urine and we found that there is a tremendous difference between the crossbe cows and Indian uh indigenous cows and we have a number of uh we have more than 100 uh uh indigenous cows and of these the most important are the Saiwal, Tarpaker, Rati, Gir, Lal, Shindi. Then uh along with that particularly in as concerned to the Maharashtra, Killer, Lalandari, Devoni, Gawa, Pok, Capil, Dangi, these are some of the cows and uh these are some of the breeds in India. So this the cow and urine from this breed can be utilized in natural farming. So what are the components of the natural farming? The first and the most important component is the pisamut which we are using to use for seed treatment which contain the cow dung cow and ur cow urine and lime. Then the second one is uh jwam. Jwam it is a nutrient management.
So it give the nitrogen phosphorus and portach to the plants. nutrient management through cow dunk plus cow urine plus jagury plus pulse flour or any flour flour from the pulses then we have to maintain the wapsa condition or irrigation always so that there will be the good absorption of nutrient available nutrients in the ryospheric soil of the plant then plant protection measures so we are here in natural using only the uh product which are in the nature for the protection of the different paste disases and neimatode plant protections with nimas, brahmas and agnasra. These are the options for plant protection. Then mulching. So crop mulching we have to cover the soil so that it can leads to the minimum uh weeds and also due to that it increases it maintain the temperature of the soil below the environmental temperature and it become the congenial environment for the fast growth of the different microorganism and your efficiency may increase. So these are the different components in natural farming. So these are some components bijamut jam nimas dashperni. So these are all are the different product. Some are the fermented some are used. Uh so as far as take an example of the uh thei fermented plant-based paste repellent.
Then nimas nimbased natural pesticide for pest control. Ganji a solid bio fertilizer that provides essential nutrients to the plant. Jwamut a liquid bio fertilizer that improves the soil fertility. and bijamut a natural seed treatment to enhance the germination and growth of the seedlings. Then uh uh this is the process how we prepare the jivamroot bijamu and punchya. Then how to increase the organic carbon. So better for nutrient better appate and the proper growth of the microorganism in the soil proper iriation in the soil to improve the texture texture and chemical properties of the soil. we have to uh maintain the uh organic carbon above 0.8 and above but in our in Indian contest nowadays the organic carbon is at the level of 0.4 4 to 0.3. So it so we have to improve it the soil improve it and it can be improved by use of cowang and urine regularly in the soil.
Then uh carbon sequestration uh uh lower input cost because what are the inputs we are using in natural farming those are from the farmer's farm uh means household and we are not spending any money. So the cost cost benefit ratios become higher than that of the uh traditional farming. Uh red it is it leads to the reduction is reduction uh reduction in use of fertilizers particularly synthetic fertilizer pesticide reduction in water use per irrigation cycle improves the yield access uh access to the uh onfarmm diverse nutritional food and income diversification will be done. Then uh uh the next part is uh uh what farm diversification means? The diversification of farm means the farmer has to plant different types of crops like aronomic crops, horiculture crops.
Then he have to rear the animals in vegetable crops. Farmers can use different types of vegetable not a single type of vegetable. It becomes a monocropy. So rather than that mix crop mixed cropping or uh yeah different components were used in this uh particular uh aspect diversification. If the farmer diversifies it then it leads to the uh uh it lead to the uh in increase in the income of the farmer.
Then uh what are the challenges? There are lot of challenges environmental challenges are there. market challenges are there and how to mitigate that. So for mitigating these challenges newer technologies like artificial intelligence, IoT that is internet of things, machine learning, remote sensing, microbiome, these can be utilized. Nowadays many scientists are working on this aspect and different machines are there in the market which are give the accurate prediction of different diseases past and also the environmental condition. So how sustainable agriculture benefit farmers and the agri business? It lowers the cost, improve the soil fertility. Then climate resilance, market demand and premium pricing because it is residue free. Then regulatory compliance and the risk reduction is very mosting and is it gives the biodiversity. So these are the different benefits to the farmers and agri business and entrepreneurs of the sustainable agriculture. Then uh uh future prospect the the first future prospect we have to conserve the breed we have to conserve the different pure indigenous breed in India. So for that purpose different research institute are taking uh different researches and uh also government agencies are also nowadays are planned some uh research project for the breed uh conservation with the help of modern technique like embryo transfer and other thing. Then bioinput standardization here in our in our country there is no any standardization for the bioinput. So it needs to be for the standardization of bio input then AI advisory. So so artificial this this era of artificial intelligence. So uh by use of artificial intelligence different advisories regarding the prediction of the diseases or environmental conditions we have to we can uh you have we can tackle different problems and the climate resolence is the uh another uh future prospect. So indigenous cattles are central to the sustainable natural farming. So this is about the um this is about uh my topic. Uh if you have any queries uh feel free to ask me.
>> Thank you sir. Uh very nice presentation.
Thank you once and all. Uh now this was the last presentation all the presenter have done from yesterday we are conducting this one this uh national seminar. So on this occasion I request Dr. Di Patang sir to give the uh concluding remarks.
>> Sir good evening to all of us. Good evening sir.
So I am very happy to share you that uh right now I think more than 12 presenter present their papers in different angle different aspects uh different angles and different aspects of the production of the milk along with the conservation of the breed and also how to improve the productivity of the milk rather than productivity rather than the production and maintaining of the animal rather than the production of the animal. Uh some scientists also emphasis on the processing aspects of milk product and thereby how to improve the keeping quality of the indigenous cow milk. So in nutshell this seminar particularly prove itself uh it's a time need to strengthen the importance of indigenous cattle in Indian contest and also to improve the quality of the milk and market strategy for the milk and milk product from the indigenous cow. So again particularly I thanks to all the organizing committee and convenor uh of this conference to have a organizing session.
No doubt now the environment is somewhat rainy environment is there and may not be possible to all the scientists or all the participant to come at Pune and to participate actually and present their paper but by means of online mode they are able to do sustain of the conversation and dialogue among them. So again I thank you to one and all for giving uh thoughts and being a part of this seminar too. Thank you sir. Thank you.
Thank you.
>> Thank you sir for your nice remark. Uh now I request Dr. Paul sir for the wood of thanks. Dr. Paul >> good evening to all of you. Now this is our concluding session that is of thanks. Uh now today uh is our second day of national seminar on the sustainable indigenous cattle farming.
Uh from the yesterday we have discussed a lot of the topics. Uh so on the occasion of the 22 July there is a big program is there exhibition is there on the occasion for the pure indigenous cattle conservation.
and Jul I request from the organizing committee that you have to come here at the Pune at the ICR EP ICRDC for taking uh in that big function. So uh of all I will uh very thankful to uh our respected honorable uh vice chancellor Dr. Kurchaser for supporting us for guidance us for organizing the this seminar for providing all the financial technical support from the office. So I am also thankful to the honorable director of research Dr. Prashan Bkiser for constant guidance and uh encouraging us for taking such uh programs. I am uh thankful to respected director of extension education that is Dr. Gorak Susan for guidance for that program and disseminating all the technologies no knowledge to the farmers and the cattle owners. I am thankful to the respected dean faculty of agriculture Dr. Sata Kbesar for constant guidance and encouragement to all the scientist in our project. I am thankful to respected head department of animal husbandry and daily science Dr. DK comrade sir for technical guidance to the all the team members. I am thankful to the respected assid sir Dr. Subash Balikasar for organizing this event and providing all the facilities in the college and in the pro project. I am thankful to the chief scientist Dr. Somnat Manishar for taking too much efforts from last one month for organizing that all the seven days that seminar and the for tomorrow's uh big program is there. So I am thankful to the respected chief scandit sir. I am thankful to the uh respected professor animal husbandry and dairy science section college of agriculture pune Dr. Concur sir for providing that uh support for conducting that all the program. I am thankful to all the speakers from yesterday. Uh in every day we are conducting almost seven to eight lectures lead paper lectures we have seen on the different subjects aspect animal nutrition animal breeding and uh organic farming all these subjects are there. So I am thankful to the all the speakers. I'm thankful to the all the panelist reporteers and the most important the participants uh for uh taking part in that uh national seminar.
Most of the lectures have carried out very beautifully their in-depth lecture is there uh as well as some of the speakers have presented their poster uh their oral presentation or the research abstract. I am thankful to all these speakers participants uh for taking part in that beautiful natural seminar and I'm thankful to the YouTube uh also because YouTube channel is providing or disseminating that knowledge uh forever to the all the participants farmers because that all the YouTube's uh videos are available on the YouTube channel of the APIC YouTube channel is there so you can see all the lectures uh forever in our YouTube channels. I am thankful to all the staff members, technical staff members, co-scientist Vikas Balraer, Dr. Ajutika sir, Dr. Vishnu Narwat sir, co-scientist is there as well as I'm thankful to the Sujit Balraer, Arjun is there. So all the organizing committee uh all the members of organizing committee I am very thankful uh here. So I am concluding that uh national seminar uh session of thanks is from me. Thank you.
>> So there are some instructions for the all the participants. Uh you have filled the Google form on the basis of your registration. We will provide the certificates and those uh those who have uh presented the paper they will give the certificate of the presentation oral presentation of step presentation and there are some uh prizes are there for the oral presentation and post presentation on the tomorrow's program that program is also live on the YouTube we will uh select uh uh three prize winners and we will uh on tomorrow we will disclose that winners and we will send the soft copies of that certificate to your email as well as in our WhatsApp channel. So by the permission of the president I am declaring that that national webinar is over now. We will see to tomorrow the tomorrow's program is also live from the YouTube channel as well as the link will be shared in our YouTube channel. So that's uh from me.
Uh have the good day. Uh so our national seminar is concluded. Thank you very much to the all the participants. Thank you.
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