CHM256 | ANALYSIS OF NITRATE LEVELS IN WATER SOURCES

[00:00:17]For the first part we have introduction.

[00:00:19]Environmental analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing sample from the environment such as air, water and soil to evaluate their quality and detect the present of pollutant or contaminants.

[00:00:33]It plays an important role in protecting human health, preserving ecosystem and ensuring compliance with environmental regulation. among the various field of environmental analysis. Our group will focus on water analysis. As maintaining good water quality is essential for drinking, agriculture, industrial and aquatic life.

[00:00:55]One of the most widely used technique for water analysis is spectral photometry which measure the amount of light absorbed by a substant at a specific wavelength to determine the concentration of pollutants such as nitrate, phosphate and ammonia. Due to its accuracy, reliability and rapid analysis for effect spectral photometry has become an essential tool for monitoring water quality and supporting environmental protection effort. Knowing nitrate levels is important because they affect both the environment and human health. Excess nitrate in water can cause utriofication where algae grow rapidly and reduce oxygen levels harming aquatic life. For humans, drinking water with high nitrate levels can cause methoglobmia or blue baby syndrome, which reduce the blood's ability to carry oxygen, especially in infants.

[00:01:53]So, the main objective of this experiment is to determine the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in three different water samples using a UV visible spectrophotomy. From environmental analysis, spectrophotometry is commonly used to determine the concentration of substance in water samples through the calorimetric method. Many pollutants in water are colorless and cannot be detected directly. Therefore, a color developing reagent is added to the sample which reacts with a target substance to produce a color compound.

[00:02:25]In this experiment, tap water, bottle water, and river water are treated with the same color developing reagent under identical conditions. Comparing their absorbance values allows the concentration of the target substance to be evaluated and the water quality of each sample to be compared.

[00:02:53]I will continue to methodology for the first methodology is personal protective equipment.

[00:03:03]Personal protective equipment including lab coat, goggles, latex, glove, long pens, shoe and medical mask.

[00:03:17]We need to use this in lab for protecting ourself from chemical. Next I will talk about water collection and filtration.

[00:03:28]Water sample were collected from three different source. Commercial water, tap water and river water or pond water.

[00:03:37]Each sample was stored in clean glass container and clearly label. The sample were then filtered using 0.45 45 micrometer membrane siren filter to remove suspended particle and reduce durability which could which could interfere which the spectrophotometric analysis. The first 1 mm of filtrate was discard to rinse the filter filter membrane before collecting the filtered samples.

[00:04:15]Next uh we will continue to preparation of calibration standard.

[00:04:22]This is standard nitrate solution which concentration ranging from 0 to 5 mg per liter. We prepare by piping different volume of the working nitr nitration solution and diluting each to approximately 50 mm which is the water.

[00:04:40]At the same time 50 mm of each filtered water sample were transferred into the separate evaporating dishes. Next is evaporation and nitration.

[00:04:53]All standard and sample will evaporate to dryness using hot water bath. Once cool 2 mm of air reagent was add to each dish. A clean glass rod was used to spread the reagent evenly so that the dry residue dissolve completely.

[00:05:15]Finally, the dishes were left undisturbed for 10 to 15 minutes to allow the nutrition reaction to occur before proceeding to next color development and spectrophototric measurement.

[00:05:30]>> Next onto the color development and volutric makeup. First carefully add about 20 ml of distilled water to each dish to dilute the acid. Next working in a few hood slowly add liquid ammonia drop by drop to each dish while stirring gently until the solution becomes alkaline. Next, quantitively transfer the yellow solution from each dish into a separate clearly labelled 50 ml voluometric flask.

[00:06:00]And then rinse the dish twice with small portion of distilled water and add the rinsings into the flask. And lastly, dilute each flask exactly to the 50 ml calivation mark with distilled water.

[00:06:14]Stop the flask and invert them several times to mix them throughout. Now on to the spectrophototric measurement. First switch on the spectrophotometer and allow it to stabilize for 15 minutes.

[00:06:28]Set the monochromatic wavelength to 410 nanome.

[00:06:33]Next, rinse and clean the kovette with the bank solution. Fill it. Place it in the chamber and adjust the instrument to read about 0.00 absorbance.

[00:06:45]Next, sequally measure and record the absorbance value of the remaining standard solution. Lastly, measure and record the absorbance value for sample S1, S2, and S3. Representation of data.

[00:07:00]As you can see here, the table one shows the outline of calibration curve data.

[00:07:09]The graph here is plotted based on table one's data using the standard formula for a straight line. y = mx + c where the y intercept c is negligible or false to zero. We get y = 0.113x where y is the absorbable value read from the instrument, m is the slope of the line and x is the nitrate concentration calculation and analysis. Here we have the calculated nitrate concentration X using the formula Y / N. For the bottled water we get 0.15 mg per liter and for tap water we get 1.30 mg per liter and for river water we get 650 mg per liter.

[00:07:57]Based on this calculation we did an analysis. For the bottled water, it is highly pure and pristine baseline condition. And for tap water, it is safe well within the standard of EPA WH drinking threshold of 10 mg per liter.

[00:08:17]And for river water, it is elevated risk approach the critical ecological limits and have to points to agriculture runoff or local seage contamination.

[00:08:32]interpretation of result. As the concentration of nitro increases, the measure absorbance increases linearly.

[00:08:39]This perfectly demonstrate be labor's law, which states that absorbent is directly proportional to concentration.

[00:08:47]Water samples with higher nitrate concentration indicated a greater level of contamination. The results were used to assess the suitability of the water for environmental or domestic use.

[00:09:03]So the experiment has successfully fulfilled the objective by determining the distinct nitrate nitrogen gradient across three water source which is bottle water, tap water and div water.

[00:09:16]The bottle water and tap water sample both fall safely below the strict 4.5 mg per liter maximum permissible limit by the Bureau of Indian Standard and the World Health Organization for drinking water. This confirms the that the com commercial reverse osmosis and the municipal water treatment plants are highly effective at assuring public safety against the nitrate induction risk like metamoglobo mania. Conversely, the river sample exhibit a significant elevated nitrate level which is still technically below human drinking toxicity limit. This level points a localized nitrate pollution from agriculture fertiliz fertilizer runoff domestic waste water and the natural nitrate waste from organic matter to open in an open aquatic ecosystem nitrate level exceeds 1 to 5 mg per liter poses an ecological threat by triggering an utro utrofication.

[00:10:26]So we can conclude that this experiment demonstrate that spectrophotometric analysis of 410 nanome manometer are reliable tool for environmental water monitoring and highlighting the exceptional purity that the drinking water supplies while proving the critical need for waterershed management and to protect the habitat.