Hernia

[00:00:01]Good morning. I'm Daphne. I'm working as nursing tutor in Emmanuel Hospital College of Nursing, Nagercoil. Today we can see about hernia.

[00:00:10]So definition is abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of organ through the wall of cavity. So when the organ is protruded, that is known as hernia.

[00:00:20]Through the wall of cavity.

[00:00:22]So etiology is muscle weakness, increased abdominal pressure, obesity, pregnancy, coughing, weight lifting, trauma.

[00:00:33]And types of includes inguinal hernia that includes two types, direct inguinal hernia as well as indirect inguinal hernia. Next is umbilical hernia. Next is femoral hernia. Next is incisional hernia is also known as ventral hernia.

[00:00:48]Next is hiatal hernia.

[00:00:51]So inguinal hernias are two types, direct inguinal hernia. So that occurs through the inguinal ring due to weakness of abdominal wall. Through the inguinal ring this happens, okay?

[00:01:01]Indirect inguinal ring mean hernia means bowel bowel passes through the wall in an area of muscular weakness. So the stool is passed through the wall in the area of muscular weakness.

[00:01:17]Umbilical hernia means occur through the umbilicus due to increased abdominal pressure. It is usually occur in obese and multiparous mother. So through the umbilicus happens is the there is protrusion occurring as a umbilical hernia. Then femoral hernia means it occur through the femoral ring.

[00:01:36]Through the femoral ring this will occur. Incisional hernia or ventral hernia means it occur at the site of previous surgical incision. Incision. If there is any previous surgical incision and there occur as a incisional hernia.

[00:01:49]Hiatal hernia or diaphragmatic hernia or esophageal hernia. So these are the types. So these are the other names, sorry.

[00:01:57]Hiatal hernia is also known as diaphragmatic hernia. It is also known as esophageal hernia. It's a portion of stomach in the to the esophagus through an opening or hiatus in the diaphragm.

[00:02:08]It's a portion of stomach, okay? It's a portion of stomach into the esophagus through the opening of hiatus, through the hiatus opening. Diaphragm from the diaphragm through the hiatus opening presents as a hiatal hernia.

[00:02:23]Then, pathophysiology is due to etiological factor. There is increased abdominal pressure, weakness of muscles, protrusion of organ tissue.

[00:02:33]Clinical manifestations include heartburn, pain, discomfort, vomiting, nausea, breathing difficulty.

[00:02:41]So, diagnostic evaluations include history collection, physical examination, ultrasonography, ultrasonography, X-ray, X-ray, barium swallow.

[00:02:54]So, management includes medical management includes a truss, pad held up [clears throat] place by the belter.

[00:03:02]Pad is placed over the hernia.

[00:03:06]So, these are the medical management.

[00:03:08]And surgical management includes inguinal, indirect inguinal hernia, that is herniotomy. So, opening made in the hernia.

[00:03:18]So, herniorrhaphy, removal of hernial sac and repair of abdominal wall. They will remove that hernial sac and repair the abdominal wall. That is herniorrhaphy. Hernioplasty means plastic repair of abdominal wall.

[00:03:34]Uh plastic means repair of hernia.

[00:03:36]Abdominal wall, they are repairing the her abdominal wall. Herniotomy means removal of hernia. Thank you.