Constitutional Amendments | संविधान के Top 50 संशोधन | Polity Tricks | 10 Minute Show By Karuna Mam

[00:00:00]Hello everyone, welcome to the 10 minute show and today we are going to discuss a very important topic of Pitti which is also asked in your exams.

[00:00:08]Whether you are giving any exam of Railways, SSC, UP, any PCS exam, even UPSC. Where you people are asked about important amendments, that brother, tell me by which amendment these changes were made or questions are also asked in the form of statement related to the amendment. So we will discuss all these things in our 10 minute show today.

[00:00:28]So if we talk about these amendments, then if we talk about the Constitution, the feature of our Indian Constitution is that it is partly rigid and partly flexible.

[00:00:41]We call it partly rigid and partly flexible.

[00:00:49]What do you say? Partly rigid and partly flexible. Partly rigid and partly flexible. Isn't it? Why is it called partial resit? Because we can amend our Constitution and what does amendment mean to make it better? Making changes. And amendments are made in the Constitution through Article 368 that we can amend our Constitution to make it better and that amendment can be done only through this method which is mentioned in Article 368. The rest cannot be done by any other method.

[00:01:41]And for that we need a special majority. A special majority is required. Partially flexible is called flexible because amendments can be made and rigid is called so because amendment will be done only through Article 368 for which methods have been given and at the same time if that federal provision of our constitution wants to change the federal provision then along with the Parliament, more than half of the state legislatures will also have to pass it and our Parliament can amend our constitution.

[00:02:16]But there are some features in which no amendments can be made.

[00:02:20]And what do we call such features? These are called basic features.

[00:02:27]called a fundamental characteristic. So no modifications can be made to the original features. Did you understand this much? Now let's move ahead. Let us discuss the important amendments that you have asked for till now. Look, we implemented our Constitution in 1950 and just a year later in 1951, we made the first amendment to our Constitution through which we inserted the Ninth Schedule which abolishes the Zamindari system and brings about land reforms. It imposed restrictions on freedom of speech and protected land reforms by making them inadmissible to judicial review.

[00:03:07]But now if any law is made under the Ninth Schedule, it can be judicially reviewed. Because in 2007, in the IR Kohli case, our Supreme Court had said that judicial review is a fundamental feature of our Constitution.

[00:03:23]No amendment can be made in it. Therefore, all the laws made after 24th April 1973 to implement the Ninth Schedule can be judicially reviewed.

[00:03:35]Then what did we do with the Seventh Amendment Act 1956? When the states were completely formed on the basis of language, the four fold classification which already existed.

[00:03:48]Part A, Part B, Part C, Part D in Sporefold classifications have been abolished. And states and union territories were formed within our country.

[00:03:59]On what basis were the states created?

[00:04:03]Based on the language. And the reasons for the formation of the Union Territories were different.

[00:04:09]Some special protection was given. Isn't it?

[00:04:13]Made due to political reasons.

[00:04:15]Created for strategic reasons.

[00:04:19]Created to protect the interests of minorities. Therefore, Union Territories were created and it must be remembered that it was only through the Seventh Amendment Act, 1956 that the provision came that there could be a common Governor. This means that a single person can be appointed as the Governor of two or more states.

[00:04:35]And this same amendment had said that there could also be a common High Court. This means that two or more states can have the same High Court. At the same time, this amendment also deleted Part Seven of our Constitution.

[00:04:55]Part Seven of our Constitution, which was related to the areas of Part B, the princely states, the state which was related to them, was also deleted.

[00:05:04]Through which amendment? This was done through the Seventh Amendment Act 1956.

[00:05:10]Ok? So, you have to remember these things related to the Seventh Amendment Act 1956.

[00:05:18]What provisions were made by the 24th Amendment Act 1971? The Parliament had the power to amend any part of our Constitution and the President was bound that if the Constitutional Amendment Bill to amend our Constitution is passed through the Parliament and after passing from the Parliament, when it comes to the President, then the President will be bound that he will definitely accept it.

[00:05:50]Ok? Can't deny it.

[00:05:53]That means in the case of Constitutional Amendment Bill, our President does not have any veto power because he is bound to accept it.

[00:06:05]Is this much clear? The next 25th Amendment Act 1971 curtailed the right to property and introduced a new article, Article 31C. The right to property was completely removed from the category of fundamental rights.

[00:06:23]By the 44th Amendment Act of 1978. Earlier, Article 31 gave you the right that the right to property, the right to property, is your fundamental right.

[00:06:37]You have fundamental rights.

[00:06:41]Which amendment gave it? Through the 44th Amendment Act of 1978, it was removed from the category of fundamental rights and what did the right to property become through this amendment? A legal right became a legal right which is in Part 12. Article 300A of the 26th Amendment Act, 1971 also abolished the official recognition of the Privy Council given to princesses. The next 42 Amendment Acts made some changes in almost every part of our Constitution.

[00:07:16]That is why it is also called mini constitution.

[00:07:20]And the biggest change it made was that three new words were added to the preamble of our Preamble.

[00:07:27]Three new words were included.

[00:07:29]Which ones? Socialist, secular, secular and integrity.

[00:07:37]Ok? It also added a new article, Article 51A and a new Part A, Part Four A Fundamental Duties.

[00:07:47]Since you are a citizen of India, you also have some duties towards your country.

[00:07:52]They were added in the form of Fundamental Duties. DPSP was further strengthened and the tenure of Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha was increased from 5 years to 6 years.

[00:08:03]Then it was reversed. 625 It was done through the 44th Amendment Act of 1978. The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 made many changes related to the Emergency.

[00:08:17]Many changes were made to further improve the Emergency powers through the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.

[00:08:25]Because when internal emergency was declared in 1975, it lasted from 1975 to 1977. Then Mamata, then your Morarji Desai government came and the Janata government and Indira Gandhi's government lost because Indira Gandhi had lost the elections. That was the biggest drawback failure of the Congress government. So when the Janata government came to power and Morarji Desai became the new PM, at the same time many changes were made in these emergency powers through the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.

[00:08:58]Right to property was removed from the fundamental rights.

[00:09:00]A legal right was created.

[00:09:05]Changes in Article 300 and Emergency Provisions where the word internal disturbance itself was replaced. was removed and the term internal disturbance was replaced by what? Armed rebellion, that if internal emergency is declared in our country, then it will be due to armed rebellion and not by the word internal disturbance and in Article 352, it added a new word Cabinet that our President can declare National Emergency only when the Cabinet has given a recommendation in return, otherwise he cannot declare it. Anti-defection, not the 52nd Amendment Act, was in the news a lot.

[00:09:53]Anti-deficiency, that is why you should remember this.

[00:09:56]10th Schedule 10th Schedule added. Where anti-defection law defection provisions were added. If a person resigns from a party of his own free will and joins another party or votes against his party or does not obey the party or if an independent candidate contests and wins the election and then joins a party or if a nominated candidate or nominated member joins a party after 6 months, then anti-defection is imposed on him.

[00:10:26]So what happens in these four cases is that there are chances of you getting anti-defecation.

[00:10:34]So these 10 schedules were added to the 10th Schedule by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985.

[00:10:39]Then the 61st Amendment Act 1989 reduced the voting age from 21 years to how much? Made it 18 years. Ok? So the voting age was reduced. What was the voting age earlier? 21 years. Right to vote.

[00:10:56]You all have the right to vote, you can cast your votes. And according to the earlier right to vote, the voting age was 21 years. But the 61st Amendment Act reduced the voting age from 21 years to how much? It was increased to 18 years. Are these things clear? So how much did the 61st Amendment reduce your voting age from 21? How much did you do? It was increased to 18 years.

[00:11:25]Ok? Are all these things clear to you people? I hope that all these things will be clear to you people.

[00:11:32]Today we made amendments up to 61.

[00:11:34]We will continue further in its next part.

[00:11:36]And if you guys were new, have joined us for the first time, then definitely subscribe to the channel. Please like the session also.

[00:11:45]And you guys can join me live. At 11:00 I have my PT class where we discuss questions.

[00:11:51]So there you can connect with me live and solve those questions. Otherwise, if you have any doubt, you can ask me by commenting and also tell me through commenting which amendment we had added fundamental duties.

[00:12:10]Fundamental duties were added through which amendment? Ok?

[00:12:14]Let's thank you so much for attending the session.

[00:12:16]Bye-by take care. Jai Hind.